asian american voices in the 2016 election

ASIANAMERICANVOICESINTHE2016ELECTION

REPORTONREGISTEREDVOTERSINTHEFALL2016NATIONALASIANAMERICANSURVEY

OCTOBER5,2016

KarthickRamakrishnan,DirectorJanelleWong,TaekuLee,andJenniferLee,co-PrincipalInvestigators

CONTENTS

EXECUTIVESUMMARY.............................................................................................................1

BACKGROUND:AGROWINGPOLITICALFORCE........................................................................3

VIEWSONTHEPARTIES...........................................................................................................6

VIEWSOFTHECANDIDATESANDCANDIDATECHOICE............................................................12CANDIDATEFAVORABILITY..............................................................................................................................12CANDIDATEVOTECHOICE..............................................................................................................................132016PRESIDENTIALVOTECHOICE..................................................................................................................15CONGRESSIONALVOTECHOICE.......................................................................................................................19

MOSTIMPORTANTISSUESANDPROBLEMS...........................................................................21

VIEWSONPOLICIES................................................................................................................22

VOTERCONTACT....................................................................................................................33

IMPORTANCEOFETHNICMEDIA............................................................................................35

CONCLUSION..........................................................................................................................39

CONTACTINFORMATION........................................................................................................79

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EXECUTIVESUMMARY

AsianAmericansandPacificIslanders(AAPIs)have,fornearlytwodecades,beenthemostrapidlygrowingracialgroupintheUnitedStates.Theyhavealsogrownsignificantlyintheirpoliticalpresence,asmeasuredbythegrowthofregisteredvoters(anaverageincreaseof600,000perpresidentialelectioncycle)andCongressionalcandidates(from10candidatesin2010,to30in2012and40in2016).TherehasalsobeenarapidgrowthinthecivicinfrastructureofAAPIcommunities,withmorethan700AAPI-servingorganizationsparticipatinginNationalVoterRegistrationDayinSeptember2016.

Thisreportincludesfindingsfromthe2016NationalAsianAmericanSurvey(NAAS),anationallyrepresentativesurveyof2,238AsianAmericanand305NativeHawaiianandPacificIslander(NHPI)adultinterviewsconductedbytelephonefromAugust10toSeptember29,2016.Thisparticularreportfocusesonthe1,694AsianAmericanand261NHPIregisteredvoterswhotookthesurvey,withanoverallmarginoferror+/-3.5%.FuturereportswillexaminethepolicyviewsofNativeHawaiiansandPacificIslandersingreaterdepthandcivicengagementamongnoncitizensandcitizensalike.

WesurveyednineU.S.AsianandPacificnationalorigingroupsintotal,startingwiththesixlargestU.S.Asianethnicgroups.Thesesixlargestgroupsaloneaccountformorethan80percentoftheAsianAmericanadultpopulation.Inthisreport,weanalyzedataonregisteredvotersfromthefollowingdetailedorigingroups:AsianIndian(274),Cambodian(59),Chinese(281),Filipino(201),Hmong(151),Korean(286),Japanese(147),Vietnamese(295),andNHPI(291).InterviewswereconductedinEnglish,aswellasintenotherlanguages(Mandarin,Cantonese,Tagalog,Hindi,Japanese,Korean,Vietnamese,Hmong,andCambodian)andonbothlandlines(72%)andmobilephones(28%).

The2016NationalAsianAmericansurveydatarevealthat:• Onpartyidentification:(page6)

o AsianAmericansaremorethantwiceaslikelytoidentifyasDemocratsthanasRepublicans.AsimilarpatternholdsforNHPIs.

o TheproportionofAsianAmericanregisteredvoterswhoidentifyasDemocratshasgrownmodestly(5percent)sincethe2008NAAS.

o Theproportionofnon-partisanregisteredAsianAmericansremainsveryhigh(morethan40%),butthisgroupappearstobeshrinkingovertime,andmanyleantowardstheDemocraticParty(page8).

• Onthepresidentialcandidates:(page12)o HillaryClintonhashighnetfavorabilityratings,whileDonaldTrumpisviewed

veryunfavorably.o IntermsofvotechoiceamongregisteredAsianAmericans,Clintonenjoysan

almost4-to-1advantageoverTrump(55%to14%).Still,morethan1in5remainundecided.

o RegisteredNHPIsalsoshowstrongsupportforClinton(43%to18%).

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o At62%amongallAsianAmericanvoters,supportforClintonismuchhigherthanthatoftheU.S.generalpopulationofallU.S.voters(45%).

o MembersofallnationalorigingroupsaremorelikelytovoteforClintonthanTrump,butthelevelofsupportvariesfrommorethan65%ofAsianIndianregisteredvoterstoabout40%ofVietnameseregisteredvoters.

o SupportforClintonishigheramongyounger(18-34)AsianAmericanregisteredvotersandalsoamongwomen.

• OnCongressionalraces:(page19)o Democratsholdmorethana2-to-1advantageoverRepublicansinCongressional

races.• AsianAmericansholdprogressiveviewsonmanyissues:(page22)

o StrongmajoritiesofAsianAmericansofeverynationaloriginsupporttheAffordableCareAct;supportisespeciallystrongamongyoungerAsianAmericans.

o Astrongmajorityalsosupportsfederalassistancetohelppayforpubliccollegetuition;restrictionsonpowerplantemissions;andthegovernmentdoingmoretogiveblacksequalrightswithwhites.

• AsianAmericansstronglyopposebanningMuslimsfromenteringtheU.S.(page28)o AsianAmericansopposeananti-Muslimbanbymorethana3-to-1marginand

allnationalorigingroupsaremorelikelytoopposethanfavorsuchaban.• AsianAmericansdemonstratemixedsupportforacceptingSyrianrefugeesintothe

UnitedStates:(page29)o ViewsonacceptingSyrianrefugeesintotheU.S.aredividedbetweensupporters

(44%)andopponents(35%).• AsianAmericansopposelegalizingmarijuana(page30)

o MoreAsianAmericansopposethansupportthelegalizationofmarijuana,withtheexceptionofAsianIndians(48%supportvs.43%oppose).

• Onethnicandsocialmedia:(page35)o Asianethnicmediaisanimportantsourceofpoliticalnews,with21%relyingon

itexclusivelyandanadditional10%relyingonamixofethnicandmainstreamAmericanmedia.TheuseofethnicmediaisespeciallyhighforChineseandVietnameseAmericans.

o AsianAmericanmillennialsandU.S.-bornAsiansaremostlikelytousesocialmediatoengageinpolitics.

• Onelectoralmobilization:(page33)o Fully70percentofAsianAmericanregisteredvoterssaythattheyhavenotbeen

contactedbyoneofthepoliticalpartiesaboutthecurrentcampaign.o Ofthosecontactedbyapoliticalcampaign,thevastmajorityhavebeen

contactedbytheDemocrats.

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BACKGROUND:AGROWINGPOLITICALFORCEAsianAmericansandPacificIslanders(AAPIs)arethefastestgrowingracialgroupintheUnitedStates,todaytotalingmorethan21million.1Thegrowthisfueledinlargepartbyimmigration.Since2008,immigrantsfromAsiahavemadeupthelargestgroupofnewimmigrantsenteringtheUnitedStates.2Between2000and2010,theAsianAmericanandPacificIslanderpopulationsgrew46%and40%,respectively,andthistrendiscontinuing;between2010and2015,thegrowthrateswere18%forAsianAmericansand13%forPacificIslanders.3Thepopulation,alreadyencompassingawide-rangeofethnicgroups,hasbecomeincreasinglydiverseovertime.Comprisedofmorethantwentydistinctethnicgroups,AsianAmericansexhibitmoresocioeconomicdiversitythananyotherU.S.racialgroup.Forexample,whileIndians,Chinese,andKoreansexhibithigherlevelsofeducationalattainmentthanallU.S.groups,includingnative-bornWhites,Cambodian,Laotian,andHmonghavelowerratesofhighschoolcompletionthanAfricanAmericansandLatinos.Today,thelargestAsianAmericangroup,ChineseAmericans(includingTaiwanese)make-uplessthanaquarter(23%)oftheoverallAsianAmericanpopulation.Indiansnowcomprise19%andFilipinos16%ofAAPIs.VietnameseandKoreans,comprisingthefourthandfifthlargestAAPIgroups,eachmake-uplessthan10%ofallAAPIsintheUnitedStates.4Atthesametime,studiesofpublicopinion,includingthisreport,showarelativelyhighlevelofcommonalityacrossdetailedorigingroups.5ThetremendousgrowthoftheAsianAmericancommunityisalsohavinganeffectontheU.S.electorate.Inthelastthreeelectioncycles,thenumberofAsianAmericanvotersgrewbymorethan600,000ineachcycle,whilethenumberofAsianAmericaneligiblevotershasgrownbymorethan1.2millionineachcycle.TheAsianAmericanelectorateisgrowingnotonlybecauseofpopulationexpansion,butalsobecausemoreAsianAmericansarenaturalizingasU.S.citizensandregisteringtovote.Areportfromthe

1 Authors’analysisof2015AmericanCommunitySurvey1-yearFiledataavailablethroughFactFinder(TablesB02011andB02012,andadjustedforoverlapinmultiracialpopulationthatincludesbothAsianandNHPI. 2Waters,MaryC.,andMarisaGersteinPineau,eds.2015.TheIntegrationofImmigrantsintoAmericanSociety.Washington,D.C.:NationalAcademiesPress.http://www.nap.edu/catalog/217463Authors’analysisof2010and2015AmericanCommunitySurvey1-yearFiledataavailablethroughFactFinderB02011andB02012.4CenterforAmericanProgressandAAPIData,“StateofAsianAmericansandPacificIslanders”(2014),availableathttp://ampr.gs/AAPIreports2014.5 See,forexample,policybriefsfromthe2012NAAShttp://naasurvey.com/presentations/andresearchsummarizedinCenterforAmericanProgressandAAPIData,“StateofAsianAmericansandPacificIslanders”(2014),availableathttp://ampr.gs/AAPIreports2014.

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CenterforAmericanProgressandAAPIDataestimatesthatAsianAmericanswillreach5%ofvotersnationallyby2025and10%ofvotersby2044.6Morerecently,therehasalsobeenarapidgrowthinthecivicinfrastructureofAAPIcommunities.Forexample,inSeptember2014,317AAPIservingorganizationsparticipatedinNationalVoterRegistrationDay,morethandoublethenumberoforganizationswhoparticipatedin2012(154).Since2014,thenumberhasmorethandoubledonceagain,with730AAPIservingorganizationsparticipatinginNationalVoterRegistrationDayinSeptember2014.7Importantly,agrowingnumberofcommunity-basedorganizationsareintegratingvoterregistrationintotheirregularactivitiesandprogramsthroughouttheyear. Althoughtodaytheyarejustabout6percentoftheU.S.populationand3percentofU.S.voters,theirpotentialinfluenceisgreatestinswingstates—likeNevada,Virginia,andNorthCarolina—wheretheyaregrowingfastest,andinlocalitiesinwhichtheymake-upmorethan10%ofthepopulation.Forexample,inNevada,theAAPIcitizenvotingagepopulation(CVAP)exhibiteda21%growthratefrom2008to2012,comparedtoan8%growthrateoverall.InVirginia,theAAPICVAPgrewnearlyfourtimesasrapidlyastheoverallCVAPbetween2008and2012.Furthermore,AAPIsmakeupmorethan10percentoftheCVAPinCaliforniaaswellasin5otherstates.Inaddition,therearemorethan70U.S.countieswhereAAPIsconstitutemorethan5percentofallvoters.In33oftheseplaces,AsianAmericanmakeupmorethan10percentoftheCVAP.Finally,thereare10congressionaldistrictsinwhichAAPIsaccountformorethan25percentoftheCVAP.8Thesecharacteristics—overallpopulationgrowth,internaldiversity,andcontributionstotheU.S.electorate—makethestudyofAAPIsessentialtounderstandingthechangingU.S.politicallandscape.Despitetheirsignificance,AsianAmericansareoftenignoredinnationalpollsandsurveys.Todate,theNationalAsianAmericanSurvey(NAAS)istheonlynationallyrepresentativeacademicsurveyofthispopulation’ssocialandpoliticalintegrationandattitudes.ThisreportincludesfindingsfromtheresultsofinterviewsconductedbytelephonefromAugust10toSeptember29,2016of2,238AsianAmericansand305NativeHawaiiansandPacificIslanders(NHPI).(Theoverallmarginoferroris+/-3.5%)WesurveyednineU.S.AsianandPacificnationalorigingroupsintotal,startingwiththesixlargestU.S.Asianethnicgroups.Thesesixlargestgroupsaloneaccountformorethan80percentoftheAsianAmericanadultpopulation.Inthisreport,weanalyzedataonregisteredvotersfromthefollowingdetailedorigingroups:AsianIndian(274),Chinese(281),Filipino(201),Korean(286),Japanese(147),

6CenterforAmericanProgressandAAPIData,“StateofAsianAmericansandPacificIslanders”(2014),availableathttp://ampr.gs/AAPIreports2014.7AnalysisbystaffatNationalVoterRegistrationDayandTheBusFederation8 APIAVote/AAPIDataStateFactSheets,availableathttp://aapidata.com/state-profiles/.NotethatestimatesaremostreliableinthestateswiththelargestAAPIpopulationsandmoreuncertaininthosewiththesmallestAAPIpopulations.SeealsoCenterforAmericanProgressandAAPIData(2014).

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andVietnamese(295).WealsosurveyedNHPIs(291),HmongAmericans(151)andCambodianAmericans(59),threeimportantgroupsthataretypicallyexcludedfromsurveysoftheAsianAmericancommunity.InterviewswereconductedinEnglish,aswellasinnineAsianlanguages(Mandarin,Cantonese,Tagalog,Hindi,Japanese,Korean,Vietnamese,Hmong,andCambodian)andonbothlandlines(72%)andmobilephones(28%).Datawereweightedbyethnicityandgender,age,stateofresidence,education,andnativity.[N.B.:FuturereportswillexaminethepolicyviewsofNativeHawaiiansandPacificIslandersingreaterdepthandcivicengagementamongnoncitizensandcitizensalike.]The2016NAASaimstoprovideanaccurateportraitoftheAsianAmericanpopulation,dispelmyths,andcorrectmisconceptionsaboutthegroup’spoliticalcharacteristics.Indoingso,2016NAASalsoshedsmuch-neededlightonAsianAmericans’positionsonthemostsignificantpoliticalissuesoftheday.

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VIEWSONTHEPARTIESPartyidentificationTherelationshipAmericanshavetotheirpoliticalpartiesisoneofthemostimportanttraditionalguidepoststoexplaininghowsomeonevotesandwhattheythinkaboutpolicymatters.Weaskedrespondentsthestandardpartyidentificationquestion,"Generallyspeaking,doyouusuallythinkofyourselfasaRepublican,Democrat,anIndependent,orintermsofsomeotherparty?"

Table1.PartyIdentificationAmongAAPIRegisteredVoters,without“leaners”9

Democrat Independent RepublicanTotalAsianAmericans 41% 41% 16%AsianIndian 53% 37% 7%Cambodian 48% 28% 24%Chinese 30% 61% 7%Filipino 41% 31% 25%Hmong 60% 36% 4%Japanese 50% 23% 27%Korean 53% 23% 24%Vietnamese 29% 47% 23%

PacificIslanders 41% 40% 17%

Male 35% 47% 17%Female 46% 36% 16%

NativeBorn 45% 38% 16%ForeignBorn 39% 43% 17%

Age18to34 44% 43% 12%35orolder 40% 40% 18%

California 40% 40% 19%Hawaii 61% 23% 14%Minnesota 58% 22% 20%NewYork 63% 28% 8%Texas 47% 32% 17%Washington 39% 51% 9%Otherstates 32% 50% 16%

9 Note:Breakdownsbygender,nativity,andageprovidedforAsianAmericansonly.MoredetailedbreakdownsonPacificIslanderswillbeincludedinafuturereportfocusingonNHPIs.

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Overall,therearethreenotablefeaturesofregisteredAsianAmericans’responsestothisquestion.First,AsianAmericansaremorethantwiceaslikelytoidentifyasDemocratsthanasRepublicans(41percentto16percent).Second,aremarkablyhighnumberchoosetoidentifyasneitherDemocratnorRepublican(41percent).Ofthe41percentwhoarenon-partisans,30percentidentifyexplicitlyasIndependents,whiletheremaindereitherindicatedthattheydidnotthinkintermsofpoliticalpartiesordidnotknowhowtoanswerthequestion.ThesefiguresareinterestingtocomparetopreviousNAASsurveysfrom2008and2012.In2008,theDemocrat-Republican-nonpartisansplitamongregisteredAsianAmericanswas36percent,19percent,and45percent,respectively;for2012,thefigureswere38percent,20percent,and42percent.ThebasicpatternofagreaterwillingnesstoidentifyasDemocratthanRepublican,andtheveryhighratesofnon-partisanshipcontinuetoholdin2016.Atthesametime,in2016,thereisaperceptiblyhighernumberofAsianAmericanswhoidentifyasDemocratsandlowernumberofnon-partisans.Thethirdnotablefeatureisthedifferenceinpartyloyaltiesbyethnicity/nationalorigin.AlloftheeightAsianAmericannationalorigingroupsinthestudyarelikeliertoidentifyasDemocratsthanasRepublicans.ThepartisandifferentialinfavorofDemocratsisgreatestamongAsianIndians(whoidentifyasDemocratsoverRepublicansbya53percentto7percentmargin)andHmongAmericans(60percentto4percent).Attheotherendofthespectrum,VietnameseAmericansaretheclosesttobeingdividedintheirpartyattachments,narrowlyfavoringDemocratsoverRepublicansbya29percentto23percentmargin.ChineseAmericansarebyfarmostlikelytoavoidaffiliatingwitheithermajorparty,at61percentofnon-partisanship.AmongNHPIsthedistributionis41%Democratto17%Republican,withabout40%non-partisan.Party-identificationpatternsamongspecificnational-origingroupsarealsochanging.Inthepast,VietnameseAmericansweretheonlyAsianAmericangroupmorelikelytoidentifyasRepublicanthanDemocrat.In2008,42%ofVietnameseAmericanregisteredvotersidentifiedasRepublican,comparedto23%in2016.Amongthisgroup,non-partisanidentifiersaregrowing.In2008,40%ofVietnameseregisteredvotersidentifiedasIndependentorclaimedthattheydid“notthinkintermsofpoliticalparties,”butthisnumberroseto47%in2016.Incontrast,amongFilipinoAmericans,identificationwiththeRepublicanPartyappearstobeincreasingslightly,butsteadilyovertime.In2008,18%ofregisteredFilipinoAmericansidentifiedasRepublicanandthisproportionhasincreasedto25%in2016.However,unlikeVietnameseAmericans,registeredFilipinoAmericansarelesslikelytoidentifyasnon-partisancomparedtointhepast(43%in2008and31%in2012).10Intermsofotherdemographicfactorsthatmightshapepartisanship,wefindafewdifferences.YoungerregisteredAsianAmericans(18to34yearsold)aresomewhatlesslikelytoidentifyasRepublicansthantheiroldercounterparts(12percentto18percent).AsianAmericanwomenaremorelikelytoidentifyasDemocratsthanAsianAmericanmen(46percentto35percent),

10Comparisonsacrosselectioncyclesformthe2008NationalAsianAmericanSurvey(authors’analysis).

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aswellaslesslikelytobenon-partisan(36percentto47percent).Therearesimilardifferencesbynativity,withUS-bornAsianAmericansmorelikelytoidentifyasDemocratsthanimmigrants(45percentto38percent)andalsolesslikelytobenon-partisan(39percentto43percent).Whilethedatashowconspicuouslyhighratesofnon-partisanship,wealsoknowthatnon-partisansoftenleaninfavorofoneparty.Whennon-partisanswereaskedaboutthis,wefindthatAsianAmericannon-partisansarealsomuchlikeliertoleantowardDemocratsthanRepublicans;ofthe41percentnon-partisans,16percentleanDemocratic,7percentleanRepublican,and18percentleantowardneitherparty.Thepartisansplitisespeciallyone-sidedamongHmong,Cambodian,andKoreanrespondents,tendingtowardsDemocratsoverRepublicansbymarginsof17to1percent,20to2percent,and17to3percent,respectively.ChineseAmericansaremostlikelytoremain"pureIndependents"(non-partisanbutchoosingnottoleantowardeitherparty)at30percent,followedbyVietnameseAmericansat25percent.Therearealsosomepatternsinpartisanleaningsbydemographicbackground.Younger(18to34yearsold)non-partisansareoverwhelminglyinclinedtosupportDemocratsoverRepublicans,bya25to3percentmargin.Amongthose35andolder,thesplitisamuchcloser13to9percentmargin.Bygender,bothmenandwomenaremorethantwiceaslikelytoleanDemocratthanRepublican.Bynativity,AsianAmericansbornintheUSaremuchlikeliertoleanDemocratthanRepublican,bya20to3percentmargin.Amongforeign-bornAsianAmericans,themarginisnarrower,at14to9percent.Whenpartisanleanersaretakenintoaccount(nextpage),theextentofDemocraticpartisanshipamongregisteredAsianAmericansisevenmorepronounced.Includingleaners,DemocratsnowoutnumberRepublicans57percentto24percent,with18percentpureIndependents.Democraticaffiliationexceedsthe50percentmarkforeveryethnic/nationalorigingroupexceptforVietnameseAmericans,whononethelessfavortheDemocraticPartybya45to29percentmargin.Democraticpartisanship,includingleaners,ishighestamongHmong(76percent),AsianIndians(71percent),Koreans(70percent),andCambodians(68percent).AmongNHPIs,Democraticpartyidentificationalsoincreaseswhenleanersareincluded(48percent).Bydemographicbackground,whenleanersareincluded,youngAsianAmericansareevenmoresupportiveoftheDemocraticParty,at70percent,withonly14percentaffiliatingwiththeRepublicanParty.EvenamongAsianAmericans35orolder,thereisadecisive52to27percentsplitbetweenthosealliedwithDemocratsandthosewithRepublicans.Also,AsianAmericanwomenstillremainmorecloselyalliedwithDemocratsthanAsianAmericanmen(61percentamongwomen;53percentamongmen).Similarly,US-bornAsianAmericansaremorecloselyalliedwithDemocratsthantheirforeign-borncounterparts(65percentand53percent,respectively).

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Table2.PartyIdentificationamongAAPIRegisteredVoters,with“leaners”11

Democrat Independent RepublicanTotalAsianAmericans 57% 18% 24%AsianIndian 71% 14% 13%Cambodian 68% 6% 26%Chinese 51% 30% 18%Filipino 52% 13% 33%Hmong 76% 18% 6%Japanese 59% 7% 34%Korean 70% 3% 27%Vietnamese 45% 25% 29%

PacificIslanders 41% 40% 17%

Male 53% 21% 25%Female 61% 15% 22%

NativeBorn 65% 15% 19%ForeignBorn 53% 19% 26%

Age18to34 70% 15% 14%35orolder 52% 19% 27%

California 55% 19% 25%Hawaii 69% 10% 19%Minnesota 66% 10% 24%NewYork 76% 13% 10%Texas 57% 14% 25%Washington 52% 20% 28%Otherstates 53% 20% 26%

PartyfavorabilityRespondentswerealsoaskedaboutfavorabilitytowardthetwoparties.(“NowI’dliketoaskyouaboutsomepeopleandorganizationswhohavebeenmentionedinthenewsrecently.Foreach,pleasetellmewhetheryouhaveaveryfavorable,somewhatfavorable,somewhatunfavorable,orveryunfavorableimpression.”)

11 Note:Breakdownsbygender,nativity,andageprovidedforAsianAmericansonly.MoredetailedbreakdownsonPacificIslanderswillbeincludedinafuturereportfocusingonNHPIs.

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Bythismeasureaswell,theheadlineremainsthestrongpositiveattachmentsAsianAmericanshavefortheDemocraticPartyand,bycomparison,theweakregardtheyholdfortheRepublicanParty.Forallregisteredvotersinoursample,60percentheldasomewhatorveryfavorableviewoftheDemocraticParty,withonly30percentwithasomewhatorveryunfavorableview.FortheRepublicanParty,29percentweresomewhatorveryfavorableand58percentweresomewhatorveryunfavorable.Whentheresponsesarelimitedtothosewhoareveryfavorable,thecontrastisevenmorepronounced.Roughly1in4AsianAmericanregisteredvotersholdaveryfavorableviewoftheDemocraticParty,withabout1in8holdingaveryunfavorableview.FortheRepublicanParty,nearly1in3holdaveryunfavorableviewwhileonly1in14holdaveryfavorableview.

Table3.PartyFavorabilityamongAsianAmericanRegisteredVoters

DemocraticPartyFavorability RepublicanPartyFavorability Unfavorable NoOpinion Favorable Unfavorable NoOpinion FavorableTotalAsianAm 30% 10% 60% 58% 13% 29%AsianIndian 22% 6% 73% 71% 9% 20%Cambodian 45% 7% 48% 48% 5% 47%Chinese 29% 13% 58% 51% 18% 31%Filipino 28% 8% 64% 53% 10% 37%Hmong 17% 8% 76% 56% 10% 35%Japanese 27% 6% 67% 62% 6% 32%Korean 30% 5% 65% 68% 9% 23%Vietnamese 49% 20% 31% 51% 20% 29% Male 32% 8% 59% 59% 10% 31%Female 29% 11% 60% 57% 16% 28% 0% NativeBorn 34% 4% 62% 69% 4% 27%ForeignBorn 28% 13% 59% 52% 17% 30% 0% Age18to34 33% 3% 64% 71% 3% 26%35orolder 29% 13% 58% 53% 17% 31%Note:Thistablecombinesvery+somewhatunfavorable/favorableThecontrastfromthisfavorabilitymeasurealsoconfirmssomeoftheethnic/nationalorigindifferenceswesawinpartisanship.HmongAmericansandAsianIndiansaremostfavorablyinclinedtowardtheDemocraticParty(with76percentand73percent,combining"somewhat"and"very"favorable,respectively),whileVietnameseAmericansaretheleastfavorable,at31percent.UnfavorabilityfortheDemocratsisalsohighamongVietnamese,at49percent.OntheRepublicanPartyside,weseethatAsianIndiansarethemostunfavorable(71percent),followedcloselybyKoreanAmericans(68percent).AmajorityofalmosteverygroupholdsanoverallunfavorableviewoftheRepublicanParty(seebelownoteonCambodianAmericans).

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Itisimportanttopointout,however,thatfavorabilityisnotthesameaspartisanshipandnotallthesefavorabilityratingslineupinparallelwithpartisanship.CambodianAmericans,forinstance,identifiedwiththeDemocratsovertheRepublicansbymorethanatwo-to-onemargin;yettheirimpressionsoftheDemocraticPartyarenearlyevenlysplitbetweenthosewhoarefavorable(48percent)andthosewhoareunfavorable(45percent).CambodianAmericansarealsotheoneAsiangroupthatisnearlyevenlysplitonitsimpressionoftheRepublicanParty,with47percentfavorableand48percentunfavorable.AnotherexampleisVietnameseAmericans,whoarethegroupthatislikeliesttoidentifywiththeRepublicanParty,yetfully51percentofVietnameseAmericansholdanunfavorableviewoftheparty.Therearealsosomeinterestingdemographicdifferencesinthesepartyfavorabilitymeasures.Notsurprisingly,youngAsianAmericansaremorelikelytobefavorabletowardtheDemocraticParty(64percent)andunfavorabletowardtheRepublicanParty(71percent)thanolderAsianAmericans(59and53percent,respectively).Whatisnotablehereisthat18-34year-oldAsianAmericansarefarmoreunfavorabletowardtheRepublicansthanthosewhoare35yearsandolder.Withgender,thedifferencesinpartyfavorabilityratingsbetweenmenandwomenaremodestwithoneexception:AsianAmericanwomenarelikeliertoholdveryfavorableimpressionsoftheDemocraticPartythanAsianAmericanmen(29percentto23percent).Withnativity,themostdistinctivefindingisthatUS-bornAsiansaremorelikelytohaveunfavorableimpressionsofbothparties(34percentwiththeDemocratand69percentwiththeRepublican)thantheirforeign-borncounterparts(29percentand53percent,forparallelcomparisons).

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VIEWSOFTHECANDIDATESANDCANDIDATECHOICE

CandidateFavorabilityWealsoaskedthesamefavorabilityquestionofBarackObamaandthetwomajorpartycandidates,DonaldTrumpandHillaryClinton.Overall,AsianAmericansweremostfavorabletowardsPresidentObama,at68percent,withClintonnotfarbehindat58percentandTrumptrailingfarbehindat23percent.Lookingattheothersideofthecoin,unfavorableimpressionswerehighestforTrumpat67percent,with35percentforClintonandonly26percentforObama.The68percentfavorabilityratingsforPresidentObamaamongAsianAmericansfarexceedshisfavorabilityinthegeneralUSpopulationwhich,accordingtothemostrecentpollaggregates,hoversjustabove53percent.ThePresident's2016favorabilityratingsalsoexceedhishighmarksamongAsianAmericanregisteredvotersin2012,whichstoodat59percent.

Table4.CandidateFavorabilityamongAsianAmericanRegisteredVoters

HillaryClinton DonaldTrump Unfavorable NoOpinion Favorable Unfavorable NoOpinion FavorableTotalAsianAm 35% 7% 58% 67% 10% 23%AsianIndian 23% 7% 71% 79% 10% 11%Cambodian 24% 3% 73% 76% 3% 21%Chinese 38% 9% 54% 67% 15% 19%Filipino 33% 4% 63% 62% 8% 30%Hmong 31% 7% 63% 80% 7% 13%Japanese 39% 5% 57% 72% 6% 22%Korean 41% 1% 58% 84% 4% 12%Vietnamese 50% 12% 38% 43% 11% 45% Male 39% 6% 55% 68% 8% 24%Female 32% 7% 61% 66% 12% 22% NativeBorn 39% 4% 57% 77% 4% 19%ForeignBorn 34% 8% 58% 62% 13% 25% Age18to34 36% 4% 60% 81% 3% 16%35orolder 35% 8% 57% 62% 13% 26% California 36% 8% 56% 62% 11% 27%Hawaii 29% 9% 62% 70% 12% 18%Minnesota 37% 8% 55% 63% 9% 28%NewYork 22% 6% 72% 73% 15% 12%Texas 32% 8% 60% 66% 11% 23%Washington 41% 3% 56% 65% 5% 29%Otherstates 40% 5% 56% 71% 7% 21%Note:Thistablecombinesvery+somewhatunfavorable/favorable

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Lookingatethnic/nationalorigindifferences,allbutonegroupholdsveryfavorableimpressionsofPresidentObama.AmongHmongAmericansandAsianIndiansthefavorabilityisespeciallyhigh,at89percentand87percent,respectively.VietnameseAmericansaretheonegroupthatseemstodisapproveofthepresident,withonly34percentholdingafavorableimpressionandfully60percentwithanunfavorableimpression.ThispatternisalsofoundwithHillaryClinton,withVietnameseAmericansastheonlygroupforwhomunfavorableimpressionsoutnumberfavorableones(50percentto38percent).TheconversepatternholdswithfavorabilitytowardsDonaldTrump.UnfavorableimpressionssubstantiallyoutnumberfavorableonesforallgroupsexceptVietnameseAmericans.AmongVietnameserespondents,45percentholdafavorableviewand43percentanunfavorableview.Therearesomerevealingdifferencesinthesefavorabilityratingsbydemographicbackground.ThedistinctviewsofyoungAsianAmericansstandoutinthecontextofthe2016election.AsianAmericans18to34yearsoldaremuchmorefavorabletowardPresidentObamathanolderrespondents(78percentto63percent),andthisgreaterapprovalisconstantamongthosewhoare"veryfavorable"(49percentto36percent).Bycontrast,withHillaryClinton,whileyoungrespondentsareveryslightlymorefavorablethanolderrespondentsoverall(60percentto57percent),theyaremuchlesslikelytobeveryfavorable(13percentto31percent).This"enthusiasmgap"amongyoungAsianAmericanswithClintonispotentiallycounterbalancedbytheirviewsonTrump.AsianAmericans18to34yearsoldarenotonlymuchmorelikelytobeunfavorableoverall(81percentto62percent),buttheyareparticularlylikelytoholdaveryunfavorableview(69percentto46percent)ofTrump.Withgender,AsianAmericanmenandwomenareaboutequallyfavorabletowardPresidentObama(68percentand67percent),butwomenaremorelikelytobeveryfavorable(42percentand37percent).ForClinton,AsianAmericanwomenarebothmorelikelytobefavorableingeneralthanmen(61percentto55percent)andmorelikelytobeveryfavorable(31percentto20percent).ForTrump,perhapsthemostnotableresultisthatthedifferencesbetweenmenandwomenareverysmalland,ifanything,AsianAmericanwomendonotholdamorenegativeviewofTrumpthanAsianAmericanmen.Finally,therearemarkeddifferencesinthesefavorabilityratingsbynativity.US-bornAsianAmericansaremuchlikeliertoviewObamafavorabilitythanthosewhoareforeign-born(77percentto62percent).Inasimilarvein,US-bornrespondentsalsoholdamuchmoreunfavorableviewofTrumpthanthosewhoareforeign-born(77percentto62percent).Thepatternsalsoholdattheextremes:US-bornarebothlikeliertobeveryfavorabletowardObamaandveryunfavorabletowardTrump,comparedtoforeign-bornAsianAmericans.WithClinton,US-bornAsianAmericansarenotonlynotmorefavorablethanforeign-born(57percentto58percent),buttheyarefarlesslikelytobeveryfavorablethanforeign-bornAsianAmericans(17percentto30percent).Thisdifferencemayreflectthefactthatnative-bornAsianAmericansareasignificantlyyoungerpopulation.

CandidateVoteChoiceOverthepast20years,AsianAmericansupportforDemocraticpresidentialcandidateshasincreasedmoredramaticallythanamonganyotherracialgroup.Accordingtonationalexitpoll

14

data,in1992lessthan1-in-3AsianAmericanvotersfavoredtheDemocraticcandidateBillClinton.By2012,thesameexitpollsourcesfoundtheincumbentDemocratBarackObamaenjoyingthevotesofnearly3-in-4AsianAmericans.Resultsfromthe2016NAASshowthatAsianAmericansremainaverysolidlyDemocraticsegmentoftheelectorate.2016PrimaryVoteThe2016presidentialprimariesandcaucusesprovidedanearlyglimpseintoAsianAmericancandidatesupport.Despitethebirthoforganizationssuchas“ChineseAmericansforTrump”and“IndianAmericansforTrump,”aspring2016surveyofAsianAmericanvotersconductedbyAPIAVote/AsianAmericanJusticeCenter,andAAPIDatashowedthatacrossallAsianAmericangroups,Democrat,andeventualpartynominee,HillaryClintonreceivedthemostsupport,followedbyDemocratBernieSanders.12The2016NAASalsoaskedrespondentshowtheyvotedintheprimaryandcaucuselections(seeTable5,nextpage).Onprimaryvoting,asolidmajority(53percent)ofAsianAmericanswhoreportedvotingintheprimariesreportedvotingforHillaryClinton,withanother22percentreportingthattheyvotedforBernieSandersandonly15percentreportingtheirsupportforTrump.Theremaining11percentindicatedtheyvotedforanothercandidate.Inshort,intheprimaries75percentofrespondentsvotedforaDemocraticcandidate.Thebreakdownofthisprimaryvotebyethnic/nationalorigingroupanddemographicbackgroundisalsoshowssomeinterestingvariation.Giventhefindingsonpartisanshipandpartyfavorability,itisnotsurprisingthatoverwhelmingnumbersofmostAsiannationalorigingroupsvotedforeitherClintonorSanders.Notably,theNAASdatadonotfindthatChineseAmericans,whodisplaythehighestlevelsofnon-partisanship,weremorelikelytoreporthavingvotedforTrump;oftheregisteredvotersintheNAASsample,TrumpsupportwashighestamongFilipinoAmericans(30percent).Therearealsosomereportedvotesthatareunexpected,givengroupcharacteristicsinpartisanshipandpartyfavorability.DespitethefactthatVietnameseAmericansarenearlysplitintheirpartyfavorabilitybetweenthetwoparties,nearlytwooutofthreereportedvotingforaDemocraticcandidate(41percentforClinton,23percentforSanders).Conversely,FilipinoAmericans,wholeanDemocraticintheirpartisanshipandpartyfavorability,werelikeliertohavevotedforTrumpintheprimariesthanVietnameseAmericans(30percentto19percent).ThismightreflectthedecreaseinDemocraticpartisanshipamongFilipinosoverthelastfewelectioncycles.Finally,whileClintonenjoyedafargreatershareoftheDemocraticvoteintheprimariesthanSanders,thisfavorisnotfoundamongallgroups:fully56percentofHmongAmericansreportvotingforSanders,comparedtoonly26percentforClinton. 12 Seeforexample,on-linemediareportsaboutAsianAmericansupportforDonaldTrumpduringthe2016electioncycle.Availableat:http://dailycaller.com/2016/09/25/meet-the-computer-engineer-who-is-getting-chinese-america-to-vote-trump/;https://www.americanbazaaronline.com/2016/01/27/dr-a-d-amar-is-president-of-new-pac-indian-americans-for-trump-2016/;See“Inclusion,NotExclusion:Spring2016AsianAmericanVoterSurvey.Availableat:http://www.apiavote.org/research/inclusion-not-exclusion

15

Table5.PrimaryVoteChoiceamongAsianAmericanRegisteredVoters

HillaryClinton

BernieSanders

DonaldTrump

Allothers

TotalAsianAm 53% 22% 15% 11%AsianIndian 60% 23% 7% 10%Chinese 52% 32% 9% 7%Filipino 45% 9% 30% 16%Hmong 26% 56% 8% 10%Japanese 63% 11% 15% 11%Korean 68% 15% 14% 3%Vietnamese 41% 23% 19% 17% Male 43% 27% 19% 1%Female 62% 18% 10% 1% NativeBorn 45% 33% 9% 1%ForeignBorn 58% 14% 19% 1% Age18to34 36% 47% 6% 1%35orolder 60% 11% 18% 0%

Intermsofdemographicbackground,thedatashowasharpdifferencebyagegroup.AsianAmericans18to34yearsoldwerefarmoresupportiveofSandersthanClinton(47percentto36percent);forthose35yearsandolder,ClintonenjoyedanevenmoreoverwhelmingadvantageoverSanders(60percentto11percent).ThegenderbreakdownshowsAsianAmericanwomenvotedmoreheavilyforDemocraticcandidatesthanAsianAmericanmen.WomenweremorelikelytovoteClintonthanmen(62percentand43percent,respectively);theywerelesssupportiveofSandersthenAsianAmericanmen(18percentand27percent,respectively).Finally,bynativity,US-bornAsianAmericanswereslightlymorelikelytohavevotedforaDemocraticcandidatethanforeign-born(78percentto72percent)andmorelikelytohavevotedforSenatorSanders(33percentto14percent).

2016PresidentialVoteChoiceThe2016NationalAsianAmericanSurvey(NAAS)providesnationaldataonAsianAmericanregisteredvoterandlikelyvoterpreferencesinthe2016GeneralElection.DemocratHillaryClintonleadsRepublicanDonaldTrumpamongallAsianAmericanregisteredvotersbymorethanathreetoonemargin(55%to14%)overallandbyatleasta2-to-1marginamongeverynationalorigingroupinoursample.Anadditional8percentfavoredsomeothercandidateand

16

23percenteitherrefusedtoanswerordidnotyetknowhowtheywouldvote.AmongregisteredNHPIs,supportforClintonisalsoquitepronounced,with37%supportingClintonand15%supportingTrump.

Table6.PresidentialVoteChoiceamongAAPIRegisteredVoters,without“leaners”13

HillaryClinton DonaldTrump Othercand Don'tknow RefusedTotalAsianAm 55% 14% 8% 16% 6%AsianIndian 67% 7% 8% 10% 8%Cambodian 47% 16% 27% 9% 1%Chinese 52% 11% 13% 15% 9%Filipino 54% 25% 5% 12% 4%Hmong 61% 7% 15% 12% 5%Japanese 54% 20% 11% 11% 5%Korean 63% 10% 6% 18% 3%Vietnamese 41% 16% 3% 34% 7% PacificIslanders 37% 15% 32% 8% 8% Male 51% 17% 11% 15% 6%Female 59% 12% 6% 16% 6% NativeBorn 57% 13% 14% 12% 5%ForeignBorn 55% 15% 5% 18% 7% Age18to34 61% 8% 14% 14% 3%35orolder 53% 17% 6% 17% 8% California 51% 16% 7% 18% 7%Hawaii 53% 11% 14% 16% 6%Minnesota 64% 10% 1% 22% 3%NewYork 73% 9% 4% 9% 6%Texas 61% 12% 6% 11% 11%Washington 57% 24% 5% 12% 2%Otherstates 54% 14% 11% 16% 5%However,therearesomenotablesub-groupdifferences.Forexample,supportforClintonishighestamongregisteredAsianIndian,HmongandKoreanAmericansandlowestamongregisteredVietnameseandCambodianAmericans.Still,supportforClintonishigherthansupportforTrumpevenamongVietnameseandCambodiansandthemoststrikingresultofthe2016NAASquestionrelatedtoPresidentialvotechoiceistheconsistentandoverwhelmingsupportforHillaryClinton.Clintonout-talliesTrumpamongVietnameseAmericansbya41percentto16percentmargin,withanotablyhigh41percentofVietnameseAmericanswhoeitherdidnotyetknowhowtheywouldvoteorrefusedtosay.Aswithpartyidentification,the 13 Note:Breakdownsbygender,nativity,andageprovidedforAsianAmericansonly.MoredetailedbreakdownsonPacificIslanderswillbeincludedinafuturereportfocusingonNHPIs.

17

marginsamongAsianIndiansandHmongAmericanswereenormous,at67percentto7percentforAsianIndiansand61percentto7percentforHmongrespondents.Thebreakoutsbydemographicbackgroundshowsomeexpectedpatterns.YoungervotersaremorelikelythanoldervoterstosupportClinton(61percentto53percent).Thereisalsomoresupportamongyoungervotersforathirdpartycandidate.Also,womenaremorelikelythanmentosupportClinton(59percentto51percent).Withnativity,themaindifferenceisinthehigherlikelihoodofUS-bornthanforeign-bornAsianAmericanstosupportathirdpartycandidate.Infact,at62%amongalllikelyAsianAmericanvoters,supportforClintonismuchhigherthanthatoftheU.S.generalpopulation(44%).14Inthegeneralelectorate,DonaldTrumpenjoyshighlevelsofsupportamongvoterswithlowlevelsofeducationalattainment.AmongAsianAmericans,thereisverylittlechangetosupportforClintonacrossalllevelsofeducation.Thelevelsofindecisionorreluctancetosharevoteintentiondoesappeartoriseatthelowestlevelsofeducationalattainment.Finally,partisanshipinfluencesvoteintentionwithvaryingstrengthforDemocratsandRepublicans.Withpartisanleanersincluded,84percentofAsianAmericanswhoidentifywithDemocratsindicatetheywillvoteforHillaryClintonandonly1percentforTrump.Bycontrast,only54percentwhoidentifywithRepublicansexpecttovoteforDonaldTrump,with12percentindicatingapreferenceforClintonand28percentwhoeitherdonotyetknoworrefusetosay.Clintonalsoenjoysastrongadvantageamongnon-partisans,witha45percentto12percentmarginbetweenClintonandTrump.Notsurprisingly,non-partisansarealsomorelikelytosaytheywillvoteforathirdpartycandidateandmorelikelytonotyetknoworrefusetosharetheirvoteintention.NotealsothattherearesomedistinctionsintermsofPresidentialvotechoiceamongthosewhoareunder35yearsofageandthose35andolder.ThosewhoareyoungerareslightlymorelikelytosupportHillaryClintonoverDonaldTrump.However,thevastmajorityofthoseover35alsoexpresssupportforClintonoverTrump,andtheagedifferenceamongAsianAmericansisnotstatisticallysignificant.About16%(closerto20%ifoneexcludesthosewhorefusedtoanswerthequestion)ofregisteredAsianAmericansclaimthattheyarestillundecidedaboutwhotheywillvoteforinthePresidentialElection.Inthisrespect,AsianAmericansdepartfromlikelyvotersintheU.S.generalpopulation.InlateSeptemberandearlyOctoberof2016,nationalpollsestimatedthat1%to5%ofregisteredvotersinthegeneralpopulationwereundecidedaboutwhichcandidatetheywouldsupportforPresident,amuchlowerproportionthanamongAsianAmerican

14Forexample,onOctober4,2016,theNewYorkTimesaggregationofpollsshowed45%ofrespondentssupportingClinton.Availableathttp://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/us/elections/polls.html

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registeredvoters.15Atthesametime,theproportionofundecidedsamongAsianAmericansin2016ismarkedlylowerthanin2012,withthe2012NAASshowingnearly40percentofAsianAmericanregisteredvoterswhowereunsureornotwillingtostatehowtheywouldvoteinthepresidentialrace.Aftertakingintoaccountundecidedswholeantowardseachcandidate(Figure1),Clinton’sadvantageoverTrumpgrowsto59%versus16%,with10%foranothercandidate.Bythismeasure,ClintonsignificantlyoutperformsTrumpamongeveryAsianethnicgroup.Figure1a.PresidentialVoteChoiceamongAsianAmericanRegisteredVoters,with“leaners”

Finally,weconductedananalysisofthelikelyvoteshareforClintonandTrumponElectionDay,assumingthattheremainingundecided(16%)breakinasimilarpatterntothosewhohaveregisteredapreference.Thisisapatternwehavefoundtobereliablein2008and2012,withthetwo-candidateshareinourpre-electionsurveysinlinewithpost-electionestimatesoftheRepublican-Democraticpresidentialvote.Inthisanalysis(seeFigure1b,nextpage),Clinton’sadvantageoverTrumpgrowsto70%versus20%,with10%foranothercandidate

15Forrecentpollsofregisteredvoters,seehttp://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/2016-general-election-trump-vs-clinton

59%

70%

51%

53%

57%

60%

53%

73%

46%

10%

9%

27%

15%

6%

23%

11%

7%

5%

16%

7%

13%

12%

27%

10%

22%

12%

20%

16%

13%

10%

20%

10%

7%

14%

7%

29%

Total

Asian Indian

Cambodian

Chinese

Filipino

Hmong

Japanese

Korean

Vietnamese

Clinton+leaners Other Candidate+leaners Donald Trump+leaners Don't know/refused

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Figure1b.PresidentialVoteChoiceamongAsianAmericanRegisteredVoters,including“leaners”andexcludingundecideds

CongressionalVoteChoiceRespondentswereasked“ThinkingabouttheupcomingNovemberelectionforHouseofRepresentativesinyourdistrict…IftheelectionwerebeingheldtodaywouldyoubeinclinedtovotefortheRepublicanorDemocraticcandidate?”ThechoiceofRepublicanandDemocratwererotatedinarandomorder.ThevoteintentionofAsianAmericansatthetopoftheticketislargelymirroredintheirexpectedvoteinCongressionalraces.55percentindicatetheywillvoteforaDemocraticcongressionalcandidateand22percentforaRepublican.TheexpectedRepublicanvoteshareinHouseracesisnotablyhigherthanTrump'svoteshareinthepresidentialrace.DemocraticcandidatesforCongressenjoyawidemarginofsupportovertheirRepublicanopponentswithallbuttwoAsianethnic/nationalorigingroups.VietnameseAmericansarenarrowlymorelikelytosupportaRepublicanthanaDemocrat(34percentto31percent),withalargeshareofundecidedvoters.FilipinoAmericansaresolidlybackingDemocraticcandidates(bythe49percentto31percentmargin),buttheedgeislessmarketthanwithothergroups.

70%

82%

53%

69%

62%

71%

63%

79%

66%

10%

10%

29%

17%

6%

19%

13%

6%

5%

20%

9%

18%

14%

32%

11%

24%

15%

28%

Total

Asian Indian

Cambodian

Chinese

Filipino

Hmong

Japanese

Korean

Vietnamese

Hillary Clinton Some other Candidate Donald Trump

20

Table7.CongressionalVoteChoiceamongAsianAmericanRegisteredVoters

Republican Democrat Someotherparty

Don'tknow Refused

Total 22% 55% 4% 16% 4%AsianIndian 9% 65% 4% 17% 5%Cambodian 20% 72% 2% 6% 1%Chinese 13% 58% 5% 15% 9%Filipino 31% 49% 3% 16% 1%Hmong 4% 75% 6% 14% 2%Japanese 30% 60% 1% 7% 2%Korean 29% 57% 3% 10% 0%Vietnamese 31% 34% 7% 24% 4% Male 22% 53% 7% 15% 4%Female 21% 56% 2% 17% 5% NativeBorn 17% 62% 7% 10% 3%ForeignBorn 24% 51% 3% 18% 5% Age18to34 14% 67% 7% 10% 2%35orolder 25% 50% 3% 18% 5% California 24% 53% 3% 16% 4%Hawaii 17% 71% 2% 9% 2%Minnesota 20% 51% 1% 29% 0%NewYork 6% 71% 8% 10% 6%Texas 21% 57% 5% 9% 8%Washington 29% 53% 3% 11% 5%Otherstates 24% 49% 6% 18% 3%Still,20%ofAsianAmericanshadnotdecidedwhichcongressionalcandidatetheywouldsupportinthe2016election.ThisrelativelylargeproportionofundecidedvoterssuggeststhatAsianAmericanvoterswouldlikelybenefitfromincreasedvotereducation,outreach,andmobilization.Intermsofdemographicbackground,themostconspicuousdifferenceisbetweenyoungerandoldervoters.AsianAmericansbetween18and34favorDemocratsoverRepublicansbya67to14percentmargin,whileamongthose35yearsandolderthemarginlessensto50percentto25percent.ThereisalmostnodifferencebetweenAsianAmericanmenandwomenintheirexpectedvoteincongressionalraces.Withnativity,moreUS-bornexpecttovoteforDemocraticcongressionalcandidates,butthisdifferencelikelyreflectsthesubstantiallylargernumberofyoungadultsamongUS-bornAsianAmericanvoters.

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MOSTIMPORTANTISSUESANDPROBLEMSThe2016NAASaskedrespondentstodescribe“themostimportantproblemfacingtheUnitedStatestoday?”and“Whichissueisthemostimportanttoyoupersonally?”Thesewereopen-endedresponsesforwhichvolunteeredanswerswerecodedintocategoriesaftermentionbyrespondents.

Figure2.MostImportantProblemFacingtheUnitedStatesandPersonally,amongAsianAmericanregisteredvoters

Likeotherracialgroups,AsianAmericansweremostlikelytomention“jobsandtheeconomy”inresponsetothisquestion.Next,AsianAmericanregisteredvotersmentioned“terrorism/nationalsecurity”,“racism/racialdiscrimination,”“government”,and“immigration”asthemostimportantproblemfacingthecountry,inthatorder.ConcernsoverracismamongAsianAmericansaredrivenbymillennialvoters,23%ofwhomrankitasoneofthemostimportantproblemsfacingtheU.S.today.Tocompare,pollstakenoverthepastyearaskinganationwidesampleofadultsthesameopen-endedquestionshowthatthemostlikelymentionsaftertheeconomytendtobesimilar,butinaslightlydifferentorder:“government,”“racerelations,””immigration,”and“terrorism/nationalsecurity.”16Incontrasttoissuesfacingthecountrygenerally,AsianAmericansaremorelikelytomention“healthcare”asthemostimportantproblemfacingthempersonally.

16Trenddataon“MostImportantProblem”availableat:http://www.gallup.com/poll/1675/most-important-problem.aspx

26%

12%

10%

5%

4%

4%

4%

3%

3%

2%

19%

7%

6%

3%

2%

7%

13%

3%

2%

3%

Economy/Jobs

Terrorism/ISIS/National Security

Racism or Racial Discrimination

Government/Broken political system

Immigration

Education

Health care

Incomes/Gap between rich and poor

Foreign Policy

Environment/Climate Change

Social security

Country Personally

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VIEWSONPOLICIESWeaskedtherespondentstheiropinionsonavarietyofissuesandpolicypreferences,includingtheAffordableCareAct,increasedfederalassistanceforcollege,acceptingSyrianrefugeesintotheUnitedStates,thelegalizationofmarijuana,banningMuslimsintotheUnitedStates,stricteradmissionsstandards,andensuringequalrightstoBlacks.WhiledifferencesemergeacrossAsianAmericangroupsonallissues,mostnotablearedifferencesbyageandnativity.Younger(18-34)andU.S.-bornAsianAmericansaredepartingfromtheirolderandforeign-borncounterpartsonissueprioritiesandpolicypreferences.Below,weprovideasummaryofthe2016NAASresultsbyissue,withfiguresthatfollow.AffordableCareActRespondentswereasked,““DoyousupportoropposethehealthcarelawpassedbyBarackObamaandCongressin2010?”(seeFigure3forresults)SixtypercentofregisteredAsianAmericanssupporttheAffordableCareAct.WhilesupportisstrongacrossallAsianAmericangroups,thegroupswhoexhibitthestrongestsupportareHmong(73%),Cambodians(71%),andAsianIndians(70%).EvenabaremajorityofhistoricallyRepublican-leaningVietnameseAmericanssupportthislaw.Wealsofindthatsupportishigheramongyounger(18-34)andnative-bornAsianAmericans.Closetothree-quarters(73%)ofyoungAsianAmericanssupporttheactcomparedto55%ofthoseaged35andolder.Moreover,67%ofnative-bornsupportthis,comparedto56%ofthosewhoareforeign-born.Adivideinsupport,however,fallsalongpartylines:82%ofDemocratssupporttheAffordableCareActcomparedtoonly22%ofRepublicans.Despitethesedifferences,themaintake-awayisthatthreeofoutfiveAsianAmericansregisteredvoterssupporttheAffordableCareAct.StrongAsianAmericansupportstandsoutagainstthemoremoderatesupportexhibitedbygeneralU.S.population;supportfortheAffordableCareActamongtheU.S.publicrisesnohigherthan45%inmostnationalpolls.17IncreasedFederalAssistanceforCollegeRespondentswereasked,“Doyousupportoropposemajornewspendingbythefederalgovernmentthatwouldhelpundergraduatespaytuitionatpubliccollegeswithoutneedingloans?”(seeFigure4forresults)Twothirds(66%)ofAsianAmericansfavorincreasingfederalsupportforcollege.Thisisslightlyhigherthanthatofregisteredvotersnationwidewhowereaskedthesamequestionaboutsupportoroppositionto“majornewspendingbythefederalgovernmentthatwouldhelpundergraduatespaytuitionatpubliccollegeswithoutneedingloans?”(61%).18WhileallAsian

17 SeeforinstanceKaiserFamilyFoundationtrackingpolls:http://kff.org/health-costs/poll-finding/kaiser-health-tracking-poll-january-2016/ 18QuinnipiacUniversityAugust2015RegisteredVoterPoll.Availableat:https://www.qu.edu/news-and-events/quinnipiac-university-poll/national/release-detail?ReleaseID=2275

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Americansgroupsevincestrongsupportforthis,Vietnamese,Cambodian,andHmongAmericans–thegroupswiththelowestratesofcollegeattendanceamongAsianAmericans–arethemostsupportive.However,IndianAmericans,whoattendcollegeatthehighestratesofanyAsianAmericangroup,alsodemonstraterelativelyhighratesofsupportforthisprogram,indicatingthatself-interestdoesnotalwaysguideAsianAmericanssupportforfederalprograms.ChineseandJapaneseregisteredvotersaretheleastsupportiveofthiskindofprogram.Wealsofinddifferencesinage,withyounger(18-34)andU.S.-bornAsianAmericansexhibitingthestrongestsupport.AmongyoungAsianAmericans,morethanfourinfive(81%)showsupport,andtheratioismorethanthreeinfour(76%)amongnative-bornAsianAmericans.BanningMuslimsfromEnteringtheUnitedStatesRespondentswereasked,“DoyousupportoropposebanningpeoplewhoareMuslimfromenteringtheUnitedStates?”(seeFigure5forresults)Only20%ofAsianAmericanregisteredvoterssupportbanningMuslimsfromenteringtheUnitedStates,while62%opposethisproposedpolicy.WhenanationalsampleofAmericanadultswasaskedthisquestioninJuneof2016,49%opposedthepolicy.19DifferencesemergeacrossAsianAmericangroups:ontheonehand,37%ofCambodiansand31%ofVietnamesesupportabanonMuslims,while,ontheother,78%ofAsianIndians,72%ofHmong,and70%ofJapaneseopposeaban.Again,wefindstrongdifferencesacrossageandnativity;79%ofyoungAsianAmericansand75%ofthosewhoareU.S.-bornopposebanningMuslimsfromenteringtheUnitedStates.Differencesalsoemergebyeducation:AsianAmericanswithnoformaleducationaremostlikelytosupportthebanat27%,whilethosewithaprofessionaldegreeareleastlikelytosupportitat17percent.Infact,73%ofAsianAmericanswithaprofessionaldegreeopposethebanningMuslimsfromtheUnitedStates.AcceptingSyrianRefugeesRespondentswereasked,“DoyousupportoropposeacceptingSyrianrefugeesintotheUnitedStates?”(seeFigure6forresults)ComparedtotheiroppositiontoabanonMuslimimmigrants,AsianAmericansaremoredividedonSyrianrefugees,bothbyethnicgroupandbyage.While44%ofAsianAmericanssupportacceptingrefugees,35%opposetheidea.HmongAmericans(74%)arethemostsupportive,andFilipinostheleast.Justoverone-thirdofFilipinos(36%)supportacceptingSyrianrefugeesintotheUnitedStates,while41%opposethis.VietnameseAmericans—apredominantlyrefugeegroupintheUnitedStates—areamongtheleastlikelytosaythey

19NBCNews/WallStreetJournalpoll.Availableat:http://www.nbcnews.com/politics/first-read/poll-majority-republicans-prefer-someone-else-trump-n599861

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supportacceptingSyrianrefugeesintotheUnitedStatesat38percent.Tocompare,aDecember2015surveyofregisteredvotersnationwideshowedthat43%supportedacceptingSyrianrefugeesintotheU.S.20AmorerecentAugust2016nationalpollofthegeneralU.S.population(notonlyregisteredvoters)conductedbytheChicagoCouncilonGlobalAffairsshowedthat36%ofAmericanssupportacceptingSyrianrefugeesintotheU.S.21Again,significantdifferencesemergebyagewithnearlythree-quarters(72%)ofyoungAsianAmericanssupportive,comparedtoonlyone-third(33%)ofAsianAmericas35andolder.LegalizingMarijuanaRespondentswereasked,“Doyousupportoropposelegalizingthepossessionofsmallamountsofmarijuanaforpersonaluse?”ThequestionofmarijuanalegalizationisontheballotinCalifornia(Prop64),whereAsianAmericansaccountforabout12%ofallvoters.(seeFigure7forresults)Justoverone-thirdofregisteredAsianAmericanssupportthelegalizationofmarijuana.Thisissignificantlylowerthantheregisteredvotersnationwide(54%),accordingtoaMay2016pollofregisteredvoters.22SupportisstrongestamongAsianIndians(48%)andweakestamongVietnamese(26%)andKoreans(29%).Onthisquestion,starkdifferencesemergebyageandnativitywith69%ofyoungAsianAmericansand64%ofU.S.-bornfavoringlegalization.Butonthewhole,AsianAmericanregisteredvotersdonotsupportthelegalizationofmarijuana.StricterEmissionsStandardsRespondentswereasked,“Doyousupportoropposesettingstricteremissionlimitsonpowerplantsinordertoaddressclimatechange?”(seeFigure8forresults)Morethanthree-quarters(76%)ofAsianAmericanssupport“settingstricteremissionlimitsonpowerplantsinordertoaddressclimatechange?”,andsupportishighacrossallethnicgroups,byage,andbynativity.AsianAmericanswhoresideinTexasandWashingtonevincethestrongestsupport,at84%and81%,respectively.Tocompare,64%ofadultsnationwidesupportedstricteremissionswhenaskedthesamequestionbythePewResearchCenterin2014.23

20QuinnipiacUniversityDecember2015RegisteredVoterPoll.Availableathttps://www.qu.edu/news-and-events/quinnipiac-university-poll/national/release-detail?ReleaseID=231221ChicagoCouncilonGlobalAffairsPoll.Availableathttps://www.thechicagocouncil.org/press-release/poll-most-americans-oppose-admitting-syrian-refugees-favor-limited-military22QuinnipiacUniversityMay2016RegisteredVoterPoll.Availableat:https://www.qu.edu/news-and-events/quinnipiac-university-poll/national/release-detail?ReleaseID=2354

23PewResearchCenter“HowAmericansviewthetopenergyandenvironmentalissues”blog.Availableat:http://www.pewresearch.org/key-data-points/environment-energy-2/

25

EnsuringEqualRightsforBlacksRespondentswereasked,“Doyousupportoropposethegovernmentdoingmoretogiveblacksequalrightswithwhites?”(seeFigure9forresults)WhiletheinterestsofAsianAmericanshasoftenbeenframedasinoppositiontoBlackAmericans,nearlythree-quarterofAsianAmericas(72%)supportthe“governmentdoingmoretogiveblacksequalrightswithwhites,”andthegroupswhoevincethestrongestsupportareCambodians(92%),Koreans(81%),andAsianIndians(80%).YoungerAsianAmericansaremoresupportive(80%)thanthose35andolder(69%),andthosewithaprofessionaldegreearemoresupportivethanthosewithnoformaleducation(72%versus63%).Despitethesedifferences,themaintake-awayhereisthatthevastmajorityofAsianAmericanssupportpoliciesthatwouldensureequalrightstoBlackAmericans.In2015,thePublicReligionResearchInstituteaskedanationalsampleofAmericanadultsasimilarquestionand47%claimed“Ourcountryneedstocontinuemakingchangestogiveblacksequalrightswithwhites.”24

24PublicReligionResearchInstitute2015AmericanValuesSurvey.Availableat:http://www.prri.org/research/survey-anxiety-nostalgia-and-mistrust-findings-from-the-2015-american-values-survey/

26

Figure3.OpinionontheAffordableCareActamongAsianAmericanRegisteredVoters

28%

23%

25%

31%

33%

13%

28%

31%

24%

12%

8%

4%

11%

12%

13%

17%

12%

19%

60%

70%

71%

59%

55%

73%

55%

58%

57%

Total

Asian Indian

Cambodian

Chinese

Filipino

Hmong

Japanese

Korean

Vietnamese

Oppose Don't Know/Refused Support

28%

25%

29%

31%

25%

26%

29%

12%

3%

16%

11%

13%

7%

15%

60%

73%

55%

58%

62%

67%

56%

Total Asian Am

Age 18-34

35 or older

Male

Female

Native Born

Foreign Born


27

Figure4.OpiniononIncreasedFederalAssistanceforCollege

amongAsianAmericanRegisteredVoters

23%

16%

11%

32%

26%

12%

32%

20%

15%

11%

14%

22%

10%

10%

7%

13%

10%

12%

66%

69%

67%

59%

64%

81%

56%

70%

73%

Total

Asian Indian

Cambodian

Chinese

Filipino

Hmong

Japanese

Korean

Vietnamese


23%

14%

27%

25%

21%

18%

26%

11%

5%

14%

10%

13%

6%

14%

66%

81%

59%

65%

66%

76%

60%

Total Asian Am

Age 18-34

35 or older

Male

Female

Native Born

Foreign Born


28

Figure5.OpiniononBanningMuslimsfromEnteringtheUnitedStates,amongAsianAmericanRegisteredVoters

62%

78%

55%

62%

65%

72%

70%

54%

40%

18%

10%

9%

17%

23%

8%

16%

17%

29%

20%

11%

37%

22%

12%

20%

14%

29%

31%

Total

Asian Indian

Cambodian

Chinese

Filipino

Hmong

Japanese

Korean

Vietnamese


62%

79%

56%

64%

61%

75%

56%

18%

6%

23%

16%

20%

9%

23%

20%

16%

21%

21%

19%

16%

21%

Total Asian Am

Age 18-34

35 or older

Male

Female

Native Born

Foreign Born


29

Figure6.OpiniononAcceptingSyrianRefugeesamongAsianAmericanRegisteredVoters

35%

28%

36%

36%

41%

17%

36%

39%

34%

21%

17%

7%

22%

24%

9%

15%

15%

27%

44%

55%

57%

43%

36%

74%

49%

46%

38%

Total

Asian Indian

Cambodian

Chinese

Filipino

Hmong

Japanese

Korean

Vietnamese


35%

19%

42%

37%

33%

24%

41%

21%

9%

25%

16%

25%

13%

24%

44%

72%

33%

47%

42%

63%

35%

Total Asian Am

Age 18-34

35 or older

Male

Female

Native Born

Foreign Born


30

Figure7.OpiniononMarijuanaLegalizationamongAsianAmericanRegisteredVoters

56%

43%

49%

58%

60%

53%

52%

62%

62%

8%

9%

4%

5%

8%

8%

7%

9%

13%

36%

48%

47%

37%

32%

39%

42%

29%

26%

Total

Asian Indian

Cambodian

Chinese

Filipino

Hmong

Japanese

Korean

Vietnamese


56%

24%

68%

50%

60%

31%

68%

8%

7%

9%

9%

8%

6%

10%

36%

69%

23%

41%

32%

64%

22%

Total Asian Am

Age 18-34

35 or older

Male

Female

Native Born

Foreign Born


31

Figure8.OpiniononSettingStricterEmissionLimitstoAddressClimateChange,amongAsianAmericanRegisteredVoters

12%

8%

6%

15%

18%

18%

14%

7%

6%

13%

13%

5%

6%

20%

16%

19%

12%

13%

76%

80%

89%

80%

62%

66%

66%

82%

82%

Total

Asian Indian

Cambodian

Chinese

Filipino

Hmong

Japanese

Korean

Vietnamese


12%

9%

13%

12%

12%

9%

13%

13%

7%

15%

11%

15%

11%

14%

76%

85%

72%

77%

74%

80%

73%

Total Asian Am

Age 18-34

35 or older

Male

Female

Native Born

Foreign Born


32

Figure9.OpiniononGovernmentDoingMoretoGiveBlacksEqualRightswithWhites,amongAsianAmericanRegisteredVoters

15%

8%

3%

21%

22%

17%

20%

14%

5%

13%

12%

5%

12%

13%

20%

19%

5%

20%

72%

80%

92%

67%

66%

63%

62%

81%

76%

Total

Asian Indian

Cambodian

Chinese

Filipino

Hmong

Japanese

Korean

Vietnamese


15%

13%

16%

15%

15%

16%

15%

13%

8%

15%

11%

15%

12%

14%

72%

80%

69%

74%

70%

73%

71%

Total Asian Am

Age 18-34

35 or older

Male

Female

Native Born

Foreign Born


33

VOTERCONTACTRespondentswereaskedwhethertheywerecontactedbythepartiesabouttheelection:“Asyouknow,thepoliticalpartiestrytotalktoasmanypeopleastheycantogetthemtovotefortheircandidate.Didanyonefromoneofthepoliticalpartiescallyouuporcomearoundandtalktoyouaboutthecampaignthisyear?”Politicalpartiesandotherorganizationstargetdifferentgroupsatdifferentrates.The2012NAASshowedabout31%ofregisteredAsianAmericanswerecontactedbythetwomajorpartiesabouttheelection.LatinosarecontactedataboutthesamerateasAsianAmericans,accordingtodatafromthe2012AmericanNationalElectionStudy(ANES).Tocompare,the2012ANESdatashowthat43%ofwhites,40%ofblacksreportedcontactbypoliticalparties.Thisdiscrepancyinmobilizationmaybeduetoseveralreasons.First,theloweroverallratesofvoterregistrationamongAsianAmericansandLatinosmakesthemlessdesirabletargetsformobilization.Second,becausefourinfiveAsianAmericanadultsareforeign-born,hailfromadiversityofnationaloriginswithdifferenthomelandlanguages,andexhibitdifferentlevelsofEnglishlanguagefluency,effectiveoutreachtoAsianAmericansinvolvesmultilingualsupport.Third,thelimitedoutreachmaybeduetoAsianAmericans’concentrationinstatesthatarenotswingstatesinPresidentialelections.Forexample,31%ofAsianAmericanslivethesolidlybluestateofCalifornia.In2016,30%ofAsianAmericanregisteredvotersreportbeingcontactedbythetwoparties.MostregisteredAsianAmericanswhoreportbeingcontactedsaythattheywerecontactedbyDemocratsalone(48%)orbothDemocratsandRepublicans(35%).Only16%ofregisteredAsianAmericanswhowerecontactedwerecontactedbytheRepublicansalone.Notably,about20%ofAsianAmericanswhowerecontactedwerecontactedinalanguageotherthanEnglishorinbothEnglishandanotherlanguage,indicatingthatbothpartiesaremakinggreatereffortstoreachouttoAsianAmericanimmigrantsinadiversityoflanguages.

34

Figure7a.ElectoralContactbyPoliticalPartiesamongAsianAmericanRegisteredVoters

Figure7b.PartyWhoContactedRegisteredVoter(amongthosereportingcontact)

70%

64%

75%

68%

70%

76%

67%

72%

83%

30%

36%

25%

32%

30%

25%

33%

28%

17%

Total

Asian Indian

Cambodian

Chinese

Filipino

Hmong

Japanese

Korean

Vietnamese

No Yes

48%

16%

35%

1%

Democratic Party

Republican Party

Both Parties

Other Party

35

IMPORTANCEOFETHNICMEDIAAsianAmericanshaveamongthehighestratesoflimitedEnglishproficiency(35%)and77%speakalanguageotherthanEnglishathome.25Consequently,itisimportanttogaugetheextenttowhichAsianAmericanregisteredvotersgettheirpoliticalnewsfrommainstreamorethnicnewssources.Respondentswereasked:“Thinkingaboutnews,whichofthefollowingsourceswouldyousayyouusetogetnewsaboutpoliticsintheUnitedStates?”Choicesincluded“newspapers,radio,television,Internetandsocialmedia,friendsandfamily,andcommunityorganizationsandleadersinmycommunity.”Next,forthosewhoselectednewspapers,radioandtelevisionweaskedrespondentsifthesourceswereAsianorethnic-oriented(wealsoallowedthemtosaythattheyconsumedbothmainstreamandethnicnewsfromthatparticulartypeofsource).Thereareimportantdifferencesthatemergebynationalorigin,asChineseAmericansandVietnameseAmericansarethosemostlikelytobeexclusiveconsumersofAsianmedia,regardlessofthetypeofsource.(seeFigures8and9,nextpage)NewsMediaWhileAsianAmericansturntotelevisionandfamilyandfriendsforpoliticalinformation,theyaremostlikelytorelyontheinternetandsocialmediaastheirnewssource;two-thirds(66%)ofAsianAmericanregisteredvotersgetatleast“amoderateamount”oftheirpoliticalinformationthroughtheinternetandsocialmedia,andthisfiguresskyrocketsto77%ofU.S.-bornAsiansand89%ofyoungAsianAmericans.Evenamongtheforeign-born,61%relyontheinternetandsocialmediaforpoliticalinformation.Inaddition,while53%ofAsianAmericansgetatleast“amoderateamount”oftheirpoliticalinformationfromtelevision,only46%youngAsianAmericansrelyontelevisionasapoliticalnewssource.ThesefiguressuggestthatinordertoeffectivelyreachAsianAmericanregisteredvoters—andespeciallyyoungAsianAmericans—partiesshouldstronglyconsiderusingoutreachthroughsocialmediaplatforms.EthnicMediaAsianethnicmediaisanimportantsourceofpoliticalnews,with21%relyingonitexclusivelyandanadditional10%relyingonamixofethnicandmainstreamAmericanmedia.Thereiswidevariationacrossethnicgroups.Forexample,39%ofVietnamese,34%ofChinese,and33%ofKoreansrelyexclusivelyonethnicmediaasanewssourceforpoliticalinformation.Bycontrast,only4%ofAsianIndians,6%ofJapanese,and7%ofFilipinosdothesame.Theseintra-groupdifferencescanbeexplainedbybothEnglish-languagefluencypriortoimmigrationforAsianIndiansandFilipinos,andgenerationalstatusamongJapaneseAmericans.Moreover,starkdifferencesemergewithrespecttoageandnativity,withonly7%ofyoungAsian 25 CenterforAmericanProgressandAAPIData,“StateofAsianAmericansandPacificIslanders”(2014),availableathttp://ampr.gs/AAPIreports2014.

36

Americansrelyingonethnicmediaasourceofpoliticalinformation,andonly5%ofU.S.-bornAsiansdoingso.

37

Figure8.SourcesofPoliticalInformation,AsianAmericanregisteredvoters

Figure9.PoliticalNewsSource,EthnicandMainstreamMedia

47%

26%

18%

10%

12%

24%

19%

31%

8%

19%

27%

22%

19%

20%

30%

19%

25%

16%

13%

23%

24%

26%

24%

28%

19%

18%

23%

22%

23%

36%

45%

43%

18%

43%

26%

53%

Internet & Social Media

Television

Radio

Magazines

Community Orgs+Leaders

Family/Friends*

* Older Generation

* Same Generation

* Younger Generation

A lot + A great deal A moderate amount A little None at all

21%

4%

18%

34%

7%

10%

6%

33%

39%

10%

7%

2%

11%

12%

17%

2%

10%

13%

69%

90%

80%

55%

81%

72%

92%

57%

48%

Total Asian Am

Asian Indian

Cambodian

Chinese

Filipino

Hmong

Japanese

Korean

Vietnamese

Ethnic media Both ethnic and mainstream Mainstream

38

PoliticalEngagementviaSocialMediaNotonlydoAsianAmericansgetpoliticalinformationthroughtheinternetandsocialmedia,theyalsousethesetoengagewithpoliticalissues.Respondentswereasked,“Inthelast12months,haveyou…postedorcommentedaboutpoliticsonsocialmedia,likeFacebook,Twitter,WeChat(forChineseAmericanrespondents)orKakaoTalk(forKoreanAmericanrespondents)?”One-quarterofregisteredAsianAmericanvoters(26%)haveengagedwithapoliticalissueonsocialmedia.Amongnative-bornAsians,thefigurereaches44%,andamongyoungAsianAmericans,thefigureisevenhigherat50percent.Thereissomeethnicvariationwith34%ofFilipinosand33%ofAsianIndiansshowingthehighestlevelsofpoliticalengagementviasocialmedia,andJapaneseAmericansatthelowestat13percent.

Table8.PoliticalEngagementOnSocialMediaamongAsianAmericanRegisteredVoters

TotalAsianAm 26%AsianIndian 33%Cambodian 23%Chinese 23%Filipino 34%Hmong 29%Japanese 13%Korean 18%Vietnamese 22% Male 18%Female 23% NativeBorn 5%ForeignBorn 29% Age18to34 7%35orolder 26%

39

CONCLUSIONAstheAsianAmericanpopulationgrowsinnumberanddiversity,theirpoliticalparticipationwillbecomeincreasinglyimportanttostudyandunderstand.ThisreportrepresentsawindowintowhatwemightanticipatefromAsianAmericansduringthe2016PresidentialElection,andweclosewithsomeimportanttakeaways.First,acrossallnationalorigingroups,AsianAmericansdemonstratestrongsupportforHillaryClintonoverDonaldTrump,andasawhole,thepreferenceisalmostfourtoone:ClintonoverTrump.NHPIsalsofavorClinton,withslightlystrongersupportforTrumpthantheirAsianAmericancounterparts.Second,asagroup,AsianAmericansandNHPIscontendthat“jobsandtheeconomy,”“terrorism/nationalsecurity”and“racism/racialdiscrimination”arethemostimportantissuesfacingtheUnitedStatestoday.Nearlyone-quarter(23%)ofAsianAmericanmillennials(betweentheagesof18and34)statethatracismisthemostimportantproblemfacingthecountry.Third,onmanyofthemostimportantissuesoftheday,includingthehealthcare,federalspendingoncollegeloans,emissionrestrictions,andfederalinterventiontoensureracialequality,AsianAmericansalignmostsquarelywiththeDemocraticpoliticalagenda.Closetothree-quarters(72%)ofallAsianAmericanssupportthegovernmentdoingmoretogiveblacksequalrightswithwhites.Further,AsianAmericansrejectbanningMuslimsfromenteringthecountry,oneofthemostcontroversialpositionsvoicedbyRepublicannomineeDonaldTrumpduringthe2016Presidentialcampaignseason.Fourth,onthepressingissuesofSyrianrefugeeresettlement,thereisvariationinsupport;someAsianAmericansarewelcoming,whileotherstakeamoreexclusionaryline.Thesefindingsmayreflectthepowerofdivisiverhetoricthathascharacterizedthecurrentelectioncycle.Fifth,asawhole,the2016NAASrevealsstrongersupportamongAsianAmericansandNHPIsfortheDemocraticthanRepublicanParty,andthistrendremainsrobust.EventhoseAsianAmericanswhoclaimtobenon-partisantendtoleanmostlyDemocratic.However,becausemanyAsianAmericansareunwillingtoidentifydecisivelywithoneofthetwomajorparties,theirfutureloyaltytoeitherpartyisnotassured.Sixth,AsianAmericanshighlighttheneedformultilingualandmultiethnicpoliticaleducationandcommunicationintheUnitedStates.FouroutoffiveAsianAmericanadultsareforeign-born,sonotsurprisingly,asignificantproportionofAsianAmericansrelyonethnicmediaforinformationaboutpolitics.Younger(18-25)andU.S.-bornAsianAmericansalsorelyonsocialmedia,whichrepresentsanotheropportunitytoreachthisgrowingpopulation.

40

Finally,forAsianAmericansandNativeHawaiians/PacificIslanders,thepoliticalpathisnotuniform,but,rather,dependsonnationalorigin,age,andnativity.Perhapsevenmoreimportantly,theyaremuchlesslikelytobemobilizedtoparticipateinpoliticsthanmostAmericans.Ratherthanpresentthisgroupasapassivepoliticalprize,the2016NAASdatahighlightstheirownvoicesandincreasinglyimportantpoliticalpositionintheU.S.politicalsystem.

41

APPENDIXA.Aboutthe2016NAASThesamplesizesbyethnicityareasfollows,alongwithanestimationofthemaximummarginoferrorassociatedwitheachsamplesize(inparentheses):Total:1,694(+/-3.5%)AsianIndian:274(+/-5.9%)Chinese:281(+/-5.8%)Filipino:201(+/-6.9%)Japanese:147(+/-8.1%)Korean:286(+/-5.8%)Vietnamese:295(+/-5.7%)Hmong:151(+/-8.0%)Cambodian59(+/-12.7%)SamplingerrorfromthesizeofoursampleisonlyonetypeoferrorpossibleinsurveysliketheNAAS2016.Findingsmayalsobesubjecttovariationfromquestionwording,questionorder,andthetimeanddatewhenthesurveywasconducted.ThefindingsinthisreportareweightedstatisticallytoaccountforanydemographicdifferencesofinterestbetweenthesampleandpopulationparametersforanalysesofthenationalAsianAmericanpopulation,aswellasforsubgroupsofthepopulation,onthefollowingdimensions:sizeofgroupwithinastate,educationalattainment,genderandnativity.The2016NationalAsianAmericanSurveyisatelephonesurveythattookplacefromAugust10toSeptember29,2016.Thesurveyinstrumentincludedquestionsaboutcivicandpoliticalissues,extentofcivicandpoliticalinvolvement,partyaffiliation,votingbehavior,andarangeofothertopics.Demographicinformationincludedage,race,language,gender,countryofbirth,religion,maritalstatus,educationallevel,employmentstatus,citizenshipstatus,householdincome,andsizeofhousehold.Theoveralllengthoftheinterviewwasapproximately25minutes.ThestudyincludedadultsintheUnitedStateswhoidentifyanyfamilybackgroundfromcountriesinAsia.Surveyinterviewswereconductedin10languages(English,Cantonese,Mandarin,Korean,Vietnamese,Tagalog,Japanese,Hindi,Hmong,Cambodian)–chosenaccordingtotheinterviewee’spreference.Thesurveyincluded9nationalorigingroups(Chinese,Filipino,Indian,Vietnamese,Korean,Japanese,Hmong,Cambodian,andNativeHawaiianPacific/Islander).45%ofinterviewswereconductedinalanguageotherthanEnglish.Theprimarysamplingstrategywastointerviewindividualsdrawnfromarandomselectionofrespondentsinalistedsamplestratifiedbyraceandnationalorigin.ListedsamplesavailablefromCatalistusingregisteredvoterandcommercialvendorsamplesandclassifiedforethnicity

42

byname,listedracewhereapplicable,andtract-levelethnicconcentration.InterviewswereconductedbyISA(InterviewingServicesofAmerica),locatedinVanNuys,CA.

43

APPENDIXB.SURVEYINSTRUMENT

MODULES:SCREENER

S3[ASKONLYOFASIANANDLATINO/HISPANICSAMPLES]AreyoucomfortablecontinuingthisconversationinEnglish?m Yes(1)m No(2)S4[IFS3=2]Wouldyoupreferwetalkinanotherlanguage?m Mandarin(1)m Cantonese(2)m Korean(3)m Vietnamese(4)m Hindi(5)m Tagalog(6)m Japanese(7)m Hmong(8)m Cambodian(9)m Laotian(10)m Spanish(11)m Someotherlanguage(SPECIFYIFKNOWN)______________(12)[TERMINATE]S5Justtobesure,areyou18yearsorolder?m Yes(1)m No(2)[TERMINATE]S5AAndforstatisticalpurposesonly,areyoubelowage35,orage35andabove?m Belowage35(1)[HIDDENVARIABLEYOUTH=1]m 35orabove(2)[HIDDENVARIABLEYOUTH=0]m Refused(99)[TERMINATE]S6CONSENTS7Whatisyourgender?m Male(1)m Female(2)m Somethingelse(3)m Refused(99)[TERMINATE]S8.Whatisthehighestdegreeorlevelofschoolingyouhavecompleted?m Noschoolingcompleted(1)

44

m Someschooling,nohighschooldegree/GED(2)m Highschooldegree/GED(3)m Somecollege,butnodegree(4)m CollegedegreeorBachelor’sdegree(5)m Graduateorprofessionaldegree(6)m Don’tKnow(88)[TERMINATE]m Refused(99)[TERMINATE]S9.WereyoubornintheUnitedStatesorwereyouborninanothercountry?

• UnitedStates(1)[HIDDENVARIABLECITIZEN=1]• Anothercountry(2){HIDDENVARIABLEFORBORN=1}• Refused(99)[TERMINATE]

S10.1DoyouconsideranypartofyourbackgroundtobeAsianorAsian-American,suchasChinese,Filipino,Indian,orPacificIslanderlikeNativeHawaiianorSamoan?{IFTHEYONLYSAY“YES,”ASK“WHICHGROUP?”IFTHEYIDENTIFYWITHMORETHANONEGROUP,ASK“WHICHGROUPDOYOUIDENTIFYWITHMOST”?}[HIDDENVARIABLERACE=ASIANORASIANAMERICANIFS10.1=1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,23][HIDDENVARIABLERACE=PACIFICISLANDERIFS10.1=12,13,16,25][HIDDENVARIABLENHPI=1IFS10.1=12,13,16,25][HIDDENVARIABLERETHNIC=S10.1]

45

q Bangladeshi(1)[TERMINATE]q Cambodian(2)q Chinese(3)q Filipino(4)q Hmong(5)q Indian(6)q Japanese(7)q Korean(8)q Laotian(9)q Pakistani(10)[TERMINATE]q Vietnamese(11)q NativeHawaiian(12)[HIDDEN

VARIABLENHPI=1IFONLY12CHECKED]

q Samoan(13)[HIDDENVARIABLENHPI=1IFONLY13CHECKED]

q Noneoftheabove/NotAsianorPacificIslander(0)

q Bhutanese(14)[TERMINATE]q Burmese(15)[TERMINATE]q Fijian(16)[HIDDENVARIABLENHPI=1IF

ONLY16CHECKED]q Indonesian(17)[TERMINATE]q Malaysian(18)[TERMINATE]q Mongolian(19)[TERMINATE]q Nepali(20)[TERMINATE]q Singaporean(21)[TERMINATE]q SriLankan(22)[TERMINATE]q Taiwanese(23)q Thai(24)[TERMINATE]q Tongan(25)[HIDDENVARIABLENHPI=1

IFONLY25CHECKED]q OtherAsian(30)

_________________{ASKIFUNSURE;ENTERINENGLISH}[TERMINATE]

q Don’tKnow(88)[TERMINATE]q Refused(99)[TERMINATE]

46

S10.2[IFS10.1=0]Whatracialorethnicgroupsdescribeyou?{DONOTACCEPTDK,REF,TERMINATEIFRESPONDENTINSISTSONDK,REF}{Chooseallthatapply}[IFMORETHANONECHOICE,HIDDENVARIABLERACEANDRACESCODEDINS10.3]q White(3)[RACE=WHITE,RACES=”WHITES”]q Black(4)[RACE=BLACK,RACES=”BLACKSORAFRICANAMERICANS”]q AfricanAmerican(5)[RACE=AFRICANAMERICAN,RACES=”BLACKSORAFRICAN

AMERICANS”]q HispanicorLatino(6)[RACE=LATINO,RACES=”HISPANICSORLATINOS”]q AsianorAsianAmerican(1)[RACE=ASIANAMERICAN,RACES=”ASIANAMERICANS”]q NativeHawaiianorPacificIslander(2)[RACE=PACIFICISLANDER,RACES=”PACIFIC

ISLANDERS”][NHPI=1]q NativeAmericanorAmericanIndian(7)[RACE=NATIVEAM,RACES=”NATIVEAMERICANS”]q Multi-racial,Mixed(9){DONOTREAD}[RACE=MULTIRACIAL,RACES=”MULTIRACIAL

AMERICANS”]q Don’tKnow(88)[TERMINATE]q Refused(99)[TERMINATE]S10.3[IFS10.2HASMORETHANONECHOICE,BUTDONOTASKIFS10.2=9]Whichracialgroupdoyoumostidentifywith?q White(3)[RACE=WHITE,RACES=”WHITES”]q Black(4)[RACE=BLACK,RACES=”BLACKSORAFRICANAMERICANS”]q AfricanAmerican(5)[RACE=AFRICANAMERICAN,RACES=”BLACKSORAFRICAN


ISLANDERS”][NHPI=1]q NativeAmericanorAmericanIndian(7)[RACE=NATIVEAM,RACES=”NATIVEAMERICANS”]q Multi-racial(9){DONOTREAD}[RACE=MULTIRACIAL,RACES=”MULTIRACIAL

AMERICANS”]q Don’tKnow(88)[TERMINATE]q Refused(99)[TERMINATE]S10.6[IFRACE=ASIANAMERICANORPACIFICISLANDERANDIFS10.3NOTASKED]Inadditiontoyour[RETHNIC]background,isthereanyotherracialgroupthatdescribesyou?{DONOTREADLIST}q No,nootherracialorethnicgroupsdescribeme(0)

[LINEBREAK]

q AsianorAsianAmerican(1)q NativeHawaiianorPacificIslander(2)q White(3)

47

q Black(4)q AfricanAmerican(5)q Latino(6)q NativeAmericanorAmericanIndian(7)q Somethingelse_________{ENTERINENGLISH}(9)q Don’tKnow(88)q Refused(99)S10.6A[IFS10.6=3,4,5,6,7]Whichracialgroupdoyoumostidentifywith?q White(3)[RACE=WHITE,RACES=”WHITES”]q Black(4)[RACE=BLACK,RACES=”BLACKSORAFRICANAMERICANS”]q AfricanAmerican(5)[RACE=AFRICANAMERICAN,RACES=”BLACKSORAFRICAN


ISLANDERS”][NHPI=1]q NativeAmericanorAmericanIndian(7)[RACE=NATIVEAM,RACES=”NATIVEAMERICANS”]q Multi-racial(9){DONOTREAD}[RACE=MULTIRACIAL,RACES=”MULTIRACIAL

AMERICANS”]S10.7.[IFRACE=LATINO]FamiliesofHispanicorLatinooriginorbackgroundintheUnitedStatescomefrommanydifferentcountries.FromwhichcountrydoyoutraceyourLatinoheritage?S10.8[IFS10.7HASMORETHANONERESPONSE]“Whichcountrydoesmostofyourfamilycomefrom?”S10.9[IFS10.7=UNITEDSTATESORS10.8=UNITEDSTATES]DoyoutraceyourLatinoheritage,howevermanygenerationsback,toanycountryotherthantheU.S.?[ACCEPTMULTIPLERESPONSES]{TWOCOLUMNS}1Argentina2Bolivia3Chile4Colombia5CostaRica6Cuba7DominicanRepublic8Ecuador9ElSalvador10Guatemala11Honduras

48

12Mexico13Nicaragua14Panama15Paraguay16Peru17PuertoRico18Spain19Uruguay20Venezuela23(DONOTREAD)U.S.A.88Don’tKnow99Refused[HIDDENVARIABLE]

41. RETHNICMEXICAN=1IFS10.7=12ONLY;S10.8=12;orS10.9=12ONLY42. RETHNIC=ARGENTINIANIFS10.7=1ONLY;S10.8=1;orS10.9=1ONLY43. RETHNIC=BOLIVIANIFS10.7=2ONLY;S10.8=2;orS10.9=2ONLY44. RETHNIC=CHILEANIFS10.7=3ONLY;S10.8=3;orS10.9=3ONLY45. RETHNIC=COLOMBIANIFS10.7=4ONLY;S10.8=4;orS10.9=4ONLY46. RETHNIC=COSTARICANIFS10.7=5ONLY;S10.8=5;orS10.9=5ONLY47. RETHNIC=CUBANIFS10.7=6ONLY;S10.8=6;orS10.9=6ONLY48. RETHNIC=DOMINICANIFS10.7=7ONLY;S10.8=7;orS10.9=7ONLY49. RETHNIC=ECUADORANIFS10.7=8ONLY;S10.8=8;orS10.9=8ONLY50. RETHNIC=SALVADORANIFS10.7=9ONLY;S10.8=9;orS10.9=9ONLY51. RETHNIC=GUATEMALANIFS10.7=10ONLY;S10.8=10;orS10.9=10ONLY52. RETHNIC=HONDURANIFS10.7=11ONLY;S10.8=11;orS10.9=11ONLY53. RETHNIC=NICARAGUANIFS10.7=13ONLY;S10.8=13;orS10.9=13ONLY54. RETHNIC=PANAMANIANIFS10.7=14ONLY;S10.8=14;orS10.9=14ONLY55. RETHNIC=PARAGUAYANIFS10.7=15ONLY;S10.8=15;orS10.9=15ONLY56. RETHNIC=PERUVIANIFS10.7=16ONLY;S10.8=16;orS10.9=16ONLY57. RETHNIC=PUERTORICANIFS10.7=7ONLY;S10.8=17;orS10.9=17ONLY58. RETHNIC=SPANISHIFS10.7=18ONLY;S10.8=18;orS10.9=18ONLY59. RETHNIC=URUGUYANIFS10.7=19ONLY;S10.8=19;orS10.9=19ONLY60. RETHNIC=VENEZUELANIFS10.7=20ONLY;S10.8=20;orS10.9=20ONLY

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MODULE1:IMMIGRANTBACKGROUND

Q1.1Nowwe'dliketoknowjustabitaboutyourbackgroundandfamilyhistory.WasyourmotherbornintheUnitedStates?["mainlandUnitedStates"ifNHPIorRETHNIC=PUERTORICAN]m Yes(1)m No(2)m Don’tKnow(88)m Refused(99)Q1.2AndwasyourfatherbornintheUnitedStates?["mainlandUnitedStates"ifNHPIorRETHNIC=PUERTORICAN]m Yes(1)m No(2)m Don’tKnow(88)m Refused(99)Q1.3A[IFRACE=ASIANAMERICANANDFORBORN=1]Andwhatcountrywereyoubornin?["Whatcountryorterritory"ifNHPI][CREATEHIDDENVARIABLECOUNTRYFORALLVALUESEXCEPT2,DK,REF][TWOCOLUMNS;NOTELAYOUTBELOW]m UnitedStates(0)[FORBORN=0}

[HIDDENVARIABLECITIZEN=1;VARIABLEFORBORN=0(NATIVE)][HIDDENVARCOUNTRY=UNITEDSTATES]

m PuertoRico{FORBORN=0}(1)[HIDDENVARIABLECITIZEN=1;VARIABLEFORBORN=0(NATIVE)][HIDDENVARCOUNTRY=UNITEDSTATES]

m Hawaii{FORBORN=0}(2)[HIDDENVARIABLECITIZEN=1;VARIABLEFORBORN=0(NATIVE)][HIDDENVARCOUNTRY=UNITEDSTATES]

m Bangladesh(3)m Bhutan(4)m Burma/Myanmar(5)m Cambodia/Kampuchea(6)m China(People’sRepublicofChina)(7)m India(8)m Indonesia(9)

m Japan(10)m Korea(11)m Laos(11)m Malaysia(13)m Maldives(14)m Nepal(15)m NorthKorea(16)m NorthVietnam(17)m Pakistan(18)m Philippines(19)m Samoa(20)m Singapore(21)m SouthKorea(22)m SouthVietnam(23)m SriLanka/Ceylon(24)m Taiwan(25)m Thailand/Siam(26)m Vietnam(27)m Other(28)____________________

{WRITEINENGLISH}m DK(88)m REF(99)

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Q1.3B[IFRACE=LATINOANDFORBORN=1]Andwhatcountrywereyoubornin?[CREATEHIDDENVARIABLECOUNTRYFORALLVALUESEXCEPT2DK,REF][TWOCOLUMNS;NOTELAYOUTBELOW]m UnitedStates(0)[FORBORN=0}

[HIDDENVARIABLECITIZEN=1;VARIABLEFORBORN=0(NATIVE)]

m PuertoRico{FORBORN=0}(1)[HIDDENVARIABLECITIZEN=1;VARIABLEFORBORN=0(NATIVE)]

m Hawaii{FORBORN=0}(2)[HIDDENVARIABLECITIZEN=1;VARIABLEFORBORN=0(NATIVE)][HIDDENVARCOUNTRY=UNITEDSTATE]

4Argentina5Bolivia6Chile7Colombia8CostaRica9Cuba10DominicanRepublic11Ecuador12ElSalvador13Guatemala14Honduras

15Mexico16Nicaragua17Panama18Paraguay19Peru20PuertoRico21Spain22Uruguay23Venezuela24(DONOTREAD)U.S.A.25OTHER_______{WRITEINENGLISH}88Don’tKnow99Refused

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Q1.4[FORBORN=1ONLY]AndareyoucurrentlyaU.S.citizen,oronavisa,greencard,orsomethingelse?m USCitizen(1)[HIDDENVARIABLECITIZEN=1,HIDDENVARIABLENATURALIZED=1]m Visa(2)[HIDDENVARIABLECITIZEN=0,HIDDENVARIABLENATURALIZED=0]m GreenCard(3)[HIDDENVARIABLECITIZEN=0,HIDDENVARIABLENATURALIZED=0]m Somethingelse(4)[HIDDENVARIABLECITIZEN=0;HIDDENVARIABLENATURALIZED=0]m Don'tKnow(88)[HIDDENVARIABLECITIZEN=0,HIDDENVARIABLENATURALIZED=0]

MODULE2:LIFEPRIORITIESANDIDENTITYSALIENCE

[TIMER][IFASIAN50=1]Q2.1Next,herearesomegoalspeoplevalueintheirlives.Pleasetellmehowimportanteachofthefollowingistoyoupersonally:extremelyimportant,veryimportant,somewhatimportant,ornotimportant.Extremelyimportant(1) Veryimportant(2)Somewhatimportant(3)orNotatallimportant(4) Don’tKnow/Refused(88)a.Beingsuccessfulinahigh-payingcareerorprofessionb.Livingaveryreligiouslifec.Havinglotsoffreetimetorelaxordothingsyouwanttodod.Helpingotherpeoplewhoareinneede.OwningyourownhomeQ2.2[TIMER][ASKIFRACE=ASIANORNHPIORBLACKORAFRICANAMERICANORLATINOORMULTIRACIAL]Howimportantisbeing_____toyouridentity?Wouldyousayitisextremelyimportant,veryimportant,moderatelyimportant,alittleimportant,ornotimportantatall?[RANDOMIZECHOICES,ALWAYSENDWITH4,ANDINSERTINTOQUESTIONSA-DBELOW]RACE(1)RETHNIC[IFRACE=ASIANAMERICANORNHPIORLATINO](2)GENDER(3)AMERICAN(4)

A. Howimportantisbeing________toyouridentity?

B. Howimportantisbeing_____toyouridentity?

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C. Howimportantisbeing_____toyouridentity?

D. Howimportantisbeing_____toyouridentity?Extremelyimportant(1) Veryimportant(2)Somewhatimportant(3)orNotatallimportant(4) Don’tKnow/Refused(88)Q2.3 [IFASIAN50=1]Next,I’dlikeyoutothinkaboutthequalitiesthatyouthinkmakeagoodleader.Pleasetellmewhichisclosertoyourview:[ROTATECHOICES]{READ}

A. Agoodleadershouldhaveadegreefromatop-universityorcollege(01)OR

Agoodleadershouldhavesignificantworkexperience(02)[ROTATECHOICES]{READ}Again,pleasetellmewhichisclosertoyourview:B.AgoodleadershouldscorewellonstandardizedtestsliketheSAT(01)

ORAgoodleadershouldbeabletounderstandtheemotionalneedsofothers(02)

MODULE3:INFORMATIONABOUTPOLITICS

Q3.1NowI’dliketoaskaboutyourviewsoncurrentissues.Howinterestedareyouinpolitics–veryinterested,interested,somewhatinterested,ornotatallinterested?m Veryinterested(1)m Interested(2)m Somewhatinterested(3)m Notatallinterested(4)m Don’tKnow(88)m Refused(99)Q3.2Thinkingaboutnews,howmuchattentiondoyoupaytonewsaboutpoliticsintheUnited

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Statesfromthefollowingsources,agreatdeal,alot,amoderateamount,alittle,andnoneatall: {RESPONSES:Agreatdeal(4),alot(3),amoderateamount(2),alittle(1),andnoneatall(0)DK(88),REF(99)}{READCHOICES,SELECTALLTHATAPPLY} Magazines 0

Newspapers 1 Radio 2 Television 3 Internetandsocialmedia 4 Friendsandfamily 5 Communityorganizationsandleadersinmycommunity 6Q3.2A[IFQ3.2.5=4,3,2,1]Youmentionedthatyougetinformationaboutpoliticsfromfriendsandfamily.Pleaseletmeknowifthisincludesinformationfromanyofthefollowing:agreatdeal,alot,amoderateamount,alittle,andnoneatall {RESPONSES:Agreatdeal(4),alot(3),amoderateamount(2),alittle(1),andnoneatall(0)DK(88),REF(99)}

Someonefromayoungergeneration,likeachild,nepheworniece(1) Someoneinyourgenerationlikeaspouse,sibling,orcousin(2)

Someoneinanoldergenerationlikeaparent,aunt,uncleorelder(3)Don’trecallordon’tknow(88)Ref(99)

Q3.3A[IFRACE=ASIANAMERICAN][IFTELEVISION=1,2,3,4orIFRADIO=1,2,3,4orIFNEWSPAPERS=1,2,3,4]Forinformationaboutpolitics,wouldyousayyougetthemostinformationfrom[RETHNICORASIANAMERICAN]TV,radio,andnewspapers,orfromMAINSTREAMAmericanTV,radio,andnewspapers?RETHNICorAsianAmericanmore(01)MainstreamAmericanmore(02)Bothequally{DONOTREAD}(03)Don’tKnow(88)Refused(99)Q3.3B[IFRACE=PACIFICISLANDER][IFTELEVISION=1,2,3,4orIFRADIO=1,2,3,4orIFNEWSPAPERS=1,2,3,4]Forinformationaboutpolitics,wouldyousayyougetthemostinformationfrom[PACIFICISLANDERORASIANAMERICAN]TV,radio,andnewspapers,orfromMAINSTREAMAmericanTV,radio,andnewspapers?PacificIslanderorAsianAmericanmore(01)MainstreamAmericanmore(02)Bothequally{DONOTREAD}(03)

54

Don’tKnow(88)Refused(99)Q3.3C[IFRACE=LATINO][IFTELEVISION=1,2,3,4orIFRADIO=1,2,3,4orIFNEWSPAPERS=1,2,3,4]Forinformationaboutpolitics,wouldyousayyougetthemostinformationfromSpanish-languageTV,,radio,andnewspapers,orfromEnglish-languageTV,radio,andnewspapers?Spanishmore(01)Englishmore(02)Bothequally{DONOTREAD}(03)Don’tKnow(88)Refused(99)Q3.3D[IFRACE=BLACKORAFRICANAMERICAN][IFTELEVISION=1,2,3,4orIFRADIO=1,2,3,4orIFNEWSPAPERS=1,2,3,4]Forinformationaboutpolitics,wouldyousayyougetthemostinformationfromBlack-orAfricanAmericanTV,,radio,andnewspapers,orfromMAINSTREAMAmericanTV,radio,andnewspapers?BlackorAfricanAmericanmore(01)MainstreamAmericanmore(02)Bothequally{DONOTREAD}(03)Don’tKnow(88)Refused(99)

MODULE4:VOTINGANDHORSERACE

Q4.1[IFCITIZEN=1]Next,IwouldliketoaskyouaboutyourviewsonpoliticsandtheupcomingNovemberelections.Areyoucurrentlyregisteredtovoteornot?m Yes,Registered(1)[HIDDENVARIABLEREGISTERED=1]m NotRegistered(2)[HIDDENVARIABLENOTREGISTERED=1]m (NotSureCurrentlyRegistered)(3)[HIDDENVARIABLENOTREGISTERED=1]{DONOT

READ}q Noteligibletovote/register(4)[HIDDENVARIABLENOTREGISTERED=1]{DONOTREAD}q Don’tKnow(88)[HIDDENVARIABLENOTREGISTERED=1]m Refused(99)[HIDDENVARIABLENOTREGISTERED=1][GENERATEHIDDENVARIABLENONELIG=0IFCITIZEN=1][HIDDENVARIABLENONELIG=1IFCITIZEN=0]

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[HIDDENVARIABLENONELIG=1IFCITIZEN=1ANDQ4.1=4]Q4.2[IFNONELIG=0]ThinkingaheadtothisNovember'spresidentialelections,howwouldyoudescribeyourchancesofvoting?{READCHOICES}m IamabsolutelycertainIwillvote(1)[GOTOQ4.3A]m Iamprettylikelytovote(2)[GOTOQ4.3A]m Mychancesofvotingare50-50(3)[GOTOQ4.3A]m Mychancesofvotingarelessthan50-50(4)[GOTOQ4.3B]q Iwillnotvotethisyear(5)q Don’tKnow(88)m Refused(99)

Q4.3A[IFQ4.2=1,2,OR3]Anddoyouplantovote{READCHOICES}o Inperson,atthepollsonElectionDay(1o Votebymailorabsentee(2)o Earlyvotingorvoteearly(3o Notsure,haven’tthoughtaboutit(4)o Don’tKnow(88)o Refused(99)Q4.3B[IFQ4.2=4]Andifyouvote,doyouthinkitmightbeo Inperson,atthepollsonElectionDay(1)[]o Votebymailorabsentee(2)o Other(earlyvoting)(3)o Notsure,haven’tthoughtaboutit(4)o Don’tKnow(88)o Refused(99)Q4.3C[IFQ4.3AORQ4.3B=1][IFASIAN50=1][IFSTATE=“CA”]AndwhatisyourprimaryreasonforvotinginpersononElectionDay?Pleaseletmeknowifanyofthefollowingapply:[ROTATE][Checkallthatapply]o Becauseitismoreconvenient(1)o Becauseitgivesmemoretimetostudytheissuesorcandidates(2)o Becauseitgivesmemoreconfidencethatmyvotewillbecounted(3)o BecauseitissomethingIhavealwaysdone(4)o [IFS3=2]BecauseIcancountonsomeonehelpingmewithtranslationorlanguage

problems(5)o Someotherreason[SPECIFY]__________{WRITEINENGLISH}o Don’tKnow(88)o Refused(99)Q4.3D[IFQ4.3AORQ4.3B=2][IFASIAN50=1][IFSTATE=“CA”]Andwhatisyourprimaryreasonforvotingabsentee/bymail?Pleaseletmeknowifanyofthefollowingapply:[ROTATE][Checkallthatapply]

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o Becauseitismoreconvenient(1)o Becauseitgivesmemoretimetostudytheissuesorcandidates(2)o Becauseitgivesmemoreconfidencethatmyvotewillbecounted(3)o BecauseitissomethingIhavealwaysdone(4)o [IFS3=2]BecauseIcancountonsomeonehelpingmewithtranslationorlanguage

problems(5)o Someotherreason[SPECIFY]__________{WRITEINENGLISH}o Don’tKnow(88)o Refused(99)Q4.3E[IFQ4.3AORQ4.3B=3][IFASIAN50=1][IFSTATE=“CA”]Andwhatisyourprimaryreasonforvotingabsentee/bymail?Pleaseletmeknowifanyofthefollowingapply:[ROTATE][Checkallthatapply]o Becauseitismoreconvenient(1)o Becauseitgivesmemoretimetostudytheissuesorcandidates(2)o Becauseitgivesmemoreconfidencethatmyvotewillbecounted(3)o BecauseitissomethingIhavealwaysdone(4)o [IFS3=2]BecauseIcancountonsomeonehelpingmewithtranslationorlanguage

problems(5)o Someotherreason[SPECIFY]__________{WRITEINENGLISH}o Don’tKnow(88)o Refused(99)Q4.3F[IFQ4.3AORQ4.3B=1][IFASIAN50=1][IFSTATE=“CA”]Californianowallowsallregisteredvoterstoapplytovotebymail,andtosubmittheirballotsattheirpollinglocationorevenmailitonElectionDay.Doesthismakeyou:[ROTATEFIRSTTWOCHOICESBELOWANDINTHISSENTENCE][MORE/LESS]likelytovotebymail,ordoesitnotmakeadifference?

o Morelikelytochoosetovotebymail(1)o Lesslikelytovotebymail(2)o Doesnotmakeadifference(3)o Don’tKnow(88)o Refused(99)

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Q4.5A [IFNONELIG=0]ThinkingabouttheupcomingNovemberelectionforPresident…IftheelectionwerebeingheldtodaywouldyoubeinclinedtovoteforHillaryClinton,DonaldTrump,orsomeothercandidate?

CLINTON(1)[ASKQ4.5B]TRUMP(2)[ASKQ4.5C]SOMEOTHERCANDIDATE(3)[ASKQ4.5D]DON’TKNOW(88)[ASKQ4.5E]REFUSED(99)[ASKQ4.5E]

Q4.5B [IFQ4.5A=1]WouldyousayyousupportHillaryClintonstronglyornotsostrongly?

SUPPORTSTRONGLY(1)NOTSOSTRONGLY(2)DON’TKNOW(88)

Q4.5C [IFQ4.5A=2]WouldyousayyousupportDonaldTrumpstronglyornotsostrongly?


Q4.5D [IFQ4.5A=3]Wouldyousayyousupportthatcandidatestronglyornotsostrongly?


Q4.5E [IFQ4.5A=88,99]BetweenClintonandTrump,whodoyouleantowardsatthistime?

CLINTON(1)TRUMP(2)SOMEONEELSE(3)DON’TKNOW(88)REFUSED(99)

Q4.6[IFREGISTERED=1]Generallyspeaking,fewerpeoplevoteinprimariesandcaucuses.Howaboutyou?Didyouvoteinyourstate’sprimaryorcaucusearlierthisyear?

o Yes(1)o No(2)o Noteligible(3)o Don’tknow(88)o Refused(99)

Q4.7 [IFQ4.6=1]Whichpresidentialcandidatedidyouvoteforinyourstate’sprimaryorcaucus?[DONOTREAD]

1. HillaryClinton2. BernieSanders3. DonaldTrump4. BenCarson5. MarcoRubio6. ChrisChristie7. CarlyFiorina8. JohnKasich9. TedCruz

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10. JebBush11. Othercandidate

88.Don’tknow99.Refused

[ASKIFNONELIG=0][PLEASENOTE:Q4.8ABCANDQ4.9ABCWILLBEASKEDONLYINCALIFORNIA.SPLIT]Q4.8A ThinkingabouttheupcomingNovemberelectionfor

theU.S.SenateinCalifornia…[ROTATEORDER]KamalaHarrisand[ROTATE]LorettaSanchezareDemocratsandbothwillbeontheballotinNovember.Iftheelectionwerebeingheldtoday,whowouldyouvotefor?

Harris(1)[ASKQ4.8B]Sanchez(2)[ASKQ4.8B]someoneelse(3)[ASKQ4.8B]don’tknow(88)[ASKQ4.8C]refused(99)[ASKQ4.8C]

Q4.8B [IFQ4.8A=1,2,3]Wouldyousayyousupportthatcandidatestronglyornotsostrongly?

supportstrongly(1)notsostrongly(2)don’tknow(88)

Q4.8C [IFQ4.8A=88,99]Whodoyouleantowardsatthistime?

Harris(1)Sanchez(2)someothercandidate(3)don’tknow(88)refused(99)

Q4.9A ThinkingabouttheupcomingNovemberelectionfor

theU.S.SenateinCalifornia…[ROTATEORDER]KamalaHarriswhoisofAsianandAfricanAmericandescentand[ROTATE]LorettaSanchezwhoisofLatinadescent,arebothDemocratsandrunningagainsteachother.Iftheelectionwerebeingheldtoday,whowouldyouvotefor?

Harris(1)[ASKQ4.9B]Sanchez(2)[ASKQ4.9B]someoneelse(3)[ASKQ4.9B]don’tknow(88)[ASKQ4.9C]refused(99)[ASKQ4.9C]



Q4.9C [IFQ4.9A=88,99]Whodoyouleantowardsatthistime?

Harris(1)Sanchez(2)someothercandidate(3)don’tknow(88)refused(99)

[ASKIFNONELIG=0]

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Q4.10A ThinkingabouttheupcomingNovemberelectionfortheU.S.HouseofRepresentativesinyourCongressionaldistrict…Iftheelectionwerebeingheldtodaywouldyoubeinclinedtovoteforthe[ROTATEORDER][Republicancandidate]orthe[Democraticcandidate]?

republican(1)[ASKQ4.10B]democrat(2)[ASKQ4.10B]someotherparty(3)[ASKQ4.10B]don’tknow(88)[ASKQ4.10C]refused(99)[ASKQ4.10C]



Q4.10C [IFQ4.10A=88,99]Whichparty’scandidatedoyouleantowardsatthistime?

republican(1)democrat(2)someotherparty(3)don’tknow(88)refused(99)

Q4.11NowI'dliketoaskyouaboutsomepeopleandorganizationswhohavebeenmentionedinthenewsrecently.Foreach,pleasetellmewhetheryouhaveaveryfavorable,somewhatfavorable,somewhatunfavorable,orveryunfavorableimpression.Ifyouhaven'theardofthem{6},orifyoudon'tknowenoughaboutthemtohaveanimpression{5},justsaysoandwewillmoveon.{READNAME.}Doyouhaveaveryfavorable,somewhatfavorable,somewhatunfavorable,orveryunfavorableimpressionof[NAME]?[RANDOMIZEA-B,THENC,THEND-F] very some some very no never fav fav unfav unfav opin heard

A. TheRepublicanParty 1 2 3 4 5 6B. TheDemocraticParty1 2 3 4 5 6C. BarackObama 1 2 3 4 5 6D. DonaldTrump 1 2 3 4 5 6E. HillaryClinton 1 2 3 4 5 6F. BernieSanders 1 2 3 4 5 6

Q4.12Next,Ihavesomequestionsaboutpolitics.DoyouhappentoknowwhichpoliticalpartycurrentlyhasthemostmembersintheHouseofRepresentativesinWashington?{DONOTREADANYOFTHECHOICES}m Democrats(1)(VOL)m Republicans(2)(VOL)m Don’tKnow(88)m Refused(99)

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Q4.13WhatjoborpoliticalofficedoesJOEBIDENcurrentlyhold?{DONOTREADANYOFTHECHOICES}m VicePresident(1)(VOL)m Somethingelse(2)(VOL)m Don’tKnow(88)m Refused(99)Q4.14[IFFORBORNANDMEXICAN=1][ORIFFORBORNANDCOUNTRY=CHINA,INDIA,PHILIPPINES,JAPAN,VIETNAM,SOUTHVIETNAM,NORTHVIETNAM,SOUTHKOREA,NORTHKOREA,KOREA,TAIWAN,THAILAND,CAMBODIA,LAOS][COUNTRY=Q1.3ACOUNTRYforRACE=ASIANAMERICANCOUNTRY=Q1.3BIFMEXICAN(RACE=LATINO&Q1.3B=15)[HIDDENVARIABLECOUNTRYLEADER=XIJINPINGIFCOUNTRY=CHINANARENDRAMODIIFCOUNTRY=INDIARODRIGODUTERTEIFCOUNTRY=PHILIPPINESSHINZOABEIFCOUNTRY=JAPANTRẦNĐẠIQUANGIFIFCOUNTRY=VIETNAM,SOUTHVIETNAM,NORTHVIETNAMPARKGEUN-HYEIFCOUNTRY=KOREA,SOUTHKOREA,NORTHKOREATSAIING-WENIFCOUNTRY=TAIWANERUVIELÁVILAVILLEGASIFMEXICAN=1YINGLUCKSHINAWATRAIFCOUNTRY=THAILANDNORODOMRANARIDDHIFCOUNTRY=CAMBODIATHONGSINGTHAMMAVONGIFCOUNTRY=LAOS]Whatpoliticalofficedoes[COUNTRYLEADER]hold?{DONOTREADANYOFTHECHOICES}m President(1)(VOL)m PrimeMinister(2)(VOL)m Commander-in-ChieforHeadofState(3)(VOL)m Somethingelse(4)(VOL)m Don’tKnow(88)m Refused(99)

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MODULE5:ISSUES,MOBILIZATION,ANDENGAGEMENT

[TIMER]Q5.1Peoplecantakepartindifferenttypesofcivicandpoliticalactivities.Inthelast12months,haveyoudoneanyofthefollowing?[ROTATEALLCHOICES]{SAY“HAVEYOU..”ASNEEDED}

Yes(1) No(2) Don’tKnow(88)

Refused(99)

DiscussedpoliticswithfamilyAND

friends(1)m m m m

Contributedmoneytoacandidate,politicalparty,orsomeother

campaignorganization(2)

m m m m

Contactedyourrepresentativeoragovernmentofficial[intheU.S.]{ASK“InU.S.”IFFORBORN}

(3)

m m m m

Workedwithothersinyourcommunitytosolveaproblem(4)

m m m m

Attendedaprotestmarch,

demonstration,orrally(5)

m m m m

Signedapetition(6) m m m m [IFASIAN50=1]

Boughtorboycottedacertainproductorservicebecauseofthe

socialorpoliticalvaluesofthecompanythatprovidesit?(7)

m m m m

Attendedapublicmeeting,suchasforschoolboardorcity

council(8)

m m m m

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Q5.2.[IFCITIZEN=1ANDIF5.1.2=1]Whenmakingpoliticalcontributionstoacandidate,howimportantarethefollowingfactors?Extremelyimportant,veryimportant,somewhatimportant,ornotatallimportant?[ROTATE] Extremelyimportant(1) Veryimportant(2) Somewhatimportant(3)orNotimportant(4) Don’tKnow(88)o Thecandidateisfrommystateordistrict(1)o Thecandidateisinacloserace(2)o Thecandidate’spositionontheissuesissimilartomine(3)o [SPLITSAMPLE1:50%]Thecandidatewillrepresentpeoplelikeme(4)o [SPLITSAMPLE2:50%][IF[RACE=ASIAN,NHPI,BLACKORAFRICANAMERICAN,LATINOOR

MULTIRACIAL]Thecandidatewillrepresent[RACES](5)o Noneofthese/Ref(99)[TIMER]Q5.3Inaddition,somepeopleareinvolvedinpoliticalactivitiesonlineorbyemail,whileothersarenot.Inthelast12months,haveyoudoneanyofthefollowing?[ROTATE,ENDWITH3]

Donatedmoneytoareligiousorcharitable

cause(9)m m m m

Yes No Don’tKnow RefusedPostedorcommented

aboutpoliticsonsocialmedia,like

Facebook,Twitter,[orWeChat](REVEAL

ONLYFORRETHNIC=CHINESE)

[orKakaoTalk](REVEALONLYFORRETHNIC=KOREAN)

(1)

m m m m

Signedanonlineoremailpetition(2) m m m m

ASKONLYIfS10.2/RACE2=ASIAN,

NHPI,BLACKORAFRICANAMERICAN,

LATINOOR

m m m m

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[TIMER]Q5.4[IF5.3.3=YES]Wasthatrelatedtounfairtreatmentof[RETHNICorRACES]byanyofthefollowing{READANDCHECKALLTHATAPPLY}:[ROTATESTATEMENTS1-4]1Televisionandmovies2Police 3Collegeadmissions4Courtsandthelegalsystem5Somethingelse____________________{WRITEINOPEN-ENDEDRESPONSEINENGLISH,TRANSLATEIFNEEDED}Q5.5[IFCITIZEN=1]Asyouknow,thepoliticalpartiestrytotalktoasmanypeopleastheycantogetthemtovotefortheircandidate.Didanyonefromoneofthepoliticalpartiescallyouuporcomearoundandtalktoyouaboutthecampaignthisyear?o Yes(1)o No(2)o Don’tKnow(88)o Refused(99)Q5.5A[IFQ5.5=1]Whichpartywasthat?o Democrat(1)o Republican(2)o BothDemocratandRepublican3)

MULTIRACIALForwardedor

circulatedapostabout:

[IFRACE=ASIAN“(RETHNICorAsian

Americans)’IFRACE=NHPI

“(RETHNICorPACIFICISLANDERS)”

IFRACE=BLACKORAFRICANAMERICAN

([RACES])IFRACE=LATINO

([RACES])IF

RACE=MULTIRACIAL([RACES])(3)

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o Other(4)o Don’tKnow(88)o Refused(99)Q5.6A[IfQ5.5=1ANDRACE=ASIAN,PACIFICISLANDER,ORLATINO,ORBLACKORAFRICANAMERICAN]Werethepeoplewhocontactedyou[RACE],not[RACE],orboth?o [RACE](1)o Not[RACE](2)o BOTH(3)o Don’tKnow(88)o Refused(99)Q5.6B[IfQ5.5=1ANDRACE=ASIANORPACIFICISLANDER]Whenyouwerecontacted,wasit[mostlyinINTLANGUAGEIFS3=2],[anAsianlanguageIFS3=1]mostlyinEnglish,orinboth?o [INTLANGUAGE](1)o AnAsianlanguage(2)o English(3)o Both(4)o Don’tKnow(88)o Refused(99)Q5.6C[IfQ5.5=1ANDRACE=LATINO]Whenyouwerecontacted,wasitmostlyinSpanish,mostlyinEnglish,orinboth?o Spanish(1)o English(2)o Both(3)o Don’tKnow(88)o Refused(99)Q5.7[IFCITIZEN=1]Otherthansomeonefromthetwomajorparties,didanyoneelsecallyouuporcomearoundandtalktoyouaboutthiselection?o Yes(1)o No(2)o Don’tKnow(88)o Refused(99)Q5.8[IFQ5.7=1]WasthatcontactbyanethnicorganizationORsomeotherorganization?{CHECKALLTHATAPPLY}o Ethnicorganization(1)o Someotherorganization(2)

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o Don’tKnow(88)o Refused(99)Q5.9A[If5.6=1ANDRACE=ASIANORPACIFICISLANDER]Whenyouwerecontacted,wasit[mostlyinINTLANGUAGEIFS3=2],[anAsianlanguageIFS3=1]mostlyinEnglish,orinboth?o [INTLANGUAGE](1)o AnAsianlanguage(2)o English(3)o Both(4)o Don’tKnow(88)o Refused(99)

Q5.9B[IfQ5.6=1ANDRACE=LATINOANDLANGUAGE=SPANISH]Whenyouwerecontacted,wasitmostlyinSpanish,mostlyinEnglish,orinboth?

o Spanish(1)o English(2)o BOTH(3)o Don’tKnow(88)o Refused(99)

Q5.10Whatisyourpresentreligion,ifany?[RECORDCURRENTRELIGION.IFRESPONDENTSAYSIWASRAISEDCATHOLIC,BUTAMNOWEPISCOPALIAN,RECORDEPISCOPALIAN.PROBEORREADLISTASNEEDED][TWOCOLUMNS]m AfricanMethodistEpiscopal/AME(32)m Agnostic(1)m Atheist(2)m Baptist(3)m Buddhist(4)m Catholic(5)m Christian(6)m ChristianScientists(7)m ChurchofGodinChrist(8)m ChurchoftheNazarene(9)m Congregationalist(includesUnitedChurchofChrist)(10)m DisciplesofChrist,ChurchesofChrist(11)m Episcopalian,Anglican(12)m FalunGong(13)m GreekOrthodox(14)m Hindu(15)

m Jain(16)

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m Jehovah’sWitnesses(17)m Jewish(18)m Lutheran(19)m Methodist(20)m Mormon,ChurchoftheLatterDaySaints(21)m Muslim,Mohammedan,Islam(22)m Orthodox,EasternOrthodox(23)m Pentecostal(24)m Presbyterian(25)m Protestant(nodenominationgiven)(26)m Reformed,DutchReformed,ChristianReformed(27)m SeventhDayAdventist(28)m Sikh(29)m Unitarian,Universalist(30)m OtherNon-Christian[SPECIFY]_______(31){ENTERINENGLISH}

Noreligion(VOL,DONOTREAD)(77)Spiritual,butnotreligious(VOL,DONOTREAD)(78)Don’tKnow(88)Refused(99)[HIDDENVARIABLERELIGIOUS=1IFQ5.10=3thru32]à[HIDDENVARIABLERELIGION=Q5.10IFQ5.10=3thru32][HIDDENVARIABLEALLCHRISTIAN=1IFQ5.10=3,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,17,19,20,21,23,24,25,26,27,28,30,32,78]Q5.11[IFALLCHRISTIAN]Wouldyoudescribeyourselfasanyofthefollowing[READ:“AfundamentalistorevangelicalChristian,abornagainChristian,orCharismatic”]?m Yes(1)m No(2)m Don’tKnow(88)m Refused(99)Q5.12[IFRELIGIOUS=1]Howoftendoyouattendaplaceofworship?{READCHOICES}m Morethanonceaweek(1)m Onceaweek(2)m Onceortwiceamonth(3)m Afewtimesayear(4)m Seldom(5)m Never(6)[]m Don’tKnow(88)[]m Refused(99)[]

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Q5.13[IFRELIGIOUS=1ANDQ5.12=1-5]Otherthanattendingservicesorprayer,doyoutakepartinanyactivitywithpeopleatyourplaceofworship?o Yes(1)o No(2)o Don'tknow(88)o Refused(99)Q5.14A[IFRELIGIOUS=1ANDQ5.13=1]Otherthanareligiousgrouporplaceofworship,isthereanyothergroupororganizationthatyouareinvolvedwith?

o Yes(1)o No(2)o Don'tknow(3)o Refused(4)

Q5.14B[IFRELIGIOUS=0ORQ5.12=6,88,99ORQ5.13=2]Otherthanareligiousgrouporplaceofworship,isthereanygroupororganizationthatyouareinvolvedwith?

o Yes(1)o No(2)o Don'tknow(3)o Refused(4)

[TIMER]Q5.15[IFQ5.14A=YESORQ5.14B=YESORQ5.13=YES]Hereisalistofthingsthatpeoplesometimeshavetodoaspartoftheirinvolvementwithreligiousorotherorganizations.AfterIreadeachone,pleasetellmewhetherornotyouhaveengagedinthatactivityinthelastsixmonthsaspartofyourinvolvementwithorganizations.Haveyou…

o Writtenaletter?(1)o Plannedorchairedameeting?(3)o Givenapresentationorspeech?(4)o Contactedagovernmentofficial?(5)o Don’tknow(88)o Refused(99)

MODULE6:ISSUEPREFERENCES

Q6.1ANext,wewouldliketoaskaboutyourviewsoncurrentissues.WhatdoyouthinkisthemostimportantproblemfacingtheUnitedStatestoday?{DONOTREAD}

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1. Economy/Jobs2. Education3. Environment/Climatechange4. ForeignPolicy5. Government/Brokenpoliticalsystem6. Healthcare7. Incomes/Gapbetweenrichandpoor8. Immigration9. RacismorRacialdiscrimination10. SexismorGenderdiscrimination11. Socialsecurity12. Taxes13. Terrorism/ISIS/Nationalsecurity

14. Other________{WRITEINENGLISH}

Don’tKnow(88)Refused(99)

Q6.1BWhatotherimportantproblemfacestheUnitedStatestoday?[HIDEANYCHOICETHATWASPUNCHEDINQ6.1A]Q6.1CAnyotherimportantproblemfacingtheUnitedStatestoday?[HIDEANYCHOICETHATWASPUNCHEDINQ6.1AANDQ6.1B]Q6.1DWhichissueisthemostimportanttoyouPERSONALLY?[SHOWALLPUNCHES,ADDPUNCHES14,15,AND16FORFILLEDRESPONSESFROM6.1A.14,6.1B14,6.1C14]17.Other________{WRITEINENGLISH}Don’tKnow(88)Refused(99)Q6.2[IFQ6.1D=1-16]Inthepastyear,haveyoujoinedanorganizationortakenpartinanyactivitiesbasedonyourinterestsin[RESPONSEFROMQ6.1D]Yes(1)No(2)Don’tKnow(88)Refused(99)[TIMER]Q6.3[IF6.1A=1-14]Foreachofthefollowingissues,pleasetellmewhetheryouthink

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theDemocraticPartyortheRepublicanPartyisdoingabetterjobwiththisissue,orifthereisnodifference.[NOTE:IFQ6.1DEQUALSQ6.1AORQ6.1BORQ6.1C,DONOTSHOWITEMQ6.3DBELOW]{READISSUE.}DoyouthinkthattheDemocraticPartyortheRepublicanPartyisdoingabetterjobwiththisissue? Democrat(1) Republican(2)NoDifference(3) Don’tKnow(88)[ROTATE]

A. [RESPONSETOQ6.1A]B. [RESPONSETOQ6.1B]C. [RESPONSETOQ6.1C]D. [RESPONSETOQ6.1D]

[TIMER]Q6.4[IFSTATE=“CA”]Now,I'dliketoaskyouaboutsomelocalgovernmentservices.Duringthelastrecession,manycitiesandcountiesmadesignificantcuts.Someofthemhavebeenrestoredwhileothershavenot.Howimportantdoyouthinkitistorestorelocalgovernmentservicesineachoftheseareas:extremelyimportant,veryimportant,somewhatimportant,ornotimportant? Extremelyimportant(1) Veryimportant(2) Somewhatimportant(3)orNotimportant(4) Don’tKnow(88)[ROTATE]A.Publicsafety,includingpoliceandfirefighters 1 2 3 4 88B.Health,includingmentalhealthservicesandhealthcare1 2 3 4 88C.Socialservices,includingchildren’swellbeingprograms 1 2 3 4 88D.Publicworks,includingstreetrepairs 1 2 3 4 88E.Culturalorrecreationalservices,includingparksandlibraries 1 2 3 4 88[TIMER]Q6.5Next,wewillaskyouropinionsoncertainpolicies.Ineachcase,pleasetellmeifyousupportoroppose. Support(1) Oppose(2) Don’tknow(88) Refused(88)1.DoyousupportoropposethehealthcarelawpassedbyBarackObamaandCongressin2010?2.Doyousupportoropposemajornewspendingbythefederalgovernmentthatwouldhelpundergraduatespaytuitionatpubliccollegeswithoutneedingloans?3.DoyousupportoropposeacceptingSyrianrefugeesintotheUnitedStates?4.Doyousupportoropposelegalizingthepossessionofsmallamountsofmarijuanaforpersonaluse?

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5.DoyousupportoropposebanningpeoplewhoareMuslimfromenteringtheUnitedStates?6.Doyousupportoropposesettingstricteremissionlimitsonpowerplantsinordertoaddressclimatechange?7.Doyousupportoropposethegovernmentdoingmoretogiveblacksequalrightswithwhites?Q6.6[IFASIAN50=1]Hereisaslightlydifferentlistofstatements.Pleaseindicatehowmuchyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatements[ROTATECATEGORIES] Disagreestrongly(1) Disagreesomewhat(2) Neitheragreenordisagree(3) Agreesomewhat(4)Agreestrongly(5) Don’tKnow(88) Refuse(99)ASometimespoliticsandgovernmentseemsocomplicatedthatapersonlikemecan'treallyunderstandwhat'sgoingonBPublicofficialsdon'tcaremuchwhatpeoplelikemethink.Q6.7[IFASIAN50=1][IFRACE=ASIAN,NHPI,BLACKORAFRICANAMERICAN,LATINOORMULTIRACIAL]Thinkingabouttherepresentationof[RACES],whichcomesclosertoyourview?Inordertogetbetterrepresentation[ROTATECHOICES]{READ}[ROTATECHOICES]Weneedmore[IFRACE=ASIAN,NHPI,BLACKORAFRICANAMERICAN,LATINO,MULTIRACIALENTER[RACES]]]inCongress(01)orWeneedmore[[IFRACE=ASIAN,NHPI,BLACKORAFRICANAMERICAN,LATINO,MULTIRACIALENTER[RACES]]]intelevisionandmovies(02)Don’tknow(88)Ref(99)

MODULE7:PARTICIPATIONCO-VARIATES

Q7.1.Generallyspeaking,doyouusuallythinkofyourselfasa{READCATEGORIES},anindependent,orintermsofsomeotherparty?[ROTATE1AND2]m Democrat(1){HIDDENVARIABLEPID4=DEMOCRAT}m Republican(2){HIDDENVARIABLEPID4=REPUBLICAN}m Independent(3)q Otherparty(pleasespecify)(4)____________________{WRITEINENGLISH}q Donotthinkintermsofpoliticalparties(5)(VOL;DONOTREAD)m DON’TKNOW(88)

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m Refused(99)Q7.2.[IFQ7.1=2]WouldyoucallyourselfastrongRepublicanoranotverystrongRepublican?m StrongRepublican(1)q NotverystrongRepublican(2)m DON’TKNOW(88)m Refused(99)Q7.3.[IFQ7.1=1]WouldyoucallyourselfastrongDemocratoranotverystrongDemocrat?m StrongDemocrat(1)q NotverystrongDemocrat(2)m DON’TKNOW(88)m Refused(99)[SPLITSAMPLEQ7.4AANDQ7.4B]Q7.4A.[IFQ7.1=3,4,5,88,99]DoyouthinkofyourselfasclosertotheRepublicanPartyortotheDemocraticParty?m ClosertotheRepublicanParty(1){HIDDENVARIABLEPID4=REPUBLICAN}m ClosertotheDemocraticparty(2){HIDDENVARIABLEPID4=DEMOCRAT}q Closertoneitherparty(3){HIDDENVARIABLEPID4=INDEPENDENT}m Don’tKnow(88){HIDDENVARIABLEPID4=INDEPENDENT}m Refused(99){HIDDENVARIABLEPID4=INDEPENDENT}Q7.4B.[IFQ7.1=3,4,5,88,99]Basedonwherethetwopartiesstandontheissues,doyouthinkyourviewsareclosertotheRepublicanPartyortotheDemocraticParty?m ClosertotheRepublicanParty(1){HIDDENVARIABLEPID4=REPUBLICAN}m ClosertotheDemocraticparty(2){HIDDENVARIABLEPID4=DEMOCRAT}q Closertoneitherparty(3){HIDDENVARIABLEPID4=INDEPENDENT}m Don’tKnow(88){HIDDENVARIABLEPID4=INDEPENDENT}m Refused(99){HIDDENVARIABLEPID4=INDEPENDENT}Q7.5[IFASIAN50=1]ThinkingaboutthenextCongressandwhoshouldbeelected.Pleasetellmehowimportantthefollowingstatementsare:extremelyimportant,veryimportant,somewhatimportant,ornotimportant Extremelyimportant(1) Veryimportant(2) Somewhatimportant(3)orNotimportant(4) Don’tKnow(88)

A. [IFRACE=BLACKORAFRICANAMERICANORLATINO]Weneedmore[RACES]inCongress

B. [IFRACE=ASIANORNHPI][SPLITSAMPLE=50%]Weneedmore[RACES]inCongressC. [IFRACE=ASIANORNHPI][SPLITSAMPLE=50%]Weneedmore[RETHNICS]in

Congress

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D. WeneedmorewomeninCongressE. Weneedmore[PID4]sinCongressF. WeneedmorepeopleinCongresswhorepresenttheissuesIcareaboutmost

MODULE8:DEMOGRAPHICS

Q8.1Finally,wehaveafewimportantquestionsabouthomeandfamily.Doyouhaveanychildren?[GRID,CHOICESINCOLUMNSBELOW]{IFRSAYSNOCHILDREN,MARKALLASNONE}

A. {IFYES}Howmanychildrendoyouhave?____{WRITEINNUMBER}B. {IFYES}Andhowmanychildrenare18yearsorolder?____{WRITEINNUMBER}

Q8.2.Next,thinkingaboutyourhouseholdwhenyouwereachildgrowingup.Howoftendidyourfamilydiscusspolitics?Wasthatveryoften,somewhatoften,nottoooften,ornotatall?

o Veryoften(1)o Somewhatoften(2)o Nottoooften(3)o Notatall(4)o DK(88)o REF(99)

Q8.3A[IFFORBORN=1]DidyoucompleteallofyoureducationintheUnitedStates?m Yes(1)m No(2)m Don’tKnow(88)m Refused(99)Q8.3B[IFQ8.3A=2]WhatisthehighestlevelofeducationyoucompletedoutsidetheUnitedStates?

m Noschoolingcompleted(1)m Someschooling,nohighschooldegree(2)m Highschooldegreeorcertificate(3)m CollegedegreeorBachelor’sdegree(5)m GraduateorProfessionaldegree(6)m Don’tKnow(88)

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m Refused(99)Q8.4A[IFS8=2,3,4,5,6]Thinkingbacktoyourhighschoolyears,pleaseindicateifyouwereinvolvedinanyofthefollowing:{READANDCHECKALLTHATAPPLY}

o Hobbyorspecialinterestclub(2)o Studentcouncilorstudentgovernment(3)o Schoolyearbookornewspaper(4)o Musicband,orchestraordrama(5)o Someotheractivity,notsports-related(18)o Sports{IFTHEYSAYYES,ASK“WHICHSPORTS?”}(6)

{DONOTREADTHEWHOLELIST}

o Badmintono Basketballo Baseball,o Cross-countryortrackandfieldo FieldHockey,o Football,o Hockey,o Soccer,o Swimming,o Tennis,o Volleyball,oro Someothersport

o Notinvolved

Q8.5A[IFFORBORN=1]WhatyeardidyoufirstcometoliveintheUnitedStates?[IFTAKINGTOOLONG,"HowoldwereyouwhenyoufirstcametoliveintheUnitedStates?"]

[RECORDYEARORAGE]Q8.5B.[IFQ1.4=2,4,88OR99]Pleasetellmeifyouarecurrentlyhereonanyofthefollowing:{CHECKFIRSTMENTION}o Avalidtouristvisa(1)o Avalidstudentvisa(2)o Avalidworkvisaorpermit(3)o DeferredActionforChildhoodArrivals,orDACA(4)o Somethingelse(5)o Don’tKnow(88)o Refused(99)

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Q8.6Areyoucurrentlymarriedorlivingasmarriedwithsomeone–orareyouwidowed,divorced,separated,orhaveyouneverbeenmarried?m Married/livingasmarried(1)m Widowed(2)m Divorced(3)m Separated(4)m Nevermarried(5)m Other(6)___________{WRITEINENGLISH}m Don’tKnow(88)m Refused(99)Q8.6A[IFQ8.6=2,3,4,5,6,88]Areyoucurrentlyinaseriousrelationship?m Yes(1)m No(2)m Don’tKnow(88)m Refused(99)Q8.7[IFQ8.6=1]Whatracialorethnicgroupsdescribeyourspouseorpartner?{Chooseallthatapply}[SAMERESPONSECHOICESASS10.2]q White(3)q Black(4)q AfricanAmerican(5)q HispanicorLatino(6)q AsianorAsianAmerican(1)q NativeHawaiianorPacificIslander(2)q NativeAmericanorAmericanIndian(7)q Multi-racial,Mixed(9)q Don’tKnow(88)q Refused(99)Q8.8[IFASIAN50=1]Howwouldyourateyouroverallhealthinthepastyear–excellent,verygood,good,fair,orpoor?m Excellent(1)m VeryGood(2)m Good(3)m Fair(4)m Poor(5)m Don’tKnow(88)m Refused(99)Q8.9Next,wehavesomequestionsaboutwork.Whatisyourcurrentemploymentstatus?

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Pleaseletusknowwhichofthefollowingbestdescribesyourstatusinthepastmonth.[TWOCOLUMNS]{READCHOICES}[ACCEPTMULTIPLEANSWERS]m Workingfull-time(1)[HIDDENVARIABLEEMPLOYED=1]m Workingpart-time(2)[HIDDENVARIABLEEMPLOYED=1]m Self-employed(3)[HIDDENVARIABLEEMPLOYED=1]m Unemployedandstilllookingforwork(4)m Unemployedandstoppedlookingforwork(5)q m Student(6)m Homemaker(7)m Retired(8)m Permanentlydisabled(9)m Other[SPECIFY](10___________{WRITEINENGLISH}m Don’tKnow(88)m Refused(99)Q8.10[IFQ8.9=10,DK,REF]Areyoudoinganyworkforpayatthepresenttime?m Yes(1)[HIDDENVARIABLEEMPLOYED=1]m No(2)m Don’tKnow(88)m Refused(99)

Q8.11[IFEMPLOYED=1]Whatisyourmainoccupation?Thatis,whatkindofworkdoyoudo?{READSOMEEXAMPLESONLYIFTAKINGTOOLONGORPERSONISCONFUSED,“Forexample…”}[TWOCOLUMNS]AccountantCustomerservicerepresentativeComputerProgrammer(softwareprogrammer)ConstructionDentistDoctorEngineerLawyerManagerRetail/SalesNurseOfficeassistantPharmacist

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Professor(TeacherinCollege)RestaurantWorker(cook,waiter,dishwasher)SalesSalonworker(Hair,Nair,Spa,Massage)SecretaryTeacherinK-12Other:_____________{WRITEINENGLISH}m Don’tKnow(88)m Refused(99)Q8.12[IFEMPLOYED=1]Inyourjob,doyousuperviseanyonewhoisdirectlyresponsibletoyou?

o Yes(1)o No(2)o DK(88)o Ref(99)

Q8.13IFYES:Doanyofthosepersonssuperviseanyoneelse?


Q8.14[IFEMPLOYED=1]Inyourjob,haveyoueverplannedorchairedameeting?


Q8.15Forstatisticalpurposesonly,whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthetotalincomeearnedbyeveryoneinyourhouseholdlastyear?[TRYHARDTONOTACCEPTDK,REF;REASSURETHATANONYMOUS]m Upto$20,000(1)m $20,000to$50,000(2)m $50,000to$75,000(3)m $75,000to$100,000(4)m $100,000to$125,000(5)m $125,000to$250,000(6)q $250,000andover(7)q Don’tKnow(88)

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m Refused(99)Q8.16[IFQ8.15=DK,REF]Weunderstandthisisaprivatematterformanyindividuals.Weareonlyinterestedinthisforresearchpurposes.Couldyoupleaseatleasttellusifyourtotalhouseholdincomewasbelow$50,000lastyear,between$50,000and$100,000,ormorethan$100,000?m lessthan$50,000(1)m $50,000to$100,000(2)q morethan$100,000(3)q Don’tKnow(88)m Refused(99)Q8.17[IFEMPLOYED=1]Doyoubelongtoaunion?m Yes(1)q No(2)q Don’tKnow(88)m Refused(99)Q8.18Andwhatyearwereyouborn?[TRYHARDTONOTACCEPTDK,REF;REASSURETHATANONYMOUS][RECORDYEAR[TWOCOLUMNS][RECORDYEAR] {YEARBORN}[RECORDAGE]q Don’tKnow(8888)q Refused(9999)

Q8.19[IFQ8.18=DK,REF]Wejustneedtoknowingeneral;areyouthefollowingagegroups…?m 18-24(1)m 25to34(2)m 35to49(3)m 50to64(4)m 65orover(5)q Don’tKnow(88)m Refused(99)Q8.20Doyouownordoyourenttheplacewhereyoucurrentlylive?m Own(1)q Rent(2)q Don’tKnow(88)m Refused(99)Q8.21[ASKIFLANGUAGEOFINTERVIEWNEENGLISH]NowIwouldliketoaskyouaboutyourEnglishlanguageskills.HowwellcanyouspeakEnglish?Verywell,prettywell,justalittle,or

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notatall?m Verywell(1)m Prettywell(2)m Justalittle(3)q Notatall(4)q Don’tKnow(88)m Refused(99)Q8.22[ASKIFLANGUAGEOFINTERVIEWNEENGLISH]HowwellcanyoureadEnglish?Verywell,prettywell,justalittle,ornotatall?m Verywell(1)m Prettywell(2)m Justalittle(3)q Notatall(4)q Don’tKnow(88)m Refused(99)Q8.23[IFNON-ENGLISHINTERVIEW]Ifelectionmaterialswereavailabletoyouinyourlanguage,wouldyoumakeuseofthem?m Yes(1)q No(2)q Don’tKnow(88)m Refused(99){THANKINTERVIEWEE}

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ContactinformationKarthickRamakrishnan,Director,[email protected],co-PrincipalInvestigator,[email protected],co-PrincipalInvestigator,[email protected],co-PrincipalInvestigator,[email protected]

Coverimagecredit:WinifredTan

asian american voices in the 2016 election

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