bacteria archaebacteria and eubacteria. i. characteristics: w a. have a cell membrane. w b. have a...
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BacteriaArchaebacteria and Eubacteria
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I. Characteristics: A. have a cell membrane. B. have a cell wall. C. prokaryotic (no nucleus/organelles.)
D. Live in damp, watery places. E. reproduce by asexual fission.
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II. 2 Groups of Bacteria:
A. Archaebacteria•live in harsh environments.
B. Eubacteria•found everywhere.
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III. 3 Types of Archaebacteria A. Methanogens
• live in oxygen-free environments (cow stomachs, swamps and sewage plants).
•produce methane gas.
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B. Halophiles
Live in highly concentrated bodies of salt water.
•The Dead Sea
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C. ThermophilesFound in hot, acidic water.
•Hot, deep-sea, thermal vents.
•Hot springs.
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IV. 3 Groups of EubacteriaA. Heterotrophs
• found everywhere.
•Some are parasites.•Some are saprobes saprobes that feed on dead organisms and wastes. Ex. Recycling
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B. Photosynthetic Autotrophs
Get energy from light. Have photosynthetic pigments. Some are blue-green; some
are red or yellow. In ponds and streams.
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C. Chemosynthetic Autotrophs
Get energy from the breakdown of inorganic substances as sulfur and nitrogen compounds.
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V. Structure of Bacteria A. Classified by the
shapes of their cells.
•1. coccus- round•streptococcus
–causes tooth decay
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Staphylococcus
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2. spirillum- •spiral-shaped.
•Causes syphilis.
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Syphilis Bacterium
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3. bacillus- •rod-shaped.
•Causes food poisoning.
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Pseudomonas rods
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B. Classified according to their arrangement.•1. Diplo- being paired.
•2. staphylo- grape-like clusters.
•3. strepto- long chains.
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C. Overall Structure: 1. Sticky capsule-
• surrounds the cell wall for protection against the immune system of the organism.•Sticks to teeth, the host, etc.
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2. Cell Wall and Cell Membrane
Outer boundaries.
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3. DNA No nucleus to hold the
DNA. Arranged as 1 chromosome
in the cytoplasm.
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Some have these parts:4. Endospore-
•a tough envelope that surrounds and protects the DNA in bad conditions.
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5. Flagella-•used for movement.
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D. Reproduction Do not reproduce by mitosis or
meiosis because there is NO nucleus.
Reproduce asexually by binary fission (cell divides into two new cells).
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Reproduce sexually by conjugation conjugation (one bacteria transfers chromosomes to another through a membrane extension).
Very rapid reproduction (every 20 min.).
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VI. Diversity of Bacteria
A. aerobes- most bacteria that require oxygen for cellular respiration.
•E. coli
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B. anaerobes- do not use oxygen.
•Syphilis
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VII. Diseases
1/2 of all diseases are caused by bacteria and their toxins.
Antibiotics are chemicals that inhibit the growth of bacteria.
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Botulism is caused by improper sterilized canned foods.
Tetanus causes “lock-jaw.” E. coli causes food
poisoning.
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E. coli
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VIII. Economic Importance A. used to make foods as yogurt,
cheese and pickles. B.used in medicines (antibiotics). C. recycle nutrients in ecosystems.
D. change nitrogen in air into a usable form for plants.