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B E C A B C C A B C A B C D D B D A C A B E B. 24. D 25. E 26. D 27. D 28. B 29. B 30. E 31. C 32. D 33. E 34. B 35. D 36. C 37. C 38. A 39. B 40. B 41. C 42. C 43. A 44. C 45. C 46. C. 47. E 48. C 49. C 50. D 51. E 52. C 53. D 54. A 55. B - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
1. B2. E3. C4. A5. B6. C7. C8. A9. B10.C11. A12.B13.C14.D15.D16.B17.D18.A19.C20.A21.B22.E23.B
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Free Response Questions/ FRQ Helpers• Identify: provide a specific answer, which does
not require causal explanation• Define: provide a specific meaning for a word or
concept• Describe: show understanding of a particular
concept or political phenomenon• Explain: demonstrate understanding of how or
why a relationship exists by clearly articulating the logical connection or causal pattern between or among various political phenomena
• Compare: provide an explicit statement which connects two or more concepts
• Popular Sovereignty• Liberty• Equality • Respect for individual
• Initiative: Citizen Sponsored
• Referendum: Legislative Sponsored
A man's character may be learned from the adjectives which he
habitually uses in conversation. Mark Twain
Warm up.Explain the differences between Republic and Direct Democracy.
When is each desirable?
Exit QuestionDoes the Initiative process have a place
in modern U.S. Government? Why or why not?
Give an example of its place.
BUREAUCRATIC VIEW
Not educated
In your opinion, which Philosopher was correct about human nature? Locke or Hobbes?
• Topic Sentence• Explain giving at
least 2 pieces of evidence
List as many forms of government as you can in 2 minutes. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
NO Power to taxNO Chief Executive NO National JudiciaryCouldn’t regulate Interstate TradeNo National Currency
Accomplishments:
Articles of Confederation1781-1789
• States rights– Powers not delegated congress
• Weaknesses– One vote– No taxing powers– No commerce regulations– No executive to enforce acts– No national court system– Amendments only by all states agreeing– 9/13 required to pass a law
Shay’s Rebellion 1786
Mount Vernon 1785MD. And VA.
ANNAPOLIS 17865 COLONIES SHOW
Constitutional Convention 1787
Which concern of Mason’s is most relevant today? Why?
•1 pt. Topic Sentence•1 pt. Define key terms•2 pts. Explain giving at least 2 details
(Delegates)
Conspiracy
Pragmatic ApproachHoffstadtler & Roche: Politicians
1948
ElitistBeard: Economic Self Interest
1913 “Convention of the well-bred, the well-fed, the well-read, and the well-wed”
Inspired by God
Intent of Founders
Governments of the World • Socialism: You have two cows give one cow
to your neighbor. • Communism: You have two cows. Give both cows to the
government, and they m ay give you some of the milk.• Fascism: You have two cows. You give all of the milk to
the government, and the government sells it.• Nazism: You have two cows. The government shoots you
and takes both of your cows.• Anarchism: You have two cows. Keep both of the cows,
shoot the government agent and steal another cow.• Capitalism: You have two cows. Sell one cow and buy a bull.
Large StatesBased on population3 Branches2 House legislature
Small StatesOne HouseEqual representationEach State one vote
• James Madison, John Jay and Alexander Hamilton wrote 85 essays
• Stressed weaknesses of the AOC• Convincing commentary in NY on
ratifying the Constitution
• Congress can control Interstate Commerce
• South thought the North would dominate – export duties on Tobacco
• Decided Congress cannot tax exports from any state
• Could not interfere with slave trade for 20 years
Prevent tyranny
System of restraints in which each branch can check the other two
Checks and Balances• Declares acts of Congress unconstitutional • Veto legislation • Veto 2/3 Override • Creates lower courts • Remove judges • Recommend legislation • Enforces laws • Approves or rejects appointments • Appointed for life
vs
Constitutional division of power between national and state governments.
Unity, not uniformity
Downside to FederalismConfusing Unequal resources
Interest groups can block the will of the people
Jim Crow laws
Where does Colorado Stand?
Layer Cake
Marble Cake
NATIONAL GOVERNMENTOBLIGATIONS
Republican Form
Protection from invasion
(Reserved powers to the states)Amendment 10
Power to tax
Make laws
Establish Law enforcement
agencies
Power to borrow
1. INFORMALLYEasier, takes less time
(Defining what the Constitution means)
Judiciary Act of 1789
Plessy v. FergusonBrown v. Board
Executive Agreements—WWII agreementsExecutive Orders—Internment of Japanese
Informal Amendments• Supreme Court Decisions
– Marbury v. Madison• Political Parties
– Nomination process– Election process
• Customs– Cabinet– 2 terms for President– Presidential succession
Informal Amendments• Basic Legislation
– Details were added by Congresses
– Ways it interprets the Constitution and carries out its duties
• Executive Actions– Presidential use of Necessary
and Expedient Clause “Necessary & Expedient Clause” Detroit
– Executive order
1. 2/3 vote from both houses of Congress.
2. Const. Convention called by 2/3 of the States.
1. Ratifying Conventions in ¾ of the states.
2. ¾ of all state legislatures approve.
“ Congress should have expressed powers only or those implied
necessary to carry out the expressed ones.”
Loose or Strict Constructionist?
Strict Constructionist
Thomas Jefferson
“A wide variety of interpretations of the Constitution should be allowed by Congress in order to carry out
their duties”
Loose or Strict Constructionist?
Loose Constructionist
Alexander Hamilton
McCulloch v. Maryland
Elastic Clause
Commerce Clause
U.S. v. Lopez
Gibbons v. Ogden
Gun Free School Zones Act 1995
U.S. v Morrison Printz v. United States
Landmark case: Interstate trade exclusive to Fed.
Violence against Women Act Brady Act Background checks
Specific programs
• Hazardous materials• Safe drinking water• Americans with disabilities Act• Clean air act
Civil Rights
Unfunded Mandates Reform Act 1995
• Justify the Mandate• Prove Legal Authority• Cost/Benefit Analysis• Macro-Economic effect• Select least costly
Preamble 1787/ Magna Carta 1215
We have also granted to all freemen of our kingdom, for us and our heirs forever, all the underwritten liberties, to be had and held by them and their heirs, of us and our heirs forever
We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence,[note 1] promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.
•Mandate: Compelling states to take actions with or without funding. Ex. NCLB
•Block Grants: Funding to be used by States for general purpose. Ex. National Min. Drinking Age
•Categorical Grants: Funding spent on narrowly defined purposes. Ex. Head Start, Food Stamps