ASTRONOMY REVIEW Qs

1. Which statement provides evidence that Earth revolves around the Sun?(1) Winds at different latitudes are curved

different amounts by the Coriolis effect.(2) Different star constellations are visible from

Earth at different seasons of the year.(3) The Sun follows an apparent arc across the

sky during the day.(4) The stars appear to circle Earth during the

night.

2. The diagram below represents the major stars of the constellation Orion, as viewed by an observer in New Jersey.

Which statement best explains why Orion can be observed from New York State on December 21 but not on June 21?(1) Orion has an eccentric orbit around Earth.(2) Orion has an eccentric orbit around the Sun.(3) Earth revolves around the Sun.(4) Earth rotates on its axis.

3. When observed from a location in Maine for one night, the North Star (Polaris) appears to(1) rise in the east and set in the west(2) rise in the west and set in the east(3) move southward along an arc-shaped path(4) remain stationary in the sky

4. Which object is closest to Earth?(1) the Sun (3) the Moon(2) Venus (4) Mars

5. Which photograph of star trails was taken by an observer facing directly north in New Jersey?(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

6. Which statement best explains the apparent daily motion of the stars around Polaris?(1) The Earth's orbit is an ellipse.(2) The Earth has the shape of an oblate

spheroid.(3) The Earth rotates on its axis.(4) The Earth revolves around the Sun.

7. Which event takes the most time?(1) one revolution of Earth around the Sun(2) one revolution of Venus around the Sun(3) one rotation of the Moon on its axis(4) one rotation of Venus on its axis

ASTRONOMY REVIEW Qs8. The diagram below shows an instrument made

from a drinking straw, protractor, string, and rock.

This instrument was most likely used to measure the(1) distance to a star(2) altitude of a star(3) mass of the Earth(4) mass of the suspended weight

9. Base your answer to the following question on the latitude and longitude system shown below. The map represents a part of the Earth's surface and its latitude-longitude coordinates. Points A through F represent locations in this area.

As a person travels from location B to location E the observed altitude of Polaris will(1) decrease (3) remain the same(2) increase

10. How does the position of Polaris appear to change as an observer travels due north from the Equator?(1) The angle of Polaris above the northern

horizon decreases.(2) The angle of Polaris above the northern

horizon increases.(3) Polaris appears to move westward.(4) Polaris appears to move eastward.

11. Based on observations made in the Northern Hemisphere, which statement is the best supporting evidence that the Earth rotates on its axis?(1) The stars appear to follow daily circular

paths around Polaris.(2) The apparent solar diameter varies

throughout the year.(3) The length of the daylight period varies

throughout the year.(4) The seasons (spring, summer, fall, and

winter) repeat in a cyclic pattern.

12. The diagram below shows several planets at various positions in their orbits at a particular time.

Which planet would be visible from the Earth at night for the longest period of time when the planets are in these positions?(1) Mercury (3) Mars(2) Venus (4) Jupiter

ASTRONOMY REVIEW Qs13. The table below shows the altitude and compass direction of one planet, as viewed by an observer in New York

State at 10 p.m. on the first day of each month from April through November.

Which graph best represents a plot of this planet's apparent path, as viewed by the observer over the 7-month period?

(1) (2) (3) (4)

ASTRONOMY REVIEW QsBase your answers to questions 14 and 15 on the diagram below, which shows a portion of the solar system.

14. Mercury and Venus are the only planets that show phases when viewed from Earth because both Mercury and Venus(1) revolve around the Sun inside Earth's orbit (3) are eclipsed by Earth's shadow(2) rotate more slowly than Earth does (4) pass behind the Sun in their orbit

15. The actual orbits of the planets are(1) elliptical, with Earth at one of the foci (3) circular, with Earth at the center(2) elliptical, with the Sun at one of the foci (4) circular, with the Sun at the center

16. If viewed from the Earth over a period of several years, the apparent diameter of Mars will(1) decrease constantly(2) increase constantly(3) remain unchanged(4) vary in a cyclic manner

17. A planet was viewed from Earth for several hours. The diagrams below represent the appearance of the planet at four different times.

The best inference that can be made based on the diagrams is that this planet is(1) tilted on its axis (3) revolving(2) changing seasons (4) rotating

18. The same side of the Moon always faces Earth because the(1) Moon’s period of rotation is longer than its

period of revolution around Earth(2) Moon’s period of rotation is shorter than its

period of revolution around Earth(3) Moon rotates once as it completes one

revolution around Earth(4) Moon does not rotate as it completes one

revolution around Earth

19. One complete cycle of the phases of the Moon takes approximately one(1) day (3) month(2) week (4) year

20. The time required for the Moon to show a complete cycle of phases when viewed from Earth is approximately(1) 1 day (3) 1 month(2) 1 week (4) 1 year

ASTRONOMY REVIEW Qs21. The diagram below shows the Moon orbiting

Earth, as viewed from space above Earth’s North Pole. The Moon is shown at eight positions in its orbit.

An eclipse of the Sun is most likely to occur when the Moon is in which position?(1) 1 (3) 5(2) 3 (4) 7

22. The diagram below shows Earth’s orbit around the Sun and different positions of the Moon as it travels around Earth. Letters A through D represent four different positions of the Moon.

An eclipse of the Moon is most likely to occur when the Moon is at position(1) A (3) C(2) B (4) D

23. Which sequence of Moon phases could be observed from Earth during a 2-week period?

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

24. The diagram below shows the Moon at four positions in its orbit around Earth.

An observer on Earth could see a solar eclipse when the Moon is at position(1) 1 (3) 3(2) 2 (4) 4

ASTRONOMY REVIEW Qs25. The diagram below represents the Sun’s rays striking Earth and the Moon. Numbers 1 through 4 represent

positions of the Moon in its orbit around Earth.

The highest tides on Earth occur when the Moon is in positions(1) 1 and 3 (2) 2 and 4 (3) 3 and 2 (4) 4 and 1

26. The diagram below shows the Moon orbiting Earth, as viewed from space above Earth’s North Pole. The Moon is shown at eight positions in its orbit.

Spring ocean tides occur when the difference in height between high tide and low tide is greatest. At which two positions of the Moon will spring tides occur on Earth?(1) 1 and 5 (3) 3 and 7(2) 2 and 6 (4) 4 and 8

27. What is represented by the diagram below?

(1) changing phases of the Sun(2) changing phases of the Moon(3) stages in an eclipse of the Sun(4) stages in an eclipse of the Moon

28. A cycle of Moon phases can be seen from Earth because the(1) Moon’s distance from Earth changes at a

predictable rate(2) Moon’s axis is tilted(3) Moon spins on its axis(4) Moon revolves around Earth

ASTRONOMY REVIEW Qs29. Base your answer to the following question on the passage below.

A Newly Discovered Planet

Scientists studying a Sun-like star named Ogle-Tr-3 discovered a planet that is, on the average, 3.5 million kilometers away from the star’s surface. The planet was discovered as a result of observing a cyclic decrease in the brightness of Ogle-Tr-3 every 28.5 hours. The changing brightness is the result of the planet blocking some of the starlight when it is between Ogle-Tr-3 and Earth. This observation allowed scientists to find not only the planet, but also to determine the planet’s mass and density The mass has been calculated to be approximately 159 times the mass of Earth. The planet is only 20% as dense as Jupiter. Scientists think that this low density is the result of being very close to Ogle-Tr-3.

The planet was discovered when it passed between Earth and the star Ogle-Tr-3. Which event in our solar system results from a similar type of alignment of the Moon between Earth and the Sun?(1) summer solstice (2) winter solstice (3) solar eclipse (4) lunar eclipse

30. The diagram below shows the positions of the Moon and the Sun at sunset during an evening in New York State. Points A, B, C, and D represent positions along the western horizon.

At sunset on the following evening, the Moon will be located at position(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D

31. The passage of the Moon into Earth's shadow causes a(1) lunar eclipse (3) new Moon(2) solar eclipse (4) full Moon

32. In which direction on the horizon does the Sun appear to rise on July 4 in Maine?(1) due north (3) north of due east(2) due south (4) south of due east

33. If the distance between the Moon and Earth were double its present distance, the Moon’s cycle of phases would occur(1) in reverse order and more slowly(2) in reverse order and more quickly(3) in the same order but more slowly(4) in the same order but more quickly

ASTRONOMY REVIEW QsBase your answers to questions 34 and 35 on the diagram below, which shows the Moon, Earth, and the Sun’s rays as viewed from space. Letter A indicates a certain position of the Moon in its orbit.

34. Which diagram represents the phase of the Moon, as seen by an observer on Earth, when the Moon is located at position A in its orbit?

(1) (2) (3) (4)

ASTRONOMY REVIEW Qs35. Which diagram correctly shows the direction of Earth’s rotation and revolution?

(1) (2) (3) (4)

36. The diagram below shows the Moon at four positions in its orbit around Earth as viewed from above the North Pole.

Beginning with the Moon at position X (the new-Moon phase), which sequence of Moon phases would be seen by an observer on Earth during 1 month?(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

37. Which statement best explains why different phases of the Moon can be observed from the Earth?(1) The size of the Earth's shadow falling on the

Moon changes.(2) The Moon moves into different parts of the

Earth's shadow.(3) Differing amounts of the Moon's sunlit

surface are seen because the Moon revolves around the Sun.

(4) Differing amounts of the Moon's sunlit surface are seen because the Moon revolves around the Earth.

38. The new-moon phase occurs when the Moon is positioned between the Earth and the Sun. However, these positions do not always cause an eclipse (blocking) of the Sun because the(1) Moon's orbit is tilted relative to the Earth's

orbit(2) new-moon phase is visible only at night(3) night side of the Moon faces toward the

Earth(4) apparent diameter of the Moon is greatest

during the new-moon phase

39. Which motion causes the apparent rising and setting of the Moon each day, as seen from a location in Kansas?(1) the Earth revolving around the Sun(2) the Moon revolving around the Earth(3) the Earth rotating on its axis(4) the Moon rotating on its axis

ASTRONOMY REVIEW Qs40. The diagrams below represent Earth’s ocean

tides at four different positions of the Moon. Which diagram shows the Moon position that will produce the highest high tides and the lowest iow tides? (The diagrams are not drawn to scale.)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

41. Which event is a direct result of Earth's revolution?(1) the apparent deflection of winds(2) the changing of the Moon phases(3) the seasonal changes in constellations

viewed in the night sky(4) the daily rising and setting of the Sun

42. The diagram below represents the Moon in its orbit, as viewed from above Earth’s North Pole. Position 1 represents a specific location of the Moon in its orbit.

Which phase of the Moon will be seen from Earth when the Moon is at position 1?

(1) (3)

(2) (4)

43. Summer days in Texas are likely to be hotter than winter days because in summer(1) Earth is closer to the Sun(2) the number of sunspots increases(3) Earth’s northern axis is tilted toward the Sun(4) the Sun gives off more energy

44. On which day of the year does Connecticut have the fewest hours of daylight?(1) April 21 (3) October 21(2) June 21 (4) December 21

ASTRONOMY REVIEW QsBase your answers to questions 45 and 46 on the diagram below, which has lettered arrows showing the motions of Earth and the Moon.

45. Which lettered arrow represents the motion that causes the Moon to show phases when view from Earth(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D

46. Which two motions are completed in about the same amount of time?(1) A and B (2) B and C (3) C and D (4) A and D

ASTRONOMY REVIEW QsBase your answers to questions 47 through 49 on the world map below, which shows regions of Earth where a solar eclipse was visible on May 20, 1947. Location A, B, C, and D are on Earth's surface.

47. Which diagram best represents the positions of Earth (E), the Sun, and the Moon that created the solar eclipse? (Diagrams are not drawn to scale.)

(1) (3)

(2) (4)

ASTRONOMY REVIEW Qs48. Which statement best describes the visibility of this eclipse from locations in New York State?

(1) A total eclipse was visible all day.(2) A total eclipse was visible only from noon until sunset.(3) A partial eclipse was visible only from noon until sunset.(4) Neither a partial nor a total eclipse was visible.

49. At which location could an observer have viewed this total solar eclipse if the skies were clear?(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D

Base your answers to questions 50 and 51 on the graph below. The graph shows the recorded change in water level (ocean tides) at a coastal city in the northeastern United States during 1 day.

50. According to the pattern shown on the graph, the next high tide will occur on the following day at approximately(1) 12:30 a.m. (2) 2:00 a.m. (3) 3:15 a.m. (4) 4:00 a.m.

51. Which inference about tides is best made from this graph?(1) The hourly rate of tidal change is always the same. (3) The tidal change is a random event.(2) The rate of tidal change is greatest at high tide. (4) The tidal change is cyclic.

52. The apparent daily path of the Sun changes with the seasons because(1) Earth's axis is tilted(2) Earth's distance from the Sun changes(3) the Sun revolves(4) the Sun rotates

53. A student read in a newspaper that the maximum length of the daylight period for the year in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, had just been reached. What was the date of this newspaper?(1) March 22 (3) September 22(2) June 22 (4) December 22

ASTRONOMY REVIEW Qs54. Which diagram sequence correctly shows the order of Moon phases, as viewed from Earth, for a period of 1

month? [Note that some phases have been omitted.](1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

ASTRONOMY REVIEW QsBase your answers to questions 55 through 58 on the graph below, which shows the maximum altitude of the Moon, measured by an observer located at a latitude of 43° N during June in a particular year. The names and appearance of the four major Moon phases are shown at the top of the graph, directly above the date on which the phase occurred.

55. Which terms describe both the changes in the maximum altitude of the Moon and the changes in the Moon’s phases over a period of several years?(1) cyclic and predictable (3) noncyclic and predictable(2) cyclic and unpredictable (4) noncyclic and unpredictable

56. Which city is closest in latitude to the location where these observations were made?(1) Binghamton (2) New York City (3) Albany (4) Syracuse

57. Which diagram best represents the Moon’s phase observed on June 11?

(1) (2) (3) (4)

58. What was the maximum altitude of the Moon on June 22?(1) 40° (2) 43° (3) 46° (4) 50°

ASTRONOMY REVIEW Qs59. The diagram below shows the Moon orbiting Earth as viewed from space above the North Pole. The Moon is

shown at eight different positions in its orbit.

At which two positions of the Moon is an eclipse of the Sun or Moon possible?(1) 1 and 5 (2) 2 and 6 (3) 3 and 7 (4) 4 and 8

60. The diagram below shows Earth, the Moon, and the Sun's rays as viewed from space.

For observers on Earth, which phase of the Moon is represented by the diagram?

(1) (2) (3) (4)

ASTRONOMY REVIEW Qs61. The diagram below shows the Moon in different positions as it revolves around Earth, as observed from above

the North Pole (NP).

Which image correctly represents the Moon at position 8, as observed from Earth?

(1) (2) (3) (4)

ASTRONOMY REVIEW QsBase your answers to questions 62 through 66 on the diagram below, which represents the Moon orbiting Earth as viewed from space above the North Pole. The Moon is shown at eight different positions in its orbit.

62. When the Moon is in position 2, which phase would be visible to an observer in Maine?

(1) (2) (3) (4)

63. Which motion causes the Moon to show phases when viewed from Earth?(1) rotation of Earth (3) revolution of Earth(2) rotation of the Sun (4) revolution of the Moon

64. As the Moon changes location from position 2 to position 6, the visible portion of the Moon as observed from Earth(1) decreases, only (3) decreases, then increases(2) increases, only (4) increases, then decreases

65. The approximate time required for the Moon to move from position 3 to position 7 is(1) 1 hour (2) 2 weeks (3) 3 months (4) 4 days

66. Which device when placed on the Moon would provide evidence of Moon rotation?(1) Foucault pendulum (2) seismograph (3) thermometer (4) wind vane

ASTRONOMY REVIEW QsBase your answers to questions 67 through 70 on the chart below, which shows phases of the Moon as viewed by an observer on Earth during 1996.

67. What is the approximate diameter of the Moon?(1) 1.74 × 103 km (2) 6.96 × 105 km (3) 3.48 × 103 km (4) 7.35 × 1022 km

68. Why does the Moon show these phases when viewed by an observer on Earth?(1) The Moon rotates on its axis. (3) The Sun lights only half of Earth.(2) Earth’s orbit is nearly circular. (4) The Moon revolves around Earth.

69. The Moon goes through a complete cycle of phases approximately every(1) 14 days (2) 23 days (3) 29 days (4) 365 days

70. During 1996, the maximum intensity of moon-light was received on Earth twice in the month of(1) February (2) June (3) October (4) December

71. Which diagram most correctly shows the portion of Earth that is illuminated by sunlight and the portion that is in shadow on the first day of summer in the Northern Hemisphere?

(1) (2) (3) (4)

ASTRONOMY REVIEW Qs72. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which represents a model of the Earth-Moon

system as viewed from above the North Pole. The numbers 1 through 8 represent positions of the Moon as it revolves around Earth. The parts of the diagram lettered A through D show how the Moon's phases appear to an observer in New Jersey.

As the Moon's phase changes from first quarter to last quarter, the visible portion of the Moon as observed from Earth will(1) decrease, only (3) decrease, then increase(2) increase, only (4) increase, then decrease

73. The diagram below shows Earth on a particular day in its orbit around the Sun. The dashed line represents Earth’s axis.

Which date is represented by the diagram?(1) March 21 (3) September 23(2) June 21 (4) December 21

74. The diagram below shows the noontime shadows cast by a student and a tree.

If the time is solar noon and the student is located in New York State, in what direction is the student facing?(1) north (3) east(2) south (4) west

ASTRONOMY REVIEW Qs75. The diagram below shows the relative positions

of the Earth, Moon, and Sun for a 1-month period.

Which diagram best represents the appearance of the Moon at position P when viewed from the Earth?

(1) (3)

(2) (4)

76. The diagram below shows Earth on a particular day in its orbit around the Sun. The dashed line represents Earth’s axis.

What happens to the length of daylight at this location on this date as you travel from the Arctic Circle to the Antarctic Circle?(1) Increases(2) Decreases(3) Stays the same(4) Increases then decreases

77. The diagrams below show the phases of the Moon as viewed by an observer in New York State at different times in August.

Which phase could have been observed on August 17?

(1) (3)

(2) (4)

78. The diagram below shows Earth on a particular day in its orbit around the Sun. The dashed line represents Earth’s axis.

Which Earth location is receiving the most intense insolation?(1) North Pole (3) Tropic of Cancer(2) South Pole (4) Tropic of Capricorn

ASTRONOMY REVIEW Qs79. The diagram below shows the shadow cast by a

telephone pole on March 21 at solar noon at a location in New York State.

Which shadow was cast by the same telephone pole on December 21 at solar noon?

(1) (3)

(2) (4)

80. The lowest surface air temperatures in the Southern Hemisphere usually occur during themonth of(1) January (3) July(2) April (4) October

81. During how many days of a calendar year is the Sun directly overhead at noon in New Jersey?(1) only 1 day (3) 365 days(2) only 2 days (4) 0 days

82. Approximately how many degrees per day does Earth revolve in its orbit around the Sun?(1) 1° (3) 15°(2) 13° (4) 23.5°

83. The diagram below shows the altitude of the Sun at solar noon on March 21, as seen by an observer at 42° N latitude.

Compared to the altitude of the Sun observed at solar noon on March 21, the altitude of the Sun observed at solar noon on June 21 will be(1) 15° higher in the sky(2) 23.5° higher in the sky(3) 42° higher in the sky(4) 48° higher in the sky

84. The diagram below represents Earth at four different positions, A, B, C, and D, in its orbit around the Sun.

Between which positions would Texas be experiencing the summer season?(1) A and B (3) C and D(2) B and C (4) D and A

ASTRONOMY REVIEW QsBase your answers to questions 85 and 86 on the world map below. Letters A through D represent locations on Earth’s surface.

85. At which location on December 21 is the Sun directly overhead at solar noon?(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D

86. Which location receives 12 hours of daylight and 12 hours of darkness on June 21?(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D

87. Which observation is a direct result of the 23½º tilt of Earth's axis as Earth orbits the Sun?(1) Locations on Earth's Equator receive 12

hoursof daylight every day.

(2) The apparent diameter of the Sun shows predictable changes in size.

(3) A Foucault pendulum shows predictable shifts in its direction of swing.

(4) Winter occurs in the Southern Hemisphere at the same time that summer occurs in the Northern Hemisphere.

88. The tilt of the Earth on its axis is a cause of the Earth's(1) uniform daylight hours(2) changing length of day and night(3) 24-hour day(4) 365£-day year

89. To an observer located at the Equator, on which date would the Sun appear to be directly overhead at noon?(1) February 1 (3) March 21(2) June 6 (4) December 21

ASTRONOMY REVIEW Qs90. Which graph best represents the average monthly temperatures for one year at a location in the Southern

Hemisphere?

(1) (3)

(2) (4)

91. The diagram below shows the apparent daily path of the Sun, as viewed by an observer at a certain latitude on three different days of the year.

At which latitude were these apparent Sun paths most likely observed?(1) 0° (2) 23.5° N (3) 43° N (4) 66.5° N

ASTRONOMY REVIEW Qs92. A student in New York State looked toward the eastern horizon to observe sunrise at three different times during

the year. The student drew the following diagram that shows the positions of sunrise, A, B, and C, during this one-year period.

Which list correctly pairs the location of sunrise to the time of the year?(1) A—June 21

B—March 21C—December 21

(2) A—December 21B—March 21C—June 21

(3) A—March 21B—June 21C—December 21

(4) A—June 21B—December 21C—March 21

93. The diagram below, which represents a horizon in Pennsylvania, shows four positions of sunrise, A, B, C, and D, on different days of the year.

At which position would sunrise occur on June 21?(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D

94. The best evidence that Earth spins on its axis is the motion of(1) tectonic plates(2) Polaris(3) a wind vane(4) a Foucault pendulum

95. A Foucault pendulum appears to change its direction of swing over a period of several hours because of Earth’s(1) rotation (3) tilted axis(2) revolution (4) gravity

ASTRONOMY REVIEW Qs96. Which diagram best shows the Sun’s apparent path, as seen by an observer on July 21 in New Jersey?

(1) (3)

(2) (4)

97. Which diagram shows the position of the Earth relative to the Sun's rays during a winter day in the Northern Hemisphere?

(1) (3)

(2) (4)

98. On March 21, at which location in New York State would sunrise occur first?(1) Riverhead (3) Buffalo(2) Syracuse (4) Massena

99. The diagram below represents a swinging Foucault pendulum.

This pendulum will show an apparent change in the direction of its swing due to Earth’s(1) curved surface (3) rotation(2) tilted axis (4) revolution

ASTRONOMY REVIEW QsBase your answers to questions 100 and 101 on the diagram below, which represents an exaggerated view of Earth revolving around the Sun. Letters A, B, C, and D represent Earth’s location in its orbit on the first day of each of the four seasons.

100. Which location in Earth’s orbit represents the first day of fall (autumn) for an observer in Pennsylvania?(1) A (3) C(2) B (4) D

101. Earth’s rate of revolution around the Sun is approximately(1) 1° per day (3) 15° per hour(2) 360° per day (4) 23.5° per hour

102. The Coriolis effect causes winds in New York State to generally curve(1) to the right of the direction of travel(2) to the left of the direction of travel(3) upward away from Earth’s surface(4) downward toward Earth’s surface

103. In the Northern Hemisphere, planetary winds blowing from north to south are deflected, or curved, toward the west. This deflection is caused by the(1) unequal heating of land and water surfaces(2) movement of low-pressure weather systems(3) orbiting of Earth around the Sun(4) spinning of Earth on its axis

104. The diagram below shows the shadow cast by a telephone pole on March 21 at solar noon at a location in New York State.

Which shadow was cast by the same telephone pole on June 21 at solar noon?

(1) (3)

(2) (4)

105. Surface ocean currents curve to the right in the Northern Hemisphere because(1) the Moon spins on its axis(2) the Moon travels in an orbit around Earth(3) Earth spins on its axis(4) Earth travels in an orbit around the Sun

106. The length of an Earth day is determined by the time required for approximately one(1) Earth rotation (3) Sun rotation(2) Earth revolution (4) Sun revolution

ASTRONOMY REVIEW QsBase your answers to questions 107 through 109 on the diagram below, which represents a model of the sky (celestial sphere) for an observer in New York State. The curved arrow represents the Sun’s apparent path for part of one day. The altitude of Polaris is also indicated.

107. On which date could this observation of the Sun’s apparent path have been made?(1) March 21 (2) July 21 (3) October 21 (4) December 21

108. Where is this observer most likely located?(1) Massena (2) Oswego (3) Slide Mountain (4) Mt. Marcy

109. According to this diagram, what is the Sun’s altitude at solar noon?(1) 23.5° (2) 42° (3) 48° (4) 90°

ASTRONOMY REVIEW QsBase your answers to questions 110 through 112 on the diagram below, which shows the altitude and apparent position of the noontime Sun, as seen from various latitudes on Earth on a particular day of the year. Letters A through D represent locations on Earth's surface.

110. Which season will begin at 41° N latitude, three months after the date represented by this diagram?(1) summer (2) fall (3) winter (4) spring

111. What is the altitude of the noontime Sun at the Equator on this date?(1) 23¡ (2) 43 (3) 66¡ (4) 90

112. Which lettered location will experience the shortest period of daylight during one Earth rotation on this day?(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D

113. In New York State, the constellation Pisces can be seen in the night sky between the middle of summer and the middle of winter. The constellation Scorpio can be seen in the night sky between early spring and early fall. The reason these two constellations can be viewed only at these times is a direct result of Earth’s(1) spin on its axis(2) movement around the Sun(3) axis having a 23.5° tilt(4) distance from the Sun

114. Which observable change would occur in New York State if Earth’s rate of rotation were one-half its present rate?(1) The Sun would rise in the southwest each

day.(2) The length of a day would be longer.(3) The time needed to complete a cycle of

Moon phases would be greater.(4) The seasonal changes would not occur.

115. Units of time are based on Earth's motion relative to other celestial objects. The year is best defined as Earth's motion relative to the(1) asteroids (3) Moon(2) Sun (4) planets

ASTRONOMY REVIEW Qs116. Which model best represents the apparent path

of the Sun observed at various times during the year at the Equator?(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

117. If the axis of Earth were not tilted relative to the plane of its orbit around the Sun, the result would be(1) a greater number of hours in a day(2) a greater number of days in a year(3) a reversal of polar and equatorial climates(4) an equal number of hours of daylight at most

locations

118. Which change would occur if the Earth's rate of rotation were to increase?(1) The year would be shorter.(2) The day would be shorter.(3) The year would be longer.(4) The day would be longer.

Base your answers to questions 119 and 120 on the diagram below, which shows numbered positions of the Sun at four different times along the Sun’s apparent daily path, as seen by an observer in New Jersey. Numbers 1 through represent apparent positions of the Sun.

119. During which day of the year is the Sun most likely to follow the apparent path shown?(1) March 1 (3) October 1(2) July 1 (4) December 1

120. The observer had the longest shadow when the Sun was at position(1) 1 (3) 3(2) 2 (4) 4

121. The diagram below represents the direction of Earth’s rotation as it appears from above the North Pole. Point X is a location on Earth’s surface.

The time at point X is closest to(1) 6 a.m. (3) 6 p.m.(2) 12 noon (4) 12 midnight

ASTRONOMY REVIEW QsBase your answers to questions 122 and 123 on the diagram below, which shows the angle of the Sun’s noontime rays received at different Earth latitudes on May 1.

122. At which latitude can the noontime Sun be observed in the northern part of the sky?(1) 0° (2) 30° N (3) 60° N (4) 90° N

123. Which changes can be expected to occur at 45° N over the next 30 days?(1) The duration of insolation will decrease and the temperature will decrease.(2) The duration of insolation will decrease and the temperature will increase.(3) The duration of insolation will increase and the temperature will decrease.(4) The duration of insolation will increase and the temperature will increase.

ASTRONOMY REVIEW QsBase your answers to questions 124 through 126 on the diagram below, which shows a model of the apparent path and position of the Sun in relation to an observer at four different locations, A, B, C, and D, on Earth’s surface on the dates indicated. The zenith (z) and the actual position of the Sun in the model at the time of the observation are shown. [The zenith is the point directly over the observer.]

124. From sunrise to sunset at location B, the length of the observer’s shadow will(1) increase, only (3) increase, then decrease(2) decrease, only (4) decrease, then increase

125. Where on Earth’s surface is the observer at location C located?(1) at the Equator (2) at the South Pole (3) at the North Pole (4) in Oswego, New York

126. According to the Sun’s actual position shown in the diagrams, the most intense insolation is being received by the observer at location(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D

ASTRONOMY REVIEW Qs127. The shaded portion of the map below indicates areas of night and the unshaded portion indicates areas of

daylight.

What day of the year is best represented by the map?(1) March 21 (2) June 21 (3) September 21 (4) December 21

128. The diagram below represents a plastic hemisphere upon which lines have been drawn to show the apparent paths of the Sun at a location in New York State on the first day of each season. Letters A through I represent points on the paths.

Which point represents the sunrise location on the first day of winter?(1) G (2) F (3) E (4) D

129. What is the total number of degrees that the Earth rotates on its axis during a 12-hour period?(1) 1º (3) 180º(2) 15º (4) 360º

130. Which object orbits Earth in both the Earth-centered (geocentric) and Sun-centered (heliocentric) models of our solar system?(1) the Moon (3) Venus(2) the Sun (4) Polaris

ASTRONOMY REVIEW Qs131. The maps below show the amount of sea ice surrounding the continent of Antarctica at two different times of the

year. Map A represents late August when the area covered by sea ice approaches its greatest extent. Map B represents the minimum extent of sea ice.

Which month is most probably represented by map B?(1) February (2) May (3) June (4) October

132. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which represents the planetary wind and moisture belts in Earth’s Northern Hemisphere.

The paths of the surface planetary winds are curved due to Earth’s(1) revolution (2) rotation (3) circumference (4) size

ASTRONOMY REVIEW Qs133. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which represents the apparent path of the Sun

observed at four locations on Earth's surface on March 21. The present positions of the Sun, Polaris, and the zenith (position directly overhead) are shown for an observer at each location.

State the approximate time of day for the observer at location B when the Sun is at the position shown in the diagram.

134. The diagram below represents a simple geocentric model. Which object is represented by the letter X?

(1) Earth (3) Moon(2) Sun (4) Polaris

135. In which type of model are the Sun, other stars, and the Moon in orbit around the Earth?(1) heliocentric model (3) concentric model(2) tetrahedral model (4) geocentric model

136. Which planet’s orbit around the Sun is most nearly circular?(1) Mercury (3) Pluto(2) Neptune (4) Venus

137. Which planet has an orbital eccentricity most like the orbital eccentricity of the Moon?(1) Pluto (3) Mars(2) Saturn (4) Mercury

ASTRONOMY REVIEW Qs138. In which map does the shaded area correctly represent the part of Earth that receives direct (perpendicular) rays

from the Sun sometime during the year?

(1) (3)

(2) (4)

139. Which object is located at one foci of the elliptical orbit of Mars?(1) the Sun (3) Earth(2) Betelgeuse (4) Jupiter

140. An observer on Earth determines that the apparent diameter of the Moon as viewed from Earth varies in a cyclic manner. The best explanation for this observation is that the(1) Moon is rotating(2) Moon’s orbit is elliptical(3) atmospheric transparency of the Moon

changes(4) distance between the Moon and the Sun

changes

141. The shape of the orbits of most of the planets in the solar system would best be described as(1) elliptical and very elongated(2) parabolic(3) nearly circular(4) perfectly circular

142. In what way are the planets Mars, Mercury, and Earth similar?(1) They have the same period of revolution.(2) They are perfect spheres.(3) They exert the same gravitational force on

each other.(4) They have elliptical orbits with the Sun at

one focus.

ASTRONOMY REVIEW Qs143. Which graph best represents the angle of the

Sun above the horizon as observed from 6 a.m. to 6 p.m. on September 23 at a location in New York State?(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

144. Which observation is a direct result of changes in distance between Earth and the Sun?(1) A Foucault pendulum shows predictable

changes in its direction of swing.(2) The apparent diameter of the Sun shows

predictable changes in size.(3) The length of daylight at the poles changes

from 0 to 24 hours during the year.(4) Summer occurs in the Northern Hemisphere

at the same time that winter occurs in the Southern Hemisphere.

Base your answers to questions 145 through 147 on the diagram below, which represents latitude and longitude lines on Earth. Points A through E represent locations on Earth. Arrows represent direction of rotation.

145. At which location will the Sun reach the highest angle above the horizon at solar noon?(1) A (3) C(2) E (4) D

146. Which location has the longest duration of insolation on December 21?(1) A (3) C(2) B (4) E

147. When the local time at location C is 3 p.m., the local time at location D is(1) 1 p.m. (3) 3 p.m.(2) 5 p.m. (4) 3 a.m.

148. The actual shape of the Earth's orbit around the Sun is best described as(1) a very eccentric ellipse(2) a slightly eccentric ellipse(3) an oblate spheroid(4) a perfect circle

ASTRONOMY REVIEW Qs149. A student accurately measured the altitude of the noontime Sun from the same New Jersey location on four days

during the school year. Which sequence best shows these measurements?(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

150. The period of time a planet takes to make one revolution around the Sun is most dependent on the planet's average(1) rotation rate(2) mass(3) insolation from the Sun(4) distance from the Sun

151. When the distance between the foci of an ellipse is increased, the eccentricity of the ellipse will(1) decrease (3) remain the same(2) increase

152. The elliptical shape of the Earth's orbit results in(1) changes in the orbital velocity of the Earth(2) tilting of the Earth's axis(3) the oblate spheroid shape of the Earth(4) the phases of the Moon

ASTRONOMY REVIEW Qs153. The diagram below represents a Foucault

pendulum swinging freely for 8 hours.

The Foucault pendulum appears to gradually change its direction of swing due to Earth’s(1) orbit around the Sun (3) tilted axis(2) curved surface (4) spin on its axis

154. Which diagram correctly shows how surface winds are deflected (curved) in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres due to Earth's rotation?

(1) (3)

(2) (4)

155. The diagram below represents an activity in which an eye dropper was used to place a drop of water on a spinning globe. Instead of flowing due south toward the target point, the drop followed a curved path and missed the target.

The actual path results from(1) the tilt of the globe's axis(2) the Coriolis effect(3) the globe's revolution(4) dynamic equilibrium

156. The diagram below shows Earth as viewed from above the North Pole (NP). Points A and B are locations on Earth's surface.

At location A, the time is 12 noon. What is the time at location B?(1) 6 a.m. (3) 3 p.m.(2) 6 p.m. (4) 12 midnight

ASTRONOMY REVIEW Qs157. The diagram below shows some examples of how surface winds are deflected in the Northern and Southern

Hemispheres because of Earth's rotation.

Earth's rotation causes winds to be deflected to the(1) right in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres(2) right in the Northern Hemisphere and left in the Southern Hemisphere(3) left in the Northern Hemisphere and right in the Southern Hemisphere(4) left in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres

158. The diagram below shows the latitude-longitude grid on an Earth model. Points A and B are locations on the surface.

On Earth, the solar time difference between point A and point B would be(1) 1 hour (3) 12 hours(2) 5 hours (4) 24 hours

159. Which diagram best represents a portion of the heliocentric model of the solar system? [S = Sun, E = Earth, and M = Moon]

(1) (3)

(2)

(4)

ASTRONOMY REVIEW Qs160. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which shows Earth's planetary wind belts and

pressure belts.

The surface winds shown in the diagram follow curving paths mainly due to Earth's(1) revolution (2) rotation (3) gravitational field (4) magnetic field

161. The diagram below shows the elliptical orbit of a planet revolving around a star. The star and F2 are the foci of this ellipse.

What is the approximate eccentricity of this ellipse?(1) 0.22 (3) 0.68(2) 0.47 (4) 1.47

162. The diagram below represents the elliptical orbit of a moon revolving around a planet. The foci of this orbit are the points labeled F1 and F2.

What is the approximate eccentricity of this elliptical orbit?(1) 0.3 (3) 0.7(2) 0.5 (4) 1.4

ASTRONOMY REVIEW QsBase your answers to questions 163 and 164 on the diagram below. The diagram represents the Earth at a position in orbit around the Sun, the Sun's rays at solar noon, and the direction to Polaris. Letters A through D represent positions on the Earth's surface.

163. A projectile is launched from a point near the North Pole toward the Equator. Which diagram best represents the apparent path of the projectile, as viewed from the Earth?

(1) (3)

(2) (4)

164. What is the latitude of position A?(1) 23¡º N (3) 66¡º N(2) 47º N (4) 90º N

165. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below which shows twelve constellations that are visible in the night sky to an observer in New Jersey, over the course of a year. Different positions of Earth are represented by letters A through D. The arrows represent the direction of Earth's motion around the Sun.

Which constellations are both visible at midnight to an observer in New Jersey when Earth is located at position D?(1) Aries and Taurus(2) Pisces and Libra(3) Leo and Virgo(4) Aquarius and Scorpio

166. Which diagram shows a planet with the least eccentric orbit?

( Key: • = planet * = star )

(1)

(3)

(2)

(4)

ASTRONOMY REVIEW Qs167. Letters A, B, C, D, and X on the map below represent locations on Earth. The map shows the latitude-longitude

grid.

Solar time is based on the position of the Sun. If the solar time is 1 p.m. at location X, at which location is the solar time 5 p.m.?(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D

Base your answers to questions 168 and 169 on the diagram below, which shows sunlight entering a room through the same window at three different times on the same winter day.

168. This room is located in a building in Connecticut. On which side of the building is the window located?(1) north (2) south (3) east (4) west

ASTRONOMY REVIEW Qs169. The apparent change in the Sun’s position shown in the diagram is best explained by

(1) the Sun rotating at a rate of 15° per hour (3) the Sun’s axis tilted at an angle of 23¡°(2) Earth rotating at a rate of 15° per hour (4) Earth’s axis tilted at an angle of 23¡°

170. Base your answer to the following question on the map below. Letters A through F are locations on Earth’s surface.

When solar time at location E is 12 noon, solar time at location A is closest to(1) 6 a.m. (2) 8 a.m. (3) 12 noon (4) 4 p.m.

ASTRONOMY REVIEW Qs171. The diagram below shows one model of a

portion of the universe.

What type of model does the diagram best demonstrate?(1) a heliocentric model, in which celestial

objects orbit Earth(2) a heliocentric model, in which celestial

objects orbit the Sun(3) a geocentric model, in which celestial

objects orbit Earth(4) a geocentric model, in which celestial

objects orbit the Sun

172. Base your answer to the question below on the diagram below. The diagram represents the path of a planet orbiting a star. Points A, B, C, and D indicate four orbital positions of the planet.

When viewed by an observer on the planet, the star has the largest apparent diameter at position(1) A (3) C(2) B (4) D

173. The diagram below represents the Earth's orbital path around the Sun. The Earth takes the same amount of time to move from A to B as from C to D.

Which values are equal within the system?(1) The shaded sections of the diagram are equal

in area.(2) The distance from the Sun to the Earth is the

same at point A and at point D.(3) The orbital velocity of the Earth at point A

equals its orbital velocity at point C.(4) The gravitational force between the Earth

and the Sun at point B is the same as the gravitational force at point D.

ASTRONOMY REVIEW QsBase your answers to questions 174 and 175 on the diagram of the solar system below.

174. Which kind of model of the solar system is represented by the diagram?(1) heliocentric model (2) geocentric model (3) sidereal model (4) lunar model

175. According to Kepler's Harmonic Law of Planetary Motion, the farther a planet is located from the Sun, the(1) shorter its period of rotation (3) longer its period of rotation(2) shorter its period of revolution (4) longer its period of revolution

ASTRONOMY REVIEW QsAnswer Key

ASTRONOMY REVIEW QsAnswer Key

1. 2

2. 3

3. 4

4. 3

5. 1

6. 3

7. 1

8. 2

9. 3

10. 2

11. 1

12. 3

13. 1

14. 1

15. 2

16. 4

17. 4

18. 3

19. 3

20. 3

21. 1

22. 2

23. 3

24. 4

25. 1

26. 1

27. 3

28. 4

29. 3

30. 1

31. 1

32. 4

33. 3

34. 1

35. 3

36. 2

37. 4

38. 1

39. 3

40. 1

41. 3

42. 4

43. 3

44. 4

45. 4

46. 3

47. 2

48. 4

49. 3

50. 2

51. 4

52. 1

53. 2

54. 2

55. 1

56. 4

57. 3

58. 3

59. 1

60. 1

61. 4

62. 2

63. 4

64. 4

65. 2

66. 1

67. 3

68. 4

69. 3

70. 2

71. 1

72. 4

73. 4

74. 1

75. 4

76. 1

77. 4

78. 4

79. 2

80. 3

81. 4

82. 1

83. 2

84. 1

85. 2

86. 3

87. 4

88. 2

89. 3

90. 3

91. 3

92. 1

93. 1

94. 4

95. 1

96. 1

97. 4

98. 1

99. 3

100. 3

ASTRONOMY REVIEW QsAnswer Key

101. 1

102. 1

103. 4

104. 2

105. 3

106. 1

107. 1

108. 3

109. 3

110. 4

111. 3

112. 1

113. 2

114. 2

115. 2

116. 2

117. 4

118. 2

119. 2

120. 4

121. 3

122. 1

123. 4

124. 4

125. 3

126. 1

127. 4

128. 4

129. 3

130. 1

131. 1

132. 2

133. 2:30 pm () 1 hour)

134. 1

135. 4

136. 4

137. 2

138. 4

139. 1

140. 2

141. 3

142. 4

143. 4

144. 2

145. 1

146. 2

147. 2

148. 2

149. 1

150. 4

151. 2

152. 1

153. 4

154. 3

155. 2

156. 1

157. 2

158. 2

159. 3

160. 2

161. 3

162. 3

163. 4

164. 4

165. 3

166. 1

167. 2

168. 2

169. 2

170. 2

171. 3

172. 1

173. 1

174. 1

175. 4