are dealing with… satellite...

Presented by Martin Coleman - Executive Director sIRG www.satirg.org

Satellite Interference!

…Improving technology to combat

Satellite Interference

satellite Interference Reduction Group

are dealing with…


How does DVB-CID work?

[Graphics courtesy of Newtec]

CID is transported in a spread spectrum carrier below the noise floor, under the main carrier

CID can be decoded even in presence of overlapping interfering carriers

DVB-CID carrier is at typically 27dB below the level of the main carrier

Degradation of the main carrier is <0.28dB


Carrier ID Database (SDA) & Processes…

…from the standard process �

…if ID not found in any database then simplyforward ID to Military for internal checking viaMilitary CID Monitoring and Database Systems.

ID?

Sat Ops

Database

N

Y

ID?

SDA

Y

N

ID?

Pass to Military

Y N

Geolocate!


New VSAT Tools #1 - SatGuard (SES/VeriSat)…

SatGuard Monitor Unit

Forward Link

Return Link

Terminal

Hub Station

Operational Satellite

ASI

...affected Satellite


Extract:

•Frame Structure

•Time Burst Plan

•Terminal ID

Interfered Link

(ASI)

Detect Burst:

• Arrival Time

• Power Level

Correlate Information

Forward Link RF

(Operational Satellite)

Terminal ID

Frame

Sync

Interfered Link

(ASI)

Detect Burst:

• Arrival Time

• Power Level

Return Link RF

(Operational Satellite)

Frame

Sync

Forward Link Decoding

Return Link Decodingor

Methods…

•Map Burst

Structure

•Decode Payload

•Extract Terminal ID


What it looks like…


New VSAT Tools #2 - GSM Demodulation (Eutelsat)…

The problem of GSM Retransmission…

• GSM services on satellite• Equipment failure in transmit systems with L-

Band IF

• One particular part of the IF system performs

as antenna and picks up GSM signals

• The IF Band is upconverted in Ku-Band and

transmitted via satellite

• It produces interference with other legitimate

payload

• Signals from the GSM BTS• GSM beacons contain location information that

is in general better than geolocalisation results

• The interfering station can be found in a short

distance from the base station

• Most stations are identified by Google Earth

review

• Regulator bodies can be immediately informed

if unmanned station operations are observed

• Conditions for successful demodulation• The received signal in L-band GSM must contain an

interfering signal

• The signal to noise ratio (SNR) at the reception must

be more than 9 dB

• The GSM signal reception must be interfering with one

of the four GSM bands (850, 900, 1800, 1900 MHz)

• Most affected frequency bands• 13750 – 13760 MHz -> LOF 12800 MHz

• 13950 – 14010 MHz -> LOF 13050 MHz

• 14490 – 14500 MHz -> LOF 15450 MHz

(inverted)


New VSAT Tools #2 - GSM Demodulation (Cont.)…

GSM Demodulation Tool

• Low cost development and investment

• High efficiency and flexibility

• « Another tool in the box »

• System Overview… • Interested?

• We are ready make our development available to IRG members• We enable the contact to producing company

• Possibility to purchase the product

GSM Leaking in to a bad cable!

L-Band

www.siecams.comRestricted © Siemens Convergence Creators GmbH, 2014 All rights reserved.

SIECAMS ILS ONE: Localization with ONLY ONE Satellite

SIECAMS ILS ONE Key Features:

� SIECAMS Offers a New Way of Finding Interferences Without

Adjacent Satellite (ILS ONE)

� The Method is Based on EIRP Variations Which are Compared With

All Other Carriers Transmit via the Same Satellite

� No Separate HW is Needed for ILS ONE


SIECAMS ILS ONE: Interferer Power versus Time/Signature Calculation

Signature

Comparison

with Other

Traffic

Power of

Interfering

Traffic (vs. time)


SIECAMS ILS ONE: Best Matching Carrier Detection

Interferer

Best Matching Carrier

Other Traffic

Other Traffic


SIECAMS ILS ONE: Best Matching Carrier - Interference Found

Interfering Station / Antenna

Interference

Best Matching Carrier


(SDA)…

RFI FUNCTIONS FOR THE SPACE DATA CENTRE (SDC)

� RF Payload Data & Geolocation - Data describing transponders and connectivity (not customer carrier data):

Frequencies, Polarizations, Connectivity, Beam Antenna Pattern Data, Reference Carrier Freq./Pol/Location/Bandwidth

� Benefit: SDC computes optimum pairing of satellites for selection by the member; provides data

formatted for the geolocation system; data immediately available for geolocation

� Drifting satellites and LEOP (Fly-by) - TT&C Data for Satellites: Beacon, Command and Telemetry Frequencies,

Command EIRP

� Benefit: Analysis and Automatic alerts for potential fly-by RFI

� Contacts (Phonebook) - For RF Payload teams: Name, Email, Phone, Role (24x7 Management, Ops Centre, etc.)

� Benefit: Member-maintained, single reliable contacts database

� RFI Alert (seeking Information & Assistance) - Information describing an Event, or information you need:

Affected Service, Transponder, Connectivity, Frequency, RFI Characteristics, attach Plots as needed, Comments

� Benefit: Focused distribution; message tracking; feedback

� RFI Database (Historical Information, Case Studies) - Similar Data as for ‘RFI Alert”, for Historical reference:

Info describing an Event, Investigation performed, Resolution, Techniques, Test Equipment, poor Vendor equipment

� Benefit: Members can search RFI events, find useful information


Deliberate Jamming!

Bats intentionally jam each other's sonar to steal meals!It's frustrating when your smartphone loses its signal in the middle of a call or when downloading a webpage. But

for bats, a sudden loss of its sonar signal means missing an insect meal in mid-flight. Now there's evidence to

suggest that bats are sneakily using sonar jamming techniques to make their fellow hunters miss their tasty targets.

Like other bats, the Mexican free-tailed bat uses echolocation to pinpoint prey insects in the dark. But when many

bats hunt in the same space, they can interfere with each other's echoes, making detection more difficult.

Jamming happens when a sound disrupts a bat's ability to extract location information from the echoes returning from its prey. Previous research

has shown that Mexican free-tailed bats can get around this jamming by switching to higher pitches. Using different sound frequencies to map the

hunting grounds around them allows many bats to hunt in the same space. In these studies, jamming of each other's signals was seemingly

inadvertent - a simple consequence of two bats attempting to echolocate in close proximity. But evidence has been found of sneakier goings-on.

Sonar sabotage…

They have found a second type of sonar jamming in these bats - intentional sabotage of a fellow bat. "In this study, the jamming is on purpose and

the jamming signal has been designed by evolution to maximally disrupt the other bat's echolocation," they say. Comparing flight-path calculations

with audio and video field recordings. They discovered that these bats emit special ultrasonic signals that interfere with the echolocation of other

bats that are attacking insect prey.

"For this type of jamming, the interfering sound needs to overlap the echoes in time and frequency, " this is unlike previously described accidental

jamming, which covers only a single frequency, so can be avoided by shifting to another frequency. "This jamming signal covers all the frequencies

used by the other bats, so there's no available frequency to shift to."

Courtesy of the New Scientist…

http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn26513-zoologger-bats-jam-each-others-sonar-to-steal-meals.html#.VG9GDK0qWHs

Bats intentionally jam each other's sonar to steal meals!


Jamming - Standardize the Evidence & Record!

Reactive Solution – Processes, Tools & Technology…

• New standards to being developed for Geolocation Data output (agreed at CabSat 2013 between

SAT Corp, Siemens & Zodiac Aerospace) including ITU request to initialize development of a

standard for all ITU submissions. First draft Geolocation Output Data template being developed;

with a view to creating an ISO standards for Reporting and Processes…

• Develop a Common Database of Events…

Standardized Geo-

Different Operators

Standardized Geo-location Reports from Different Operators

Common Database ITU

Presented by Martin Coleman Executive Director sIRG

Mechanical reflector antennas• beam shape is fixed

• jamming direction detection achieved separately

• isolation from jamming is provided

beam pointing mechanically away

from the jamming direction(s)

TODAY TOMORROW

Active antenna (Earth deck)• beam shaping electronically

• shaping of useful receiving zones

• also used for jamming direction detection

• shaping of receiving beam for exclusion zones

Future Technical Trends – Satellite Receive antennas

Presented by Martin Coleman Executive Director sIRG

Tabriz

Tehran

Jamming – Direction Detection and Isolation

Example simulation:

Active antenna providing

5 uplink zones and isolating

Tabriz and Tehran after

jamming direction detection

Jamming Isolation

Jamming Detection


The Good News…

High Quality, Unaffected

Satellite Services

Amount of Capacity

experiencing Interference…

Could be from Minor

Service Degradation to Full

Outage!!!

The not so good news…

Although a very small percentage of our

capacity is affected, this could be a real

problem for the affected Customer(s) If

they suffer degraded service, or full

outage!

To a Satellite Operator it is a significant cost

in terms of:

− Degraded Customer Service or Unusable

Capacity;

− Staff to Investigate Interference;

− Infrastructure, Monitoring/Geolocation

Systems, and software Tools to analyse

Interference.

What about using our Data?…

…using our Data &

create “Big Data”


Technology Summary…

Satellite…

• Coverage Isolation: Cellular/Multi Beam Infrastructure - e.g. Inmarsat/Ka-Band; Transmit Uplink Spot Beams

• Backup Services slots, Satellite Transponders, Shared Coverage

• Flexibility Frequency/Switching/Processing & cross-strapped Transponders

• Active Arrays: Antenna Beam Shaping & Steerable Beams

• On-Board Geolocation, Data Modules (ESA/QinetiQ)

Ground…

• Better/Accurate/Available/Shared Ephemeris Data (SDA)

• Ensure all Uplinkers have better Monitoring facilities - Spectrum & Carrier

• Set standards for Monitoring & Management Systems

• Develop & Automate Global Reporting Systems

• Geolocation –Standardised Process & Reporting

• Predictive Methods, using Politics/Events; Targeted Content & put a “Watch” on services

• Coordination between IMS, Sat Ops & Commercial Geolocation Ops

• Suppression; Smart Receivers/Filtering; Better Service & Frequency Planning Strategies

• Use of “Big Data” to look for RFI Types, Prediction & Solutions?


THANK YOU!Background & Contact details follow…

satellite Interference Reduction Group


…background on IRG

� The former Satellite Users Interference Reduction Group (SUIRG) was restructured in February 2011 and rebranded:

satellite Interference Reduction Group (IRG) …focused on Technology Solutions!

� It will actively pursue interference reduction by promoting:

� Coordination with other industry organizations to address regulatory issues, and ensure adoption of

Carrier ID

� Investigation and development of new technologies, techniques and processes

� Assist in the development of best operational practices, training and certification programs for

broadcasters, uplinkers and users

through its End User Initiative (EUI) - a division of IRG

� Support & coordinate with APSCC, CASBAA, GVF, MilSatCom, SMi, SSPi, WBU-ISOG and the WTA

� Members total 31, including the major satellite operators

� More input needed, promote new ideas, grow participation, expand industry-wide implementation of

interference mitigation initiatives.


for more Group Information - Contact…

� sIRG: Exec Director: Martin Coleman

Email: [email protected]

� GVF: Secretary General: David Hartshorn


� WBU-ISOG: http://www.worldbroadcastingunions.org/wbuarea/committees/isog.asp

� EUI: Dick Tauber


(…for the Broadcaster perspective)

are dealing with… satellite...

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