back to the elements - uis · back to the elements ... predicting reactions ... cl has 7 electrons...
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Back to the Elements
Presented by The Center for Teaching and Learning
AndDaniel Fox, Science Teaching Assistant
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Today we will discuss:MatterAtomic structureElements The Periodic Table of ElementsApplications
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MatterThree different states
SolidDefinite shape and volume
LiquidDefinite volume, but no specific shape
GasNo fixed volume or shape
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The AtomThree subatomic particles:
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
http://www.niauk.org/images/education/oxygatom.jpg
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ProtonsMass
1.0073 amu
Charge1+
Location in atomIn nucleus at center of the atom
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NeutronsMass
1.0087 amu
Charge Neutral (no charge)
Location in atomIn nucleus at center of atom
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ElectronsMass
5.46X10-4 AMU
Charge1-
Location in atomOrbital found outside of the nucleus
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Atomic structure
education.jlab.org/qa/atom_model.html
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
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Electron ConfigurationFollows the Octet Rule
Outermost ‘shell’ is valenceshell of electrons‘Octet’ refers to 8 electronsthat fill valence shell
http://www.carondelet.pvt.k12.ca.us/Family/Science/Nitrogen/images/bi_orbital.gif
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ElementsWhat defines an element?
Elements are defined by the # of protons located inside the atom
Ex:All Carbon (C) atoms have 6 protonsAll Oxygen (O) atoms have 8 protonsAll Gold (Au) atoms have 79 protons
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IsotopesElements with differing neutrons are called isotopes
Example:C has Isotopes of 12, 13, and 14All Carbons have 6 atoms, but number of isotopes vary
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IonsElements with differing electrons are called Ions
Ex.H+Cl-Ca2+
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How to read an element
# Electrons
(Charge)
# Atoms
Total Atomic
Weight
# Protons
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The Periodic Table of Elements
http://boomeria.org/chemlectures/periodictable.jpg
Rows
Periods
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How to Read the Element Boxes
http://iss.cet.edu/electricity/pages/images/B/b11_1.jpg
Element
Element Symbol
Atomic # (# Protons)
Atomic Mass (amu)
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Element classificationsMetalsNon-MetalsMetalloidsTransition Metals
http://boomeria.org/chemlectures/periodictable.jpg
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Element Classifications contd. Alkali MetalsAlkali Earth MetalsChalcogensHalogenNoble Gas
http://boomeria.org/chemlectures/periodictable.jpg
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Electron ConfigurationsSublevels
S levelP levelD levelF level
http://boomeria.org/chemlectures/periodictable.jpg
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ApplicationsThe Periodic Table can be used to:
Identify elemental characteristicsClassify all matterPredict reactions between elements
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Elemental CharacteristicsThe Periodic Table will show:
Protons, neutrons, and electronsClass order and valence shell electronsAverage mass of elements (mass number)
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Classifying MatterAll matter, regardless of physical status, is represented on The Periodic Table in one form or another
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Predicting ReactionsThe number of valence electrons will predict the how many bonds an element will form
Elements wiill follow the octet ruleExample:
Cl has 7 electrons and will therefore form 1 bondH has 1 valence electron and therefore forms 1 bond
*Why do both elements form the same number of bonds, but appear to be so different?
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Predicting Reactions contd.It is easier for Cl to accept an electron, where it is easier for H to donate an electron
Often, Rows 4A and up will accept electrons, where 1A through 3A will donate electrons
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Next Time……Balancing and using chemical equations