CHAPTER 6:Student with LEARNING

DISABILITIES

WHAT IS LEARNING?

Learning is the process by which experience and practice result in a stable change in the learner’s behaviour. .

Four Stages of Learning

Three Criteria in Determining the Presence of Learning

DisabilitiesSevere discrepancy between the

child’s potential and actual achievement

Exclusion or absence of mental retardation, sensory impairment and other disabilities

Need for education services

Learning and Behaviour Characteristics of Children with

Learning Disabilities Reading

Dyslexia

Written Language

Spoken Language

Developmental Aphasia

Pragmatics or Social Uses of Language

Mathematics

Behavioural Problems

Perceptual, Perceptual-Motor, and General Coordination

ProblemsChildren with learning disabilities

exhibit visual and/or auditory perceptual disabilities.

They have difficulty with physical activities that involves gross and fine motor skills.

They have problems with attention and hyperactivity.

Memory, Cognitive, and Metacognitive Problems

 Problems in memory, cognitive, and metacognitive areas are related. If there is a problem then there are also problems in understanding or cognition.

Attention Deficits.

Poor Memory.

Problems in Social Competence

Problems in relating with other people is not a characteristics of person with learning disabilities. Rather, it is an outcome of the different social climates created by people in school, at home, the community and other places with whom person with learning disabilities interact.

Causes of Learning Disabilities

The Genetic Factors in Learning Disabilities

oBrain Damage

•Hereditary

• Innate

•Congenital or constitutional

oBiochemical Imbalance

The Environmental Factors in Learning Disabilities

•Emotional disturbance.

•Lack of motivation

•Poor instruction

Assessment of Learning DisabilitiesLearning disabilities is a complex

condition. Therefore a battery of three to five test are used to identify students who may have learning disabilities. These are norm-referenced test, process test, informal learning inventories, criterion referenced test, and direct daily measurement of learning. (Heward 2003).

Criterion referenced

informal reading inventory

direct daily measurement

Presented By: Leader: Divina E. Bumacas

Members:

Jexter Manuel

Grace Santos

Grace Capinpin

Kristelle Joy Vivero

NorielynGalang

MarinellBocalig

ArlynTadeo

Lara Jean Soriaga