bacteria. prokaryote – single celled with no nucleus eubacteria – peptidoglycan (a carbohydrate)...
TRANSCRIPT
Bacteria
Prokaryote – single celled with no nucleus
• Eubacteria – peptidoglycan (a carbohydrate) cell wall
• Archaebacteria – cell wall of lipids, no peptidoglycan in the cell wall
Identifying Prokaryotes
• Shape a. bacilli – rod shaped b. cocci – spherical shaped c. spirilla – corkscrew shapehttp://biology.clc.uc.edu/graphics/bio106/bacteria.jpg
Identifying Prokaryotes
• Cell Wall – use gram stain i. gram positive has peptidoglycan wall ii. gram negative has no peptidoglycan wall
• Movement – may or may not move >flagella >lash, snake, or spiral forward >glide on slime like secreted layer
Metabolic Diversity
• Heterotrophs: chemotrophs & photoheterotrophs
• Autotrophs >photoautotrophs – ex. Cyanobacteria http://steel.ced.berkeley.edu/cris/
hiddenecologies/HE/wp-content/uploads/ 2006
Metabolic Diversity
• >chemoautotrophs – energy from chemical reactions is used to make food (from ammonia, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), nitrites, sulfur, or iron)
Growth & Reproduction
• Binary fissionhttp://www.biology-resources.com/drawing-amoeba-reproduction.html
Growth & Reproduction
• Conjugation http://americanscientist.org/Libraries/images/thumbnail/20033711443_307.gif
Growth & Reproduction
• Spore Formation: structures of DNA & some cytoplasm (formed when conditions were unfavorable for growth) remain dormant for months or years until the right conditions existhttp://ppdl.purdue.edu/PPDL/images/daylily_rust_spores400x.jpeg
Importance of Bacteria
• Decomposers – recycle nutrients & maintain equilibrium
• Nitrogen fixers – changenitrogen gas into useable compound plants can usewww.windows.ucar.edu/earth/climate/images/ nitrogencycle.jpg
Importance of Bacteria• Human use – make food & beverages, clean up oil
spills, remove waste products from ground, synthesize drugs & chemicals, make vitamins our bodies need (E.coli in large intestine)
www.javno.com/slike/slike_3/r1/g2007/ www.fotosearch.com/LIF145/pdb07006/ http://library.thinkquest.org/J002755/graphics/vitamins.gif
Viruses
• Virus: particles of nucleic acid, protein, & sometimes lipids (typically DNA or RNA core with a protein coat) >only reproduce by infecting living cells >use living cells to make more virusesImage by Karsten Schneider/Science Photo Library
Viruses
• Capsid: protein coat of a virus >capsids bind to cell host & “trick” the cellto let the virus inside the healthy cell
• Bacteriophages: viruses that only infect bacteria
Viral Infection
• Lytic – virus enters a cell, makes copies of itself, & causes the cell to burst
• Lysogenic - virus combines its DNA with the host cell and the viral DNA replicates with the host’s DNA
Viral Infection
Retroviruses
• Viruses that contain RNA
• Named retro because they copy genetic information from RNA to DNA (usually genetic information is copied from DNA to RNA
Retroviruses
HIV VIRUS
• www.chm.bris.ac.uk/.../levasseur/images/hiv.GIF
The “take-home” message
• STAY HEALTHY
• WASH YOUR HANDS, ETC.