arab world competitiveness report 2007. part 11/11

Part 5 Data Tables

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The following pages present the ranks and scores of the 13 Arab World countries included in this Reporton all the variables composing the updated GlobalCompetitiveness Index 2007 (GCI 2007). In addition,for the sake of comparison, 10 additional countries are listed. Numbers to the left of the country namescorrespond to the ranks among the 128 economies covered by the GCI 2007.

The data are organized into nine sections,corresponding to the nine pillars of the GCI 2007:

I. InstitutionsII. Infrastructure

III. MacroeconomyIV. Health and primary educationV. Higher education and training

VI. Market efficiencyVII. Technological readiness

VIII. Business sophisticationIX. Innovation

Two types of data are used in the GCI 2007: Surveydata and hard data.

• Survey data: average responses in each country toquestions included in the World Economic Forum’sExecutive Opinion Survey, conducted in the earlymonths of 2006.

• Hard data: indicators obtained from a variety ofsources.

Survey data

Data yielded from the World Economic Forum’sExecutive Opinion Survey are presented in blue-coloredbar graphs. Questions asked for responses on a scale of 1 to 7, where an answer of 1 corresponds to the lowestpossible score and an answer of 7 corresponds to thehighest possible score. For each Survey variable, theoriginal question and the two extreme answers areshown.The average score for each country—that is, thearithmetic mean of responses from each country—isreported with a precision of one decimal point,although we use exact figures to determine rankings.For example, in the case of variable 6.16 on pay andproductivity, Oman’s average score is 4.36956 andKuwait’s average score is 4.36190.These countries areranked 48th and 49th respectively, although they areboth listed with the same rounded score of 4.4.

A dotted line on the graph indicates the meanscore across the sample of the 128 economies coveredby the GCI 2007—not only across the countries shownin the tables.

Standard deviations are shown next to the bars representing each country’s mean score.The standarddeviation indicates how closely or widely the individualresponses are spread around the mean country score.In other words, it provides information on the extent of agreement on the question within the given country.The smaller the standard deviation, the greater the consensus among respondents.

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RANK COUNTRY SCORE 1 MEAN: 4/6 7 SD

11 Singapore......................6.3 0.8

13 Norway .........................6.3 0.7

15 Japan ............................6.2 1.0

19 Oman............................5.9 1.1

22 United States................5.8 1.3

26 India ..............................5.7 1.3

36 Tunisia...........................5.4 1.3

39 Qatar .............................5.3 1.5

43 United Arab Emirates ...5.1 1.7

47 Jordan...........................5.0 1.5

48 Bahrain..........................5.0 1.7

54 Turkey ...........................4.8 1.5

55 Kuwait...........................4.8 1.8

57 Morocco .......................4.8 1.9

58 Egypt ............................4.7 1.8

61 Mexico..........................4.6 1.5

63 Brazil .............................4.6 1.5

67 Algeria...........................4.5 2.0

83 China.............................4.0 1.5

88 Syria ..............................3.8 1.9

95 Mauritania .....................3.7 1.5

96 Libya .............................3.7 2.1

117 Russian Federation .......3.2 1.5

SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 2006

1.01Property rights

Property rights, including over financial assets (1 = are poorly definedand not protected by law, 7 = are clearly defined and well protectedby law)

RANK COUNTRY SCORE 1 MEAN: 3.9 7 SD

5 Norway .........................6.3 0.6

6 Singapore......................6.3 0.7

9 Oman............................6.2 1.4


19 Qatar .............................5.6 1.8

24 Tunisia...........................5.2 1.3

27 Japan ............................5.0 1.5

28 Kuwait...........................5.0 1.5

29 United States................5.0 1.5

32 Jordan...........................4.9 1.7

37 Libya .............................4.7 2.1

43 Syria ..............................4.4 2.0

44 Egypt ............................4.3 1.7

47 Bahrain..........................4.0 1.8

51 Turkey ...........................3.9 1.5

55 India ..............................3.9 1.6

74 China.............................3.3 1.4

77 Morocco .......................3.3 1.7

80 Algeria...........................3.2 1.7

82 Mexico..........................3.2 1.4

85 Mauritania .....................3.2 1.6


124 Brazil .............................2.1 1.3


1.02Diversion of public funds

In your country, diversion of public funds to companies, individuals,or groups due to corruption (1 = is common, 7 = never occurs)

How to Read the Data TablesTHIERRY GEIGER, World Economic Forum

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Hard data

While Survey data provide qualitative information,hard data are an objective measure of a quantity (forexample, gross domestic product, malaria incidence,number of personal computers, number of proceduresrequired to start a business, and so on).We use the latestdata available from international organizations (such asthe International Monetary Fund, the World Bank,various United Nations agencies, and the InternationalTelecommunication Union).These data are completed,if necessary, by national sources. In the following pages,hard data variables are presented in black-shaded bargraphs.A detailed description and full source for eachvariable can be found in the Technical Notes andSources section at the end of this Report.

When data are not available or are too old,“n/a”is used in lieu of the rank and the value.

In the case of hard data, true ties between two ormore countries are possible. In such cases, shared rankingsare indicated accordingly. For example, the number ofprocedures required to start a business—12—is the samein Syria and the United Arab Emirates.As a result, thetwo are listed with the same rank in Table 6.04.

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RANK COUNTRY HARD DATA

1 Kuwait ...............................36.8

2 Libya ..................................32.2

3 United Arab Emirates ........24.9

4 Qatar..................................19.7

5 Norway ..............................15.8

6 Algeria ...............................14.2

7 Oman.................................10.6

9 Russian Federation..............7.5

10 Bahrain ................................6.2

12 Singapore ............................6.0

57 China..................................–1.3

64 Mexico...............................–1.6

78 Tunisia................................–2.8

88 Brazil ..................................–3.3

92 Syria...................................–3.4

104 United States.....................–4.1

112 Jordan................................–5.2

116 Morocco ............................–5.7

117 Japan .................................–5.8

118 Turkey ................................–5.9

122 Mauritania..........................–6.8

125 India ...................................–7.5

127 Egypt ...............................–10.5

SOURCE: IMF, World Economic Outlook Database (April 2006)

3.01Government balance

Government fiscal surplus/deficit as a percentage of GDP, 2005 ormost recent year available


1 Kuwait ...............................59.0

2 Qatar..................................58.4

3 Libya ..................................57.3

4 Algeria ...............................51.2

5 China .................................47.6

6 Singapore ..........................47.1


10 Norway ..............................37.1

18 Russian Federation............32.1

21 India...................................29.1

25 Bahrain ..............................27.9

27 Japan .................................26.8

29 Morocco ............................25.7

36 Oman.................................24.8

50 Tunisia................................22.1

53 Brazil ..................................21.8

58 Mexico...............................21.0

61 Syria...................................20.9

69 Egypt .................................19.5

77 Turkey ................................18.0

102 United States.....................13.6

119 Mauritania..........................10.0

124 Jordan..................................5.6

SOURCE: IMF, World Economic Outlook April 2006, published version

3.02National savings rate

National savings rate as a percentage of GDP, 2005 or most recentyear available

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Section I: Institutions1.01 Property rights...............................................................2101.02 Diversion of public funds ..............................................2101.03 Public trust of politicians...............................................2111.04 Judicial independence...................................................2111.05 Favoritism in decisions of government officials............2121.06 Government spending ..................................................2121.07 Burden of government regulation.................................2131.08 Business costs of terrorism..........................................2131.09 Reliability of police services..........................................2141.10 Business costs of crime and violence ..........................2141.11 Organized crime............................................................2151.12 Ethical behavior of firms ...............................................2151.13 Efficacy of corporate boards .........................................2161.14 Protection of minority shareholders’ interests..............2161.15 Strength of auditing and accounting standards ............217

Section II: Infrastructure2.01 Overall infrastructure quality .........................................2202.02 Railroad infrastructure...................................................2202.03 Quality of port infrastructure.........................................2212.04 Air transport infrastructure quality ................................2212.05 Quality of electricity supply...........................................2222.06 Telephone lines (hard data) ...........................................222

Section III: Macroeconomy3.01 Government balance (hard data) ...................................2243.02 National savings rate (hard data)...................................2243.03 Inflation (hard data) .......................................................2253.04 Interest rate spread (hard data).....................................2253.05 Government debt (hard data) ........................................2263.06 Real effective exchange rate (hard data) ......................226

Section IV: Health and primary education4.01 Business impact of malaria ...........................................2284.02 Business impact of tuberculosis ...................................2284.03 Business impact of HIV/AIDS .......................................2294.04 Infant mortality (hard data) ............................................2294.05 Life expectancy (hard data) ...........................................2304.06 Tuberculosis prevalence (hard data)..............................2304.07 Malaria prevalence (hard data) ......................................2314.08 HIV prevalence (hard data) ............................................2314.09 Primary enrollment (hard data)......................................232

Section V: Higher education and training5.01 Secondary enrollment (hard data) .................................2345.02 Tertiary enrollment (hard data) ......................................2345.03 Quality of the educational system ................................2355.04 Quality of math and science education ........................2355.05 Quality of management schools ...................................2365.06 Local availability of specialized research

and training services .....................................................2365.07 Extent of staff training .................................................237

Section VI: Market efficiency6.01 Agricultural policy costs ................................................2406.02 Efficiency of legal framework .......................................2406.03 Extent and effect of taxation ........................................2416.04 Number of procedures required to start a

business (hard data) ......................................................2416.05 Time required to start a business (hard data) ...............2426.06 Intensity of local competition........................................2426.07 Effectiveness of antitrust policy....................................2436.08 Imports (hard data)........................................................2436.09 Prevalence of trade barriers ..........................................2446.10 Prevalence of foreign ownership ..................................2446.11 Exports (hard data) ........................................................2456.12 Hiring and firing practices .............................................2456.13 Flexibility of wage determination..................................2466.14 Cooperation in labor-employer relations ......................2466.15 Reliance on professional management.........................2476.16 Pay and productivity......................................................2476.17 Brain drain .....................................................................2486.18 Private-sector employment of women .........................2486.19 Financial market sophistication .....................................2496.20 Ease of access to loans ................................................2496.21 Venture capital availability .............................................2506.22 Soundness of banks......................................................2506.23 Local equity market access ..........................................251

Section VII: Technological readiness7.01 Technological readiness ................................................2547.02 Firm-level technology absorption ..................................2547.03 Laws relating to ICT......................................................2557.04 FDI and technology transfer .........................................2557.05 Mobile telephone subscribers (hard data).....................2567.06 Internet users (hard data)..............................................2567.07 Personal computers (hard data) ....................................257

Section VIII: Business sophistication8.01 Local supplier quantity ..................................................2608.02 Local supplier quality.....................................................2608.03 Production process sophistication ................................2618.04 Extent of marketing ......................................................2618.05 Control of international distribution...............................2628.06 Willingness to delegate authority .................................2628.07 Nature of competitive advantage..................................2638.08 Value chain presence ....................................................263

Section IX: Innovation9.01 Quality of scientific research institutions......................2669.02 Company spending on research and development ......2669.03 University-industry research collaboration ....................2679.04 Government procurement of advanced

technology products .....................................................2679.05 Availability of scientists and engineers .........................2689.06 Utility patents (hard data) ..............................................2689.07 Intellectual property protection .....................................2699.08 Capacity for innovation..................................................269

List of Data Tables

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Section IInstitutions

Data Tables

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11 Singapore......................6.3 0.8

13 Norway .........................6.3 0.7

15 Japan ............................6.2 1.0

19 Oman............................5.9 1.1

22 United States................5.8 1.3

26 India ..............................5.7 1.3

36 Tunisia...........................5.4 1.3

39 Qatar .............................5.3 1.5


47 Jordan...........................5.0 1.5

48 Bahrain..........................5.0 1.7

54 Turkey ...........................4.8 1.5

55 Kuwait...........................4.8 1.8

57 Morocco .......................4.8 1.9

58 Egypt ............................4.7 1.8

61 Mexico..........................4.6 1.5

63 Brazil .............................4.6 1.5

67 Algeria...........................4.5 2.0

83 China.............................4.0 1.5

88 Syria ..............................3.8 1.9

95 Mauritania .....................3.7 1.5

96 Libya .............................3.7 2.1



1.01Property rights

Property rights, including over financial assets (1 = are poorly definedand not protected by law, 7 = are clearly defined and well protectedby law)


5 Norway .........................6.3 0.6

6 Singapore......................6.3 0.7

9 Oman............................6.2 1.4


19 Qatar .............................5.6 1.8

24 Tunisia...........................5.2 1.3

27 Japan ............................5.0 1.5

28 Kuwait...........................5.0 1.5

29 United States................5.0 1.5

32 Jordan...........................4.9 1.7

37 Libya .............................4.7 2.1

43 Syria ..............................4.4 2.0

44 Egypt ............................4.3 1.7

47 Bahrain..........................4.0 1.8

51 Turkey ...........................3.9 1.5

55 India ..............................3.9 1.6

74 China.............................3.3 1.4

77 Morocco .......................3.3 1.7

80 Algeria...........................3.2 1.7

82 Mexico..........................3.2 1.4

85 Mauritania .....................3.2 1.6


124 Brazil .............................2.1 1.3


1.02Diversion of public funds

In your country, diversion of public funds to companies, individuals,or groups due to corruption (1 = is common, 7 = never occurs)

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1 Singapore......................6.3 0.8

7 Norway .........................5.3 1.2


11 Qatar .............................5.0 1.3

13 Tunisia...........................4.6 1.4

18 Oman............................4.2 1.7

25 United States................3.5 1.6

26 Japan ............................3.5 1.5

32 Jordan...........................3.2 1.4

44 Kuwait...........................2.9 1.6

46 China.............................2.8 1.5

47 Algeria...........................2.8 1.3

48 Bahrain..........................2.7 1.4

51 Egypt ............................2.7 1.6

52 Turkey ...........................2.7 1.3

53 Morocco .......................2.7 1.4

58 Mauritania .....................2.5 1.6

60 India ..............................2.4 1.1

63 Syria ..............................2.4 1.4

80 Libya .............................2.1 1.5

88 Mexico..........................2.0 1.0


122 Brazil .............................1.4 0.8


1.03Public trust of politicians

Public trust in the financial honesty of politicians is (1 = very low, 7 = very high)


5 Norway .........................6.3 1.0

14 India ..............................5.9 1.3

20 Qatar .............................5.6 1.4

22 Japan ............................5.6 1.5

29 Singapore......................5.2 1.6

31 Kuwait...........................5.2 1.8

34 Tunisia...........................5.1 1.4

36 United States................5.0 1.6

38 Jordan...........................4.9 1.7

39 Oman............................4.8 1.4

40 Egypt ............................4.8 1.9


50 Libya .............................4.2 2.3

52 Turkey ...........................4.2 1.6

60 Mauritania .....................3.8 1.7

65 Algeria...........................3.7 1.7

69 Mexico..........................3.6 1.6

76 Bahrain..........................3.4 2.0

77 Morocco .......................3.4 1.9

80 China.............................3.4 1.8

88 Syria ..............................3.0 1.8

95 Brazil .............................2.8 1.5



1.04Judicial independence

Is the judiciary in your country independent from political influencesof members of government, citizens, or firms? (1 = no, heavily influenced, 7 = yes, entirely independent)

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5 Singapore......................5.1 1.4

7 Norway .........................5.0 1.1

10 Tunisia...........................4.7 1.2

12 Oman............................4.6 1.6

13 Qatar .............................4.5 1.8

18 Japan ............................4.3 1.6

25 Algeria...........................3.9 1.9


36 Mauritania .....................3.6 2.1

38 India ..............................3.6 1.3

40 United States................3.5 1.5

46 Jordan...........................3.3 1.7

48 Egypt ............................3.2 1.5

51 Libya .............................3.2 1.7

52 Turkey ...........................3.2 1.3

53 Morocco .......................3.2 1.6

56 Bahrain..........................3.1 1.5

62 China.............................3.0 1.6

72 Syria ..............................2.9 1.3

78 Kuwait...........................2.8 1.5

88 Mexico..........................2.7 1.1

90 Brazil .............................2.7 1.4



1.05Favoritism in decisions of government officials

When deciding upon policies and contracts, government officials (1 = usually favor well-connected firms and individuals, 7 = are neutral)


1 Singapore......................5.9 0.7

3 Tunisia...........................5.3 1.0

4 Qatar .............................5.2 1.4


12 Norway .........................4.7 1.1

14 Oman............................4.7 1.4

28 United States................3.9 1.5

31 Bahrain..........................3.7 1.4

36 Algeria...........................3.7 1.8

37 Jordan...........................3.7 1.3

42 India ..............................3.6 1.2

47 Mexico..........................3.4 1.2

52 Morocco .......................3.4 1.5

54 China.............................3.3 1.6

55 Kuwait...........................3.3 1.5

59 Turkey ...........................3.3 1.3

64 Egypt ............................3.2 1.6

72 Libya .............................3.0 1.6

76 Japan ............................3.0 1.5

78 Syria ..............................3.0 1.5


108 Mauritania .....................2.5 1.5

122 Brazil .............................1.9 1.1


1.06Government spending

Public spending in your country (1 = is wasteful, 7 = provides necessary goods and services not provided by the market)

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2 Singapore......................5.1 1.3

6 Mauritania .....................4.6 2.2


11 Tunisia...........................4.2 1.4

16 Qatar .............................3.9 1.4

20 Norway .........................3.8 1.4

24 Jordan...........................3.6 1.4

25 Japan ............................3.6 1.3

27 United States................3.6 1.5

32 Bahrain..........................3.4 1.7

35 China.............................3.4 1.4

37 Oman............................3.4 2.2

48 Morocco .......................3.1 1.6

63 Algeria...........................3.0 1.5

65 Turkey ...........................3.0 1.1

68 India ..............................2.9 1.4

73 Kuwait...........................2.9 1.6

74 Egypt ............................2.9 1.6

86 Syria ..............................2.7 1.4

96 Mexico..........................2.6 1.2

99 Libya .............................2.6 1.6


127 Brazil .............................1.9 1.1


1.07Burden of government regulation

Complying with administrative requirements (permits, regulations,reporting) issued by the government in your country is (1 = burdensome, 7 = not burdensome)


3 Brazil .............................6.2 1.5

14 Oman............................5.9 1.7

16 Tunisia...........................5.9 1.4

19 Libya .............................5.8 2.0

29 Syria ..............................5.7 1.8

40 Mauritania .....................5.4 2.1


49 Norway .........................5.3 1.8

49 Qatar .............................5.3 1.5

54 Mexico..........................5.3 1.7

74 Kuwait...........................5.1 1.7

80 Singapore......................5.0 1.5

87 India ..............................4.8 1.6

91 Morocco .......................4.7 1.8

93 Turkey ...........................4.6 1.7

99 Jordan...........................4.4 1.8

100 Japan ............................4.4 1.7

102 Bahrain..........................4.3 1.9

105 Egypt ............................4.3 2.2


107 China.............................4.2 1.7

114 United States................3.8 1.7

118 Algeria...........................3.7 2.2


1.08Business costs of terrorism

The threat of terrorism in your country (1 = imposes significant costson business, 7 = does not impose significant costs on business)

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3 Oman............................6.5 1.0

4 Singapore......................6.5 0.6

8 Norway .........................6.2 0.9

11 Jordan...........................6.0 1.2


17 United States................5.7 1.4

18 Japan ............................5.7 1.2

22 Qatar .............................5.5 1.6

25 Tunisia...........................5.5 1.3

27 Kuwait...........................5.4 1.4

34 Algeria...........................5.1 1.5

36 Morocco .......................5.0 1.7

46 Syria ..............................4.5 2.0

47 Egypt ............................4.5 1.8

49 Turkey ...........................4.5 1.4

50 India ..............................4.5 1.5

56 Bahrain..........................4.4 2.0

63 Mauritania .....................4.2 1.7

66 Libya .............................4.1 2.1

67 China.............................4.0 1.5

108 Mexico..........................3.0 1.4


111 Brazil .............................2.9 1.5


1.09Reliability of police services

Police services (1 = cannot be relied upon to protect businesses from criminals, 7 = can be relied upon to protect businesses fromcriminals)


3 Oman............................6.7 0.7

5 Singapore......................6.6 0.7

10 Norway .........................6.4 0.8

11 Jordan...........................6.2 0.8


13 Japan ............................6.1 1.2

14 Qatar .............................6.0 1.4

20 Syria ..............................5.8 1.5

22 Kuwait...........................5.6 1.6

23 Tunisia...........................5.6 1.4

25 Libya .............................5.6 1.7

27 India ..............................5.6 1.5

45 United States................5.0 1.6

47 Morocco .......................5.0 1.8

50 Bahrain..........................4.9 1.7

51 Egypt ............................4.8 1.8

54 Turkey ...........................4.7 1.6

61 Mauritania .....................4.5 1.6

73 China.............................4.0 1.7

83 Algeria...........................3.8 2.0


115 Brazil .............................2.7 1.6

120 Mexico..........................2.4 1.2


1.10Business costs of crime and violence

The incidence of common crime and violence (e.g., street muggings,firms being looted) (1 = imposes significant costs on businesses, 7 = does not impose significant costs on businesses)

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3 Oman............................6.7 0.7

5 Singapore......................6.6 0.8

6 Jordan...........................6.5 0.9

9 Norway .........................6.5 0.7

10 Libya .............................6.5 1.0

14 Kuwait...........................6.3 1.1


19 Qatar .............................6.2 1.3

20 Syria ..............................6.2 1.5

21 Bahrain..........................6.1 1.4

30 Egypt ............................5.8 1.7

42 Tunisia...........................5.5 1.6

46 Japan ............................5.4 1.5

47 India ..............................5.4 1.4

49 Morocco .......................5.3 1.7

58 United States................5.0 1.5

63 Mauritania .....................4.9 1.6

70 Algeria...........................4.7 1.8

73 Turkey ...........................4.6 1.5


95 China.............................3.8 1.7

113 Brazil .............................3.3 1.7

117 Mexico..........................3.1 1.6


1.11Organized crime

Organized crime (mafia-oriented racketeering, extortion) in yourcountry (1 = imposes significant costs on businesses, 7 = does notimpose significant costs on businesses)


6 Singapore......................6.2 0.8

8 Norway .........................6.1 0.8

19 Japan ............................5.6 1.1

21 United States................5.5 1.3

22 Oman............................5.5 1.3


29 Tunisia...........................5.0 1.0

32 Qatar .............................4.8 1.3

34 Kuwait...........................4.8 1.1

42 Bahrain..........................4.6 1.2

43 Mexico..........................4.6 1.3

44 Jordan...........................4.5 1.2

46 India ..............................4.5 1.1

48 Turkey ...........................4.4 1.2

50 Egypt ............................4.4 1.2

58 Syria ..............................4.2 1.4

69 Libya .............................4.1 1.5

70 Algeria...........................4.1 1.3

73 Mauritania .....................4.0 1.5

75 Brazil .............................4.0 1.3

96 Morocco .......................3.7 1.4

107 China.............................3.5 1.3



1.12Ethical behavior of firms

The corporate ethics (ethical behavior in interactions with public officials, politicians, and other enterprises) of firms in your countryare (1 = among the world’s worst, 7 = among the best in the world)

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13 Norway .........................5.5 0.7

15 United States................5.5 1.3

16 Singapore......................5.4 1.0

27 Oman............................5.2 0.9

28 India ..............................5.1 1.1

31 Japan ............................5.1 1.1

32 Qatar .............................5.1 1.4


51 Mexico..........................4.7 1.2

58 Tunisia...........................4.6 1.6


66 Brazil .............................4.5 1.3

72 Jordan...........................4.4 1.4

74 Bahrain..........................4.4 1.4

80 Egypt ............................4.3 1.7

84 Turkey ...........................4.3 1.2

92 Mauritania .....................4.2 1.6

94 Kuwait...........................4.1 1.6

102 Morocco .......................4.0 1.7

107 Algeria...........................3.9 1.6

118 Syria ..............................3.8 1.7

121 China.............................3.7 1.5

127 Libya .............................3.0 1.8


1.13Efficacy of corporate boards

Corporate governance by investors and boards of directors in yourcountry is characterized by (1 = management has little accountability,7 = investors and boards exert strong supervision of managementdecisions)


12 Norway .........................5.7 1.2

13 India ..............................5.6 1.1

16 United States................5.6 1.3

19 Tunisia...........................5.5 1.5

22 Singapore......................5.4 1.1

23 Oman............................5.3 1.0

27 Qatar .............................5.2 1.4

32 Japan ............................5.0 1.3

38 Algeria...........................4.9 1.7

40 Bahrain..........................4.8 1.8

44 Jordan...........................4.8 1.6

45 Brazil .............................4.7 1.5


55 Mexico..........................4.6 1.4

59 Turkey ...........................4.5 1.6

61 Egypt ............................4.4 1.8

64 Morocco .......................4.4 1.9

66 Kuwait...........................4.4 1.8

68 Mauritania .....................4.2 1.4

76 Libya .............................4.1 2.0

92 Syria ..............................3.9 1.8

116 China.............................3.3 1.5



1.14Protection of minority shareholders’ interests

Interests of minority shareholders in your country are (1 = not protected by law and seldom recognized by majority shareholders, 7 = protected by law and actively enforced)

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18 Norway .........................6.0 0.6

19 Singapore......................6.0 0.6

21 India ..............................6.0 0.9

22 United States................5.9 1.1

28 Bahrain..........................5.6 0.8

31 Japan ............................5.5 1.0

32 Oman............................5.5 1.0

36 Kuwait...........................5.4 1.2


41 Qatar .............................5.3 1.3

48 Jordan...........................5.1 1.1

50 Tunisia...........................5.1 0.9

61 Turkey ...........................4.8 1.1

62 Brazil .............................4.8 1.4

64 Mexico..........................4.7 1.1

72 Egypt ............................4.5 1.6

88 Morocco .......................4.0 1.5


102 Algeria...........................3.7 1.5

109 China.............................3.6 1.4

116 Libya .............................3.4 1.8

119 Mauritania .....................3.3 1.5

124 Syria ..............................3.2 1.6


1.15Strength of auditing and accounting standards

Financial auditing and reporting standards regarding company financial performance in your country are (1 = extremely weak, 7 = extremely strong—the best in the world)

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219

Section IIInfrastructure

Data Tables

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2 Singapore......................6.6 0.5

8 Japan ............................6.3 1.1

11 United States................6.1 1.2


20 Norway .........................5.5 1.0

22 Oman............................5.4 0.8

32 Bahrain..........................4.9 1.3

33 Kuwait...........................4.9 1.4

37 Tunisia...........................4.7 1.2

40 Jordan...........................4.6 1.1

45 Qatar .............................4.4 1.5

57 Egypt ............................3.8 1.5

60 Morocco .......................3.7 1.6

61 Mexico..........................3.6 1.1

65 Turkey ...........................3.5 1.1

66 China.............................3.4 1.4

70 India ..............................3.3 1.3

72 Algeria...........................3.1 1.2

74 Syria ..............................3.1 1.3

81 Brazil .............................2.9 1.3


109 Libya .............................2.2 1.4

126 Mauritania .....................1.7 1.0


2.01Overall infrastructure quality

General infrastructure in your country is (1 = underdeveloped, 7 = as extensive and efficient as the world’s best)


2 Japan ............................6.6 0.9

9 Singapore......................5.7 1.3

15 United States................5.1 1.5

21 India ..............................4.7 1.3

24 Norway .........................4.4 1.2

25 Tunisia...........................4.4 1.3


33 China.............................3.8 1.4

47 Egypt ............................3.3 1.6

50 Morocco .......................3.1 1.6

60 Qatar .............................2.6 2.2

61 Syria ..............................2.5 1.4

66 Mexico..........................2.4 1.1

68 Turkey ...........................2.3 1.1

73 Algeria...........................2.0 0.9


76 Jordan...........................2.0 1.2

80 Kuwait...........................1.9 1.5

81 Mauritania .....................1.8 1.2

82 Brazil .............................1.8 1.1

93 Bahrain..........................1.6 1.2

108 Oman............................1.4 1.3

120 Libya .............................1.2 0.7


2.02Railroad infrastructure

Railroads in your country are (1 = underdeveloped, 7 = as extensiveand efficient as the world’s best)

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1 Singapore......................6.9 0.4

8 Japan ............................6.0 0.8


15 United States................5.7 1.3

17 Norway .........................5.6 0.9

26 Bahrain..........................5.3 1.1

28 Oman............................5.1 1.2

35 Tunisia...........................4.8 1.1

43 Qatar .............................4.5 1.5

48 Kuwait...........................4.2 1.5

50 Jordan...........................4.0 1.3

54 Morocco .......................3.8 1.6

56 China.............................3.7 1.3

62 Egypt ............................3.5 1.6

62 India ..............................3.5 1.4

65 Mexico..........................3.4 1.2


77 Turkey ...........................3.1 1.3

79 Algeria...........................3.1 1.3

84 Syria ..............................2.9 1.4

90 Brazil .............................2.7 1.4

101 Mauritania .....................2.4 1.4

105 Libya .............................2.3 1.4


2.03Quality of port infrastructure

Port facilities and inland waterways in your country are (1 = underdeveloped, 7 = as developed as the world’s best)


1 Singapore......................6.9 0.4


8 Japan ............................6.4 0.8

11 United States................6.2 1.3

19 Norway .........................5.9 0.9

35 Qatar .............................5.4 1.5

37 Bahrain..........................5.4 1.1

41 Oman............................5.2 1.0

47 India ..............................5.1 1.4

48 Kuwait...........................5.0 1.5

49 Jordan...........................5.0 1.3

50 Tunisia...........................5.0 1.1

55 Turkey ...........................4.7 1.3

56 Mexico..........................4.7 1.2

57 Egypt ............................4.7 1.6

58 Brazil .............................4.6 1.4

66 Morocco .......................4.5 1.6


89 Syria ..............................3.7 1.5

91 China.............................3.7 1.3

93 Algeria...........................3.5 1.3

113 Libya .............................2.9 1.7

121 Mauritania .....................2.5 1.4


2.04Air transport infrastructure quality

Passenger air transport in your country is (1 = infrequent, limited, andinefficient, 7 = as frequent, extensive, and efficient as the world’s best)

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ruct

ure


3 Japan ............................6.9 0.7

11 Singapore......................6.6 0.6


15 Norway .........................6.6 0.6

19 Kuwait...........................6.3 0.9

20 United States................6.3 1.1

28 Oman............................6.1 0.8

35 Jordan...........................5.6 1.0

39 Tunisia...........................5.5 1.1

42 Bahrain..........................5.4 1.2

44 Qatar .............................5.4 1.7

53 Morocco .......................5.0 1.5

54 Egypt ............................5.0 1.3

57 Brazil .............................5.0 1.4

70 Algeria...........................4.2 1.6

72 Turkey ...........................4.1 1.3

74 Mexico..........................4.1 1.5

78 Libya .............................4.0 1.6

80 Syria ..............................4.0 1.5

82 China.............................3.9 1.4


100 India ..............................3.1 1.4

106 Mauritania .....................3.0 1.5


2.05Quality of electricity supply

The quality of electricity supply in your country (lack of interruptionsand lack of voltage fluctuations) is (1 = worse than in most othercountries, 7 = meets the highest standards in the world)


6 United States.....................60.6

21 Norway ..............................46.1

23 Japan .................................45.9

25 Singapore ..........................43.5



46 Bahrain ..............................27.0

47 China .................................26.6

48 Qatar..................................26.4

50 Turkey ................................25.9

55 Brazil ..................................23.0

62 Kuwait ...............................19.0

64 Mexico...............................18.2

69 Syria...................................15.2

73 Egypt .................................14.0

75 Libya ..................................13.6

80 Tunisia................................12.5

81 Jordan................................11.4

83 Oman.................................10.3

90 Algeria .................................7.8

99 India.....................................4.5

100 Morocco ..............................4.4

109 Mauritania............................1.3

SOURCE: International Telecommunication Union, WorldTelecommunication Indicators 2006

2.06Telephone lines

Main telephone lines per 100 inhabitants, 2005

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Section IIIMacroeconomy

Data Tables

223

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1 Kuwait ...............................36.8

2 Libya ..................................32.2


4 Qatar..................................19.7

5 Norway ..............................15.8

6 Algeria ...............................14.2

7 Oman.................................10.6


10 Bahrain ................................6.2

12 Singapore ............................6.0

57 China..................................–1.3

64 Mexico...............................–1.6

78 Tunisia................................–2.8

88 Brazil ..................................–3.3

92 Syria...................................–3.4

104 United States.....................–4.1

112 Jordan................................–5.2

116 Morocco ............................–5.7

117 Japan .................................–5.8

118 Turkey ................................–5.9

122 Mauritania..........................–6.8

125 India ...................................–7.5

127 Egypt ...............................–10.5


3.01Government balance

Government fiscal surplus/deficit as a percentage of GDP, 2005 ormost recent year available


1 Kuwait ...............................59.0

2 Qatar..................................58.4

3 Libya ..................................57.3

4 Algeria ...............................51.2

5 China .................................47.6

6 Singapore ..........................47.1


10 Norway ..............................37.1


21 India...................................29.1

25 Bahrain ..............................27.9

27 Japan .................................26.8

29 Morocco ............................25.7

36 Oman.................................24.8

50 Tunisia................................22.1

53 Brazil ..................................21.8

58 Mexico...............................21.0

61 Syria...................................20.9

69 Egypt .................................19.5

77 Turkey ................................18.0

102 United States.....................13.6

119 Mauritania..........................10.0

124 Jordan..................................5.6

SOURCE: IMF, World Economic Outlook April 2006, published version

3.02National savings rate

National savings rate as a percentage of GDP, 2005 or most recentyear available

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1 Japan .................................–0.3

2 Singapore ............................0.5

8 Morocco ..............................1.0

13 Algeria .................................1.6

13 Norway ................................1.6

16 China ...................................1.8

19 Oman...................................1.9

22 Tunisia..................................2.0

34 Libya ....................................2.5

39 Bahrain ................................2.6

47 Qatar....................................3.0

53 United States.......................3.4

56 Jordan..................................3.5

60 Kuwait .................................3.9

61 Mexico.................................4.0

65 India.....................................4.2

80 United Arab Emirates ..........6.0

85 Brazil ....................................6.9

90 Syria.....................................7.2

97 Turkey ..................................8.2

112 Egypt .................................11.4

114 Mauritania..........................12.1



3.03Inflation

Annual percent change in consumer price index, average for 2005


2 Japan ...................................1.4

9 Norway ................................2.2

13 Libya ....................................2.5

16 United States.......................2.7

22 Tunisia..................................3.0

24 Syria.....................................3.1

27 China ...................................3.3

36 Oman...................................3.7

40 Qatar....................................4.0

42 Kuwait .................................4.0


53 Jordan..................................4.7

54 India.....................................4.8

57 Singapore ............................4.9

63 Turkey ..................................5.6

67 Egypt ...................................5.9

73 Algeria .................................6.3

74 Mexico.................................6.4


80 Bahrain ................................7.1

87 Morocco ..............................8.0

121 Brazil ..................................37.8

n/a Mauritania............................n/a

SOURCE: IMF, International Financial Statistics; Economist IntelligenceUnit, CountryData Database (June 2006)

3.04Interest rate spread

Average interest rate spread, 2005

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2 Libya ....................................1.2


10 Oman.................................11.0

12 Kuwait ...............................13.0


23 China .................................22.3

25 Qatar..................................24.5

28 Algeria ...............................28.5

47 Mexico...............................43.8

53 Norway ..............................46.4

70 Tunisia................................56.9

73 Syria...................................59.9

76 United States.....................62.9

85 Morocco ............................70.0

86 Brazil ..................................71.4

89 Turkey ................................72.8

91 India...................................83.8

93 Jordan................................86.2

100 Singapore ..........................99.6

104 Egypt ...............................108.2

106 Mauritania........................109.3

111 Japan ...............................175.5

n/a Bahrain.................................n/a

SOURCE: IMF

3.05Government debt

Net domestic and external debt contracted by the government in percent of GDP, 2005


1 Libya ................................–68.2

5 Egypt ...............................–29.0

13 Algeria..............................–16.5

16 Oman...............................–14.9

20 Tunisia..............................–12.4

21 Syria.................................–12.4

24 Japan ...............................–10.0

25 Bahrain...............................–9.8

29 Singapore...........................–8.4

32 China..................................–7.5

38 United States.....................–6.1

40 Jordan................................–5.8

41 United Arab Emirates ........–5.6

43 Kuwait................................–4.9

45 Morocco ............................–4.7

46 Mauritania..........................–4.6

61 Mexico.................................0.1

62 Brazil ....................................0.2

73 Qatar....................................2.1

81 India.....................................4.5

85 Norway ................................5.2


120 Turkey ................................22.1

SOURCE: IMF, Information Notice Systems Database (June 2006)

3.06Real effective exchange rate

Real effective exchange rate 2005 relative to the 1997–2004 average

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Section IVHealth and primary education

Data Tables

227

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3 Norway .........................6.9 0.5

7 Bahrain..........................6.8 0.5

28 Turkey ...........................6.6 0.8

32 Jordan...........................6.6 0.8

34 Kuwait...........................6.6 1.1

35 Tunisia...........................6.6 0.6


43 Syria ..............................6.4 1.4

46 Japan ............................6.4 1.1

47 Mexico..........................6.4 1.1

48 Oman............................6.4 1.3


55 Brazil .............................6.2 1.2

56 Qatar .............................6.2 1.2

59 Egypt ............................6.2 1.6

64 United States................6.1 1.4

65 Algeria...........................6.1 1.8

66 Morocco .......................6.0 1.7

67 Singapore......................6.0 1.2

74 Libya .............................5.9 2.0

87 India ..............................5.5 1.5

89 China.............................5.5 1.6

110 Mauritania .....................4.1 1.6


4.01Business impact of malaria

How serious do you consider the future impact of malaria on yourcompany in the next 5 years? (1 = extremely serious, 7 = not a problem)


5 Norway .........................6.8 0.7

18 Kuwait...........................6.5 1.2

24 Turkey ...........................6.5 0.9

27 Tunisia...........................6.4 0.8

31 Jordan...........................6.4 1.0

32 Syria ..............................6.4 1.4

33 Bahrain..........................6.4 1.1

40 Mexico..........................6.3 1.1

41 Brazil .............................6.2 1.3


44 Oman............................6.2 1.1

45 Qatar .............................6.2 1.1

46 Japan ............................6.2 1.3

48 Singapore......................6.2 1.2

49 United States................6.1 1.3

58 Egypt ............................5.9 1.8

64 Algeria...........................5.8 1.8

68 Morocco .......................5.7 1.9


78 China.............................5.5 1.6

83 Libya .............................5.5 2.2

85 India ..............................5.4 1.6

104 Mauritania .....................4.4 1.6


4.02Business impact of tuberculosis

How serious do you consider the future impact of tuberculosis on your company in the next 5 years? (1 = extremely serious, 7 = not a problem)

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1 Norway .........................6.6 0.7

9 Turkey ...........................6.3 1.1

12 Tunisia...........................6.3 0.9

14 Oman............................6.3 1.1

20 Kuwait...........................6.1 1.5

23 Jordan...........................6.1 1.2

24 Syria ..............................6.0 1.7

26 Qatar .............................6.0 1.2

29 Bahrain..........................5.9 1.3

38 Singapore......................5.7 1.2

41 Japan ............................5.7 1.5



50 Brazil .............................5.6 1.5

53 Egypt ............................5.6 2.0

58 Algeria...........................5.3 2.1

60 Mexico..........................5.3 1.4

65 China.............................5.2 1.8

73 United States................5.1 1.7

81 Morocco .......................4.6 2.2

82 Libya .............................4.6 2.3

98 India ..............................4.0 1.9

106 Mauritania .....................3.4 2.1


4.03Business impact of HIV/AIDS

How serious do you consider the future impact of HIV/AIDS on yourcompany in the next 5 years? (1 = extremely serious, 7 = not a problem)


1 Singapore ............................2.0

3 Japan ...................................3.0

3 Norway ................................3.0

32 United States.......................6.0


41 Bahrain ................................9.0

43 Kuwait ...............................10.0

43 Oman.................................10.0

43 Qatar..................................10.0


58 Libya ..................................15.0

58 Syria...................................15.0

70 Tunisia................................21.0

72 Jordan................................23.0

72 Mexico...............................23.0

78 China .................................26.0

78 Egypt .................................26.0

82 Turkey ................................28.0

88 Brazil ..................................32.0

90 Algeria ...............................35.0

91 Morocco ............................38.0

102 India...................................62.0

108 Mauritania..........................78.0

SOURCE: World Health Organization, World Health Statistics 2006

4.04Infant mortality

Infant (children aged 0–12 months) mortality per 1,000 live births, 2004

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1 Japan .................................82.0

8 Norway ..............................80.0

8 Singapore ..........................80.0

24 United States.....................78.0

29 Kuwait ...............................77.0


36 Qatar..................................76.0

45 Bahrain ..............................74.0

45 Mexico...............................74.0

45 Oman.................................74.0

54 China .................................72.0

54 Libya ..................................72.0

54 Syria...................................72.0

54 Tunisia................................72.0

69 Algeria ...............................71.0

69 Jordan................................71.0

69 Morocco ............................71.0

69 Turkey ................................71.0

78 Brazil ..................................70.0

82 Egypt .................................68.0


100 India...................................62.0

105 Mauritania..........................58.0

SOURCE: World Health Organization, The World Health Report 2006

4.05Life expectancy

Life expectancy at birth (years), 2004


3 United States.......................3.6

4 Norway ................................4.1

8 Jordan..................................5.0

28 Oman.................................12.4

34 Libya ..................................20.0

36 Tunisia................................24.0


39 Kuwait ...............................29.8

45 Egypt .................................34.9

47 Japan .................................39.4

48 Singapore ..........................40.8

49 Mexico...............................43.2

51 Turkey ................................44.8

53 Bahrain ..............................49.8

55 Syria...................................50.8

59 Algeria ...............................53.9

66 Qatar..................................76.6

67 Brazil ..................................76.7

76 Morocco ..........................105.2

87 Russian Federation..........160.3

95 China ...............................221.1

103 India.................................312.2

112 Mauritania........................502.4

SOURCE: World Health Organization, World Health Statistics 2006, The World Health Report 2006 Edition

4.06Tuberculosis prevalence

Estimated number of tuberculosis cases per 100,000 inhabitants, 2004

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1 Bahrain ................................0.0

1 Egypt ...................................0.0

1 Japan ...................................0.0

1 Jordan..................................0.0

1 Kuwait .................................0.0

1 Norway ................................0.0

1 Qatar....................................0.0


1 Singapore ............................0.0

1 Tunisia..................................0.0


1 United States.......................0.0

56 Syria.....................................0.0

61 Oman...................................0.2

62 Libya ....................................0.2

63 Morocco ..............................0.2

66 Algeria .................................1.0

73 China ...................................3.1

74 Mexico.................................3.2

79 Turkey ................................12.9

97 India.................................167.2

101 Brazil ................................254.2

114 Mauritania.....................5,979.4

SOURCE: World Health Organization and UNICEF, World Malaria Report2005; World Health Organization Regional Offices; UNFPA,State of World Population 2005

4.07Malaria prevalence

Estimated number of malaria cases per 100,000 inhabitants, 2004 or most recent year available


1 Egypt ...................................0.0

1 Japan ...................................0.0

1 Jordan..................................0.0

1 Kuwait .................................0.0

1 Qatar....................................0.0

1 Syria.....................................0.0

1 Tunisia..................................0.0

1 Turkey ..................................0.0

27 Libya ....................................0.0

28 Algeria .................................0.1

28 China ...................................0.1

28 Morocco ..............................0.1

28 Norway ................................0.1

28 Oman...................................0.1


52 Bahrain ................................0.2

52 Singapore ............................0.2

66 Mexico.................................0.3

82 Mauritania............................0.6

82 United States.......................0.6

86 Brazil ....................................0.7

92 India.....................................0.9


SOURCE: World Health Organization, World Health Statistics 2006, TheWorld Health Report 2006 Edition; national sources

4.08HIV prevalence

HIV prevalence as a percentage of adults aged 15–49 years, 2003 or most recent year available

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1 Japan .................................99.9

11 Norway ..............................98.9

21 Mexico...............................97.8

26 Tunisia................................97.6

33 Bahrain ..............................96.8

35 Algeria ...............................96.7

36 Brazil ..................................96.5

37 Singapore ..........................96.4

41 Egypt .................................95.4

47 Qatar..................................94.8

48 China .................................94.6

49 Syria...................................94.5

62 United States.....................92.4


70 Jordan................................91.1

77 India...................................89.7

81 Turkey ................................89.3

89 Libya ..................................87.0

94 Morocco ............................86.1

96 Kuwait ...............................86.0

107 Oman.................................77.9

111 Mauritania..........................74.3


SOURCE: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (June 2006); United NationsStatistics Division

4.09Primary enrollment

Net primary education enrollment rate, 2004 or most recent yearavailable

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Section VHigher education and training

Data Tables

233

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tion

and

train

ing


5 Norway ............................115.6

17 Libya ................................104.0

20 Brazil ................................102.0

21 Japan ...............................101.6

27 Bahrain ..............................98.8

32 Singapore ..........................98.0

34 Qatar..................................96.8

42 United States.....................94.8


52 Kuwait ...............................89.9

60 Jordan................................87.4

61 Egypt .................................87.1

62 Oman.................................86.4

74 Tunisia................................81.3

75 Algeria ...............................80.7

76 Mexico...............................79.7

77 Turkey ................................79.2

85 China .................................72.5


95 Syria...................................63.2

99 India...................................53.5

103 Morocco ............................47.6

119 Mauritania..........................20.2

SOURCE: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (June 2006); national sources

5.01Secondary enrollment

Gross secondary enrollment rate, 2004 or most recent year available


4 United States.....................82.0

5 Norway ..............................80.0


29 Libya ..................................56.0

32 Japan .................................54.0

36 Singapore ..........................47.0

47 Jordan................................39.0

56 Bahrain ..............................34.0

57 Egypt .................................33.0

61 Tunisia................................29.0

61 Turkey ................................29.0

72 Mexico...............................23.0

73 Kuwait ...............................22.0


75 Algeria ...............................20.0

75 Brazil ..................................20.0

77 China .................................19.0

77 Qatar..................................19.0

90 Syria...................................13.6

91 Oman.................................13.0

94 India...................................11.0

94 Morocco ............................11.0

107 Mauritania............................3.0

SOURCE: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (June 2006); World Bank,World Development Indicators 2006

5.02Tertiary enrollment

Gross tertiary enrollment rate, 2004 or most recent year available

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2 Singapore......................6.0 0.8

11 Tunisia...........................5.1 1.1

15 United States................5.0 1.4

17 Norway .........................5.0 1.2

19 Japan ............................4.9 1.3

20 Qatar .............................4.9 1.4

25 India ..............................4.7 1.5


38 Oman............................4.2 1.8

45 Jordan...........................4.0 1.6


63 Kuwait...........................3.5 1.5

74 Turkey ...........................3.2 1.5

80 Bahrain..........................3.2 1.7

83 Mexico..........................3.1 1.4

88 China.............................3.0 1.5

92 Morocco .......................2.9 1.5

93 Algeria...........................2.9 1.4

99 Syria ..............................2.9 1.6

106 Egypt ............................2.7 1.5

112 Mauritania .....................2.6 1.2

116 Brazil .............................2.5 1.4

123 Libya .............................2.2 1.5


5.03Quality of the educational system

The educational system in your country (1 = does not meet the needsof a competitive economy, 7 = meets the needs of a competitiveeconomy)


1 Singapore......................6.3 0.8

7 India ..............................5.7 1.1

9 Tunisia...........................5.6 1.0

14 Japan ............................5.4 1.3

38 Qatar .............................4.7 1.2


42 United States................4.5 1.4


49 Morocco .......................4.4 1.5

54 Norway .........................4.4 1.2

56 Jordan...........................4.3 1.5

57 Turkey ...........................4.3 1.3

59 Oman............................4.3 1.6

62 Kuwait...........................4.1 1.7

63 China.............................4.1 1.5

74 Algeria...........................3.7 1.4

78 Syria ..............................3.7 1.6

87 Libya .............................3.5 1.7

89 Bahrain..........................3.4 1.6

96 Egypt ............................3.2 1.5

97 Mauritania .....................3.1 1.8

101 Brazil .............................2.9 1.5

104 Mexico..........................2.9 1.2


5.04Quality of math and science education

Math and science education in your country’s schools (1 = lag farbehind most other countries, 7 = are among the best in the world)

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3 India ..............................6.0 0.9

6 United States................5.8 1.3

8 Singapore......................5.7 0.8

20 Tunisia...........................5.3 1.1

23 Norway .........................5.3 0.9

26 Morocco .......................5.1 1.2

40 Qatar .............................4.6 1.3

43 Mexico..........................4.5 1.2


59 Japan ............................4.2 1.3

60 Kuwait...........................4.2 1.4

61 Turkey ...........................4.2 1.3

63 Oman............................4.2 1.5

65 Brazil .............................4.1 1.4

77 Jordan...........................3.7 1.5

78 Bahrain..........................3.7 1.7


89 Egypt ............................3.5 1.4

91 Algeria...........................3.5 1.3

93 China.............................3.4 1.3

106 Syria ..............................3.2 1.4

118 Libya .............................2.9 1.5

126 Mauritania .....................2.4 1.4


5.05Quality of management schools

Management or business schools in your country are (1 = limited or of poor quality, 7 = among the best in the world)


1 Japan ............................6.1 0.8

5 United States................6.0 1.1

15 Norway .........................5.2 0.9

17 Singapore......................5.1 1.1

28 India ..............................4.7 1.4

32 Brazil .............................4.6 1.4

33 Tunisia...........................4.6 1.4

41 Turkey ...........................4.3 1.1


43 Oman............................4.3 2.2

47 China.............................4.2 1.3

48 Mexico..........................4.2 1.4

54 Kuwait...........................4.0 1.5

58 Qatar .............................3.9 1.9

59 Morocco .......................3.9 1.7

63 Jordan...........................3.9 1.5


80 Egypt ............................3.5 1.5

97 Bahrain..........................3.1 1.7

98 Libya .............................3.1 1.6

100 Syria ..............................3.1 1.5

103 Algeria...........................3.0 1.4

124 Mauritania .....................2.2 1.8


5.06Local availability of specialized research and training services

In your country, specialized research and training services are (1 = not available, 7 = available from world-class local institutions)

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3 Japan ............................5.9 0.9

9 United States................5.6 1.2

10 Norway .........................5.5 0.9

12 Singapore......................5.4 1.0

28 India ..............................4.8 1.3

32 Oman............................4.5 1.5

37 Tunisia...........................4.3 1.5


39 Brazil .............................4.2 1.3

40 Turkey ...........................4.2 1.1

47 Kuwait...........................3.9 1.6

48 Mexico..........................3.9 1.3

58 Qatar .............................3.7 1.7

60 Bahrain..........................3.7 1.8

61 Jordan...........................3.6 1.5

77 China.............................3.4 1.3

78 Mauritania .....................3.3 1.8

84 Egypt ............................3.3 1.7

86 Syria ..............................3.2 1.4

87 Morocco .......................3.2 1.5

100 Algeria...........................3.0 1.4


109 Libya .............................2.7 1.8


5.07Extent of staff training

The general approach of companies in your country to humanresources is (1 = to invest little in training and employee development,7 = to invest heavily to attract, train and retain employees)

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Data Tables

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5 Tunisia...........................4.7 1.3

6 Singapore......................4.7 1.2


8 China.............................4.7 1.4

15 Algeria...........................4.4 1.5

17 Oman............................4.4 1.1

21 Bahrain..........................4.3 1.6

25 United States................4.1 1.3

38 Qatar .............................4.0 1.4

40 Brazil .............................4.0 1.5

55 Kuwait...........................3.7 1.4

57 India ..............................3.7 1.4

60 Jordan...........................3.7 1.1

64 Syria ..............................3.6 1.6

92 Egypt ............................3.4 1.5

98 Morocco .......................3.3 1.7

104 Mexico..........................3.3 1.1

106 Libya .............................3.2 1.5

115 Turkey ...........................2.9 1.0


118 Japan ............................2.9 1.4

119 Mauritania .....................2.9 1.8

122 Norway .........................2.9 1.2


6.01Agricultural policy costs

Agricultural policy in your country (1 = is excessively burdensome forthe economy, 7 = balances the interests of taxpayers, consumers,and producers)


5 Norway .........................6.3 0.7

14 Singapore......................5.8 1.2

19 Oman............................5.4 1.4

20 Japan ............................5.4 1.4

24 India ..............................5.1 1.3

26 United States................5.1 1.5

27 Qatar .............................5.1 1.2

30 Kuwait...........................5.1 1.7

31 Tunisia...........................5.0 1.3


37 Jordan...........................4.8 1.6

50 Libya .............................4.1 2.1

53 Mauritania .....................4.1 1.6

54 Algeria...........................4.1 1.7

55 Egypt ............................4.1 1.9

56 Morocco .......................4.0 1.8

58 Turkey ...........................3.8 1.5

73 Bahrain..........................3.5 1.8

78 China.............................3.4 1.6

81 Mexico..........................3.3 1.5

84 Syria ..............................3.2 1.6

92 Brazil .............................3.1 1.6



6.02Efficiency of legal framework

The legal framework in your country for private businesses to settledisputes and challenge the legality of government actions and/or regulations (1 = is inefficient and subject to manipulation, 7 = is efficient and follows a clear, neutral process)

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1 Bahrain..........................6.1 1.4

3 Oman............................6.0 0.9


5 Kuwait...........................5.9 1.5

6 Qatar .............................5.8 1.6

8 Singapore......................5.6 1.0

14 Mauritania .....................5.0 1.7

19 Tunisia...........................4.6 1.3

22 India ..............................4.4 1.3

32 United States................3.9 1.4

33 Algeria...........................3.9 1.8

37 Egypt ............................3.8 1.8

47 China.............................3.6 1.4

50 Japan ............................3.5 1.1

51 Jordan...........................3.5 1.6

53 Norway .........................3.5 1.1

64 Morocco .......................3.2 1.6

70 Libya .............................3.1 1.9

76 Mexico..........................3.1 1.3

78 Syria ..............................3.1 1.5

86 Turkey ...........................2.9 1.2


128 Brazil .............................1.5 0.9


6.03Extent and effect of taxation

The level of taxes in your country (1 = significantly limits the incentives to work or invest, 7 = has little impact on the incentives to work or invest)


7 Norway ................................4.0

10 United States.......................5.0

16 Morocco ..............................6.0

16 Singapore ............................6.0


36 Japan ...................................8.0

36 Mexico.................................8.0

36 Turkey ..................................8.0

50 Oman...................................9.0

63 Egypt .................................10.0

63 Tunisia................................10.0

82 India...................................11.0

82 Jordan................................11.0

82 Mauritania..........................11.0

92 Syria...................................12.0


99 China .................................13.0

99 Kuwait ...............................13.0

110 Algeria ...............................14.0

118 Brazil ..................................17.0

n/a Bahrain.................................n/a

n/a Libya ....................................n/a

n/a Qatar....................................n/a

SOURCE: World Bank, Doing Business 2007: How to Reform (2006)

6.04Number of procedures required to start a business

Number of administrative procedures required to start a business,2006

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3 United States.......................5.0

6 Singapore ............................6.0

10 Turkey ..................................9.0

12 Tunisia................................11.0

15 Morocco ............................12.0

17 Norway ..............................13.0

24 Jordan................................18.0

27 Egypt .................................19.0

37 Japan .................................23.0

38 Algeria ...............................24.0

46 Mexico...............................27.0


64 Oman.................................34.0

67 China .................................35.0

67 India...................................35.0

67 Kuwait ...............................35.0

81 Syria...................................43.0


110 Mauritania..........................82.0

120 Brazil ................................152.0

n/a Bahrain.................................n/a

n/a Libya ....................................n/a

n/a Qatar....................................n/a

SOURCE: World Bank, Doing Business 2007: How to Reform (2006)

6.05Time required to start a business

Number of days required to start a business, 2006


3 Japan ............................6.0 0.9

4 India ..............................6.0 1.0

5 United States................5.9 1.1

19 Norway .........................5.6 1.0

26 Singapore......................5.5 1.1

27 Turkey ...........................5.4 1.0


34 China.............................5.3 1.2

40 Brazil .............................5.2 1.2

41 Jordan...........................5.2 1.2

43 Tunisia...........................5.2 0.9

54 Bahrain..........................5.0 1.4

57 Mexico..........................4.9 1.2

63 Kuwait...........................4.9 1.5


67 Qatar .............................4.7 1.5

68 Egypt ............................4.7 1.7

71 Morocco .......................4.6 1.6

84 Syria ..............................4.4 1.6

88 Oman............................4.3 1.3

98 Algeria...........................4.2 1.6

118 Libya .............................3.7 1.7

123 Mauritania .....................3.4 1.6


6.06Intensity of local competition

Competition in the local market is (1 = limited in most industries and price-cutting is rare, 7 = intense in most industries as marketleadership changes over time)

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8 Norway .........................5.8 0.8

10 Japan ............................5.7 0.9

14 United States................5.6 1.3

26 Tunisia...........................5.1 1.0

27 India ..............................5.1 1.3

32 Singapore......................4.9 1.2

34 Turkey ...........................4.7 1.2

40 Oman............................4.4 1.6

41 Jordan...........................4.3 1.6

47 Brazil .............................4.2 1.4

49 Qatar .............................4.1 1.6


55 Morocco .......................3.9 1.7

58 Mexico..........................3.9 1.5

59 Algeria...........................3.9 1.4

62 Kuwait...........................3.8 1.8

70 Bahrain..........................3.6 1.7

74 Egypt ............................3.5 1.6

75 China.............................3.5 1.5

76 Syria ..............................3.5 1.5

77 Libya .............................3.5 1.9

88 Mauritania .....................3.2 2.0



6.07Effectiveness of antitrust policy

Anti-monopoly policy in your country is (1 = lax and not effective atpromoting competition, 7 = effective and promotes competition)


1 Singapore ........................213.1


20 Jordan................................70.2

21 Mauritania..........................70.0

26 Bahrain ..............................66.0

53 Tunisia................................47.4

76 Oman.................................35.4

77 Turkey ................................35.3

81 Libya ..................................34.4

82 Morocco ............................34.1

85 China .................................33.4

87 Egypt .................................32.6

88 Syria...................................32.6

92 Mexico...............................31.5

94 Algeria ...............................30.4

97 Kuwait ...............................30.1

106 Norway ..............................27.8

110 Qatar..................................26.7

114 India...................................24.0


125 United States.....................16.2

126 Japan .................................12.9

127 Brazil ..................................12.4

SOURCE: Economist Intelligence Unit, CountryData Database (June2006); IMF Country Reports; World Bank, World DevelopmentIndicators 2006

6.08Imports

Imports of goods and services as a percentage of GDP, 2005 or mostrecent year available

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3 Singapore......................6.2 1.1

9 Qatar .............................5.7 1.3

12 Oman............................5.6 1.2


16 Bahrain..........................5.6 1.5

25 Kuwait...........................5.4 1.6

35 India ..............................5.1 1.5

37 United States................5.0 1.4

44 Tunisia...........................4.8 1.3

45 Turkey ...........................4.8 1.7

47 Jordan...........................4.8 1.6

51 Mexico..........................4.7 1.8

54 Japan ............................4.6 1.5

75 Libya .............................4.2 2.3

83 Algeria...........................4.1 2.0

85 China.............................4.1 1.6

86 Brazil .............................4.1 1.6

93 Morocco .......................4.0 1.8

96 Norway .........................3.9 1.7


107 Egypt ............................3.7 2.1

115 Syria ..............................3.6 1.9

128 Mauritania .....................3.0 1.9


6.09Prevalence of trade barriers

In your country, tariff and nontariff barriers significantly reduce the ability of imported goods to compete in the domestic market (1 = strongly agree, 7 = strongly disagree)


3 Singapore......................6.3 0.8

20 Jordan...........................5.8 1.2

31 Mexico..........................5.6 1.2

32 Norway .........................5.5 0.9

37 Oman............................5.4 1.1

40 India ..............................5.4 1.4

44 United States................5.3 1.2

48 Morocco .......................5.3 1.5

52 Tunisia...........................5.3 1.5

69 Bahrain..........................5.1 1.8

78 Japan ............................4.8 1.3

83 Turkey ...........................4.8 1.2

85 Algeria...........................4.7 1.7

86 Egypt ............................4.7 1.7

88 China.............................4.7 1.5

90 Brazil .............................4.6 1.3

92 Qatar .............................4.6 1.6


97 Mauritania .....................4.4 1.6


126 Libya .............................3.2 1.9

127 Syria ..............................3.2 1.7

128 Kuwait...........................2.9 1.7


6.10Prevalence of foreign ownership

Foreign ownership of companies in your country is (1 = rare, limitedto minority stakes and often prohibited in key sectors , 7 = prevalentand encouraged)

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1 Singapore ........................243.0


7 Bahrain ..............................89.3

21 Qatar..................................68.4

24 Kuwait ...............................67.2

25 Oman.................................65.5

34 Algeria ...............................54.2

38 Jordan................................52.4

47 Libya ..................................47.4

55 Norway ..............................45.2

56 Tunisia................................44.8


75 China .................................36.8

77 Syria...................................35.7

84 Egypt .................................31.0

85 Mexico...............................29.9

88 Mauritania..........................29.0

91 Turkey ................................28.3

96 Morocco ............................26.5

111 India...................................21.2

119 Brazil ..................................16.8

122 Japan .................................14.3

126 United States.....................10.4

SOURCE: Economist Intelligence Unit, CountryData Database (June2006)

6.11Exports

Exports of goods and services as a percentage of GDP, 2005 or mostrecent year available


2 Singapore......................5.9 1.0

3 Mauritania .....................5.7 1.5

11 United States................5.2 1.5



31 Qatar .............................4.5 1.8

32 Tunisia...........................4.5 1.4

41 Kuwait...........................4.3 2.1

49 Morocco .......................4.2 1.8

50 China.............................4.2 1.5

67 Mexico..........................3.8 1.8

70 Japan ............................3.8 1.8

81 Algeria...........................3.6 1.9

89 Oman............................3.4 1.8

90 Turkey ...........................3.4 1.6

92 Jordan...........................3.3 1.7

93 Syria ..............................3.3 2.0

100 Egypt ............................3.1 1.7

103 India ..............................3.0 1.7

107 Bahrain..........................2.9 1.7

114 Brazil .............................2.7 1.7

115 Norway .........................2.7 1.7

126 Libya .............................2.4 1.8


6.12Hiring and firing practices

The hiring and firing of workers is (1 = impeded by regulations, 7 = flexibly determined by employers)

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7 Egypt ............................6.1 1.6

8 Qatar .............................6.0 1.4

9 Kuwait...........................6.0 1.3

10 Japan ............................6.0 0.7

18 Singapore......................5.9 0.7


25 Jordan...........................5.8 1.3

29 Bahrain..........................5.7 1.8

30 United States................5.7 1.3

44 Morocco .......................5.5 1.6

51 India ..............................5.5 1.2

52 Oman............................5.5 1.2

53 China.............................5.5 1.3

68 Mexico..........................5.1 1.0

70 Syria ..............................5.1 1.7

83 Turkey ...........................4.8 1.3

94 Libya .............................4.6 2.4

96 Tunisia...........................4.6 1.1

99 Mauritania .....................4.5 1.2

104 Algeria...........................4.4 1.6

109 Brazil .............................4.2 1.3

112 Norway .........................3.8 1.0


6.13Flexibility of wage determination

Wages in your country are (1 = set by a centralized bargainingprocess, 7 = up to each individual company)


2 Singapore......................6.2 0.7

6 Japan ............................5.9 0.7

11 Mauritania .....................5.7 1.2

12 Norway .........................5.7 1.0

13 Oman............................5.6 1.2

27 Kuwait...........................5.1 1.3

28 Mexico..........................5.1 1.0

29 Tunisia...........................5.1 1.1


35 United States................5.0 1.3

47 Libya .............................4.9 1.6

51 India ..............................4.8 1.2

55 Qatar .............................4.7 1.4

57 Jordan...........................4.7 1.3

65 Algeria...........................4.6 1.6

69 Syria ..............................4.6 1.5


78 Egypt ............................4.5 1.6

84 Morocco .......................4.4 1.6

87 Turkey ...........................4.3 1.3

89 Bahrain..........................4.3 1.8

96 Brazil .............................4.2 1.3

102 China.............................4.1 1.3


6.14Cooperation in labor-employer relations

Labor-employer relations in your country are (1 = generally con-frontational, 7 = generally cooperative)

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4 Norway .........................6.2 0.6

12 United States................5.9 1.2

15 Singapore......................5.8 1.0

16 Japan ............................5.7 1.0

24 India ..............................5.4 1.1

32 Oman............................5.1 1.4

39 Brazil .............................4.9 1.2

53 Mexico..........................4.7 1.2

54 Qatar .............................4.6 1.6


57 Tunisia...........................4.6 1.6

63 Bahrain..........................4.5 1.5

64 Turkey ...........................4.4 1.1

66 Algeria...........................4.4 1.6


80 China.............................4.1 1.5

84 Mauritania .....................4.0 2.2

89 Egypt ............................3.9 1.6

92 Jordan...........................3.8 1.4

103 Kuwait...........................3.7 1.7

108 Morocco .......................3.6 1.6

115 Syria ..............................3.4 1.6

122 Libya .............................3.2 1.9


6.15Reliance on professional management

Senior management positions in your country are (1 = usually held by relatives, 7 = held by professional managers chosen based onsuperior qualification)


6 Singapore......................5.5 1.0

9 United States................5.2 1.3

11 Japan ............................5.1 1.1


25 Qatar .............................4.6 1.4

27 China.............................4.6 1.4

29 Tunisia...........................4.6 1.5

31 Egypt ............................4.6 1.8


41 India ..............................4.4 1.4

48 Oman............................4.4 1.8

49 Kuwait...........................4.4 1.7

52 Morocco .......................4.3 1.8

57 Norway .........................4.2 1.2

59 Mexico..........................4.2 1.4

60 Turkey ...........................4.1 1.4

64 Jordan...........................4.0 1.5

68 Syria ..............................3.9 1.9

75 Bahrain..........................3.8 1.8

80 Algeria...........................3.8 1.9

81 Brazil .............................3.8 1.5

85 Mauritania .....................3.7 2.2

122 Libya .............................2.8 2.2


6.16Pay and productivity

Pay in your country is (1 = not related to worker productivity, 7 = strongly related to worker productivity)

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1 United States................6.1 1.1

2 Qatar .............................5.7 1.3

3 Japan ............................5.7 1.2

4 Oman............................5.6 1.2

5 Norway .........................5.6 0.9


9 Kuwait...........................5.4 1.5

16 Singapore......................4.9 0.8

24 Bahrain..........................4.6 1.6

40 Brazil .............................3.9 1.6

43 Tunisia...........................3.8 1.3

44 China.............................3.8 1.5

48 India ..............................3.7 1.2


56 Mexico..........................3.4 1.2

59 Turkey ...........................3.3 1.2

79 Morocco .......................2.8 1.6

86 Syria ..............................2.7 1.6

90 Jordan...........................2.6 1.5

91 Libya .............................2.6 1.7

93 Mauritania .....................2.6 1.7

105 Algeria...........................2.4 1.2

113 Egypt ............................2.3 1.3


6.17Brain drain

Your country’s talented people (1 = normally leave to pursue opportunities in other countries, 7 = almost always remain in thecountry)


3 Singapore......................5.9 1.1

5 Tunisia...........................5.8 1.4

6 Oman............................5.7 1.5

22 Norway .........................5.2 1.0

30 United States................5.2 1.3

34 India ..............................5.1 1.5

38 Egypt ............................5.0 1.9

39 Syria ..............................5.0 1.7

40 Qatar .............................5.0 1.5

42 Mauritania .....................4.9 1.7

52 Kuwait...........................4.8 1.6

56 Libya .............................4.7 1.8


72 Turkey ...........................4.6 1.3

74 Algeria...........................4.6 1.8

76 China.............................4.6 1.5


84 Morocco .......................4.5 2.0

96 Jordan...........................4.3 1.7

99 Japan ............................4.2 1.3

100 Bahrain..........................4.2 1.8

109 Brazil .............................4.1 1.3

125 Mexico..........................3.6 1.2


6.18Private-sector employment of women

In your country, do businesses provide women the same opportuni-ties as men to rise to positions of leadership? (1 = no, women areunable to rise to positions of leadership , 7 = yes, women are often inmanagement positions)

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5 United States................6.3 1.1

13 Singapore......................6.0 0.8

18 Japan ............................5.7 0.9

20 Norway .........................5.6 0.9

28 Brazil .............................5.3 1.4

30 Bahrain..........................5.2 1.3

32 India ..............................5.1 1.2

36 Turkey ...........................4.6 1.2

38 Mexico..........................4.6 1.1

40 Oman............................4.5 1.1

41 Kuwait...........................4.5 1.4


48 Qatar .............................4.3 1.5

60 Tunisia...........................4.1 1.1

63 Jordan...........................4.0 1.3

77 Egypt ............................3.6 1.5

83 Morocco .......................3.2 1.4


94 China.............................2.8 1.2

106 Mauritania .....................2.5 1.3

124 Syria ..............................2.0 1.1

125 Algeria...........................2.0 1.0

126 Libya .............................1.9 1.2


6.19Financial market sophistication

The level of sophistication of financial markets in your country is (1 =lower than international norms, 7 = higher than international norms)


5 Norway .........................5.4 1.2


11 United States................5.1 1.4

12 Qatar .............................5.1 1.6

15 Kuwait...........................4.9 1.7

16 Singapore......................4.8 1.4

21 India ..............................4.6 1.4

31 Oman............................4.3 1.9

38 Tunisia...........................4.0 1.7

39 Japan ............................4.0 1.7

47 Bahrain..........................3.8 1.9

62 Jordan...........................3.3 1.7

74 Turkey ...........................3.0 1.4

77 Brazil .............................2.9 1.7

78 Mexico..........................2.9 1.5

82 Egypt ............................2.8 1.8

87 Morocco .......................2.7 1.9


92 Libya .............................2.6 1.8

101 China.............................2.5 1.4

106 Syria ..............................2.4 1.4

114 Algeria...........................2.2 1.3

115 Mauritania .....................2.2 1.4


6.20Ease of access to loans

How easy is it to obtain a bank loan in your country with only a goodbusiness plan and no collateral? (1 = impossible, 7 = easy)

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1 United States................5.6 1.3

6 Norway .........................5.2 1.3

13 Singapore......................4.9 1.1


20 India ..............................4.6 1.3

23 Japan ............................4.5 1.4

27 Kuwait...........................4.2 1.6

31 Tunisia...........................4.1 1.3

37 Qatar .............................3.8 1.9

56 Bahrain..........................3.3 1.5

63 Oman............................3.2 1.8


69 Mexico..........................3.1 1.5

71 Jordan...........................3.1 1.6

78 Turkey ...........................3.0 1.5

82 Libya .............................2.9 1.7

89 Egypt ............................2.8 1.7

93 China.............................2.7 1.3

94 Morocco .......................2.7 1.7

99 Syria ..............................2.6 1.4

100 Brazil .............................2.6 1.4

116 Mauritania .....................2.3 1.6

117 Algeria...........................2.2 1.4


6.21Venture capital availability

Entrepreneurs with innovative but risky projects can generally findventure capital in your country (1 = not true, 7 = true)


17 Norway .........................6.6 0.5

21 Singapore......................6.5 0.6

27 United States................6.3 1.0

28 Bahrain..........................6.3 0.9

32 Kuwait...........................6.2 1.0

34 Brazil .............................6.1 1.2


37 India ..............................6.0 0.8

46 Qatar .............................5.8 1.2

61 Mexico..........................5.5 1.0

64 Jordan...........................5.5 1.2

66 Oman............................5.5 1.3

66 Tunisia...........................5.5 1.2

70 Morocco .......................5.4 1.3

77 Japan ............................5.2 1.1

95 Egypt ............................4.8 1.5

100 Turkey ...........................4.8 1.3

102 Mauritania .....................4.8 1.5


120 Syria ..............................4.2 1.8

122 Libya .............................4.2 1.9

124 Algeria...........................4.1 1.8

126 China.............................3.8 1.4


6.22Soundness of banks

Banks in your country are (1 = insolvent and may require a governmentbailout, 7 = generally healthy with sound balance sheets)

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1 India ..............................6.5 0.7

4 Japan ............................6.4 0.8

6 Norway .........................6.3 0.8

15 Singapore......................6.1 0.8

18 Kuwait...........................6.1 1.0


22 United States................6.0 1.2

25 Bahrain..........................5.9 1.3

34 Turkey ...........................5.8 1.3

35 Jordan...........................5.7 1.2

45 Qatar .............................5.4 1.8

46 Brazil .............................5.4 1.7

48 Oman............................5.4 1.3

55 Egypt ............................5.2 1.6

67 Mexico..........................4.9 1.5

70 Tunisia...........................4.8 1.1


76 Morocco .......................4.3 1.7

78 China.............................4.3 1.7

112 Algeria...........................2.7 1.9

118 Mauritania .....................2.5 1.9

123 Syria ..............................2.2 1.6

124 Libya .............................2.2 2.0


6.23Local equity market access

Raising money by issuing shares on the local stock market is (1 = nearly impossible, 7 = quite possible for a good company)

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Data Tables

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2 Japan ............................6.5 0.8

7 United States................6.1 1.1

9 Norway .........................6.1 0.8

11 Singapore......................5.9 0.9


23 India ..............................5.3 0.9

27 Qatar .............................4.9 1.3

30 Tunisia...........................4.8 1.2

39 Bahrain..........................4.6 1.5

41 Oman............................4.5 1.3

44 Kuwait...........................4.3 1.4

45 Jordan...........................4.3 1.2

56 Turkey ...........................4.1 1.1

58 Mexico..........................4.0 1.1

59 Brazil .............................4.0 1.4

67 Egypt ............................3.7 1.5

70 China.............................3.6 1.2

72 Morocco .......................3.6 1.6


87 Syria ..............................3.1 1.2

89 Libya .............................3.0 1.4

106 Algeria...........................2.5 1.2

121 Mauritania .....................2.2 1.4


7.01Technological readiness

Your country’s level of technological readiness (1 = generally lagsbehind most other countries, 7 = is among the world leaders)


2 Japan ............................6.3 0.8

7 Singapore......................6.0 0.8

9 United States................6.0 1.1

12 Norway .........................5.9 0.7

13 India ..............................5.8 1.1

16 Mauritania .....................5.8 1.7


25 Turkey ...........................5.4 1.0

36 Tunisia...........................5.2 1.1

39 Kuwait...........................5.2 1.3

41 China.............................5.1 1.3

42 Morocco .......................5.0 1.5

43 Qatar .............................5.0 1.4

47 Brazil .............................4.9 1.1

50 Oman............................4.9 1.2

53 Bahrain..........................4.8 1.4

56 Jordan...........................4.8 1.3

60 Egypt ............................4.7 1.5

69 Algeria...........................4.6 1.8

71 Libya .............................4.6 1.7

77 Mexico..........................4.5 1.0


85 Syria ..............................4.4 1.5


7.02Firm-level technology absorption

Companies in your country are (1 = not able to absorb new technology, 7 = aggressive in absorbing new technology)

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2 Singapore......................5.7 0.8

4 Norway .........................5.6 1.0

20 United States................5.1 1.3

25 Japan ............................4.9 0.9

31 India ..............................4.6 1.2


39 Qatar .............................4.2 1.4

42 Mexico..........................4.2 1.3

48 Brazil .............................4.1 1.3

49 Tunisia...........................4.0 1.6

51 Bahrain..........................4.0 1.6

52 Turkey ...........................4.0 1.3

64 Jordan...........................3.7 1.4

67 China.............................3.5 1.4

74 Morocco .......................3.2 1.7

79 Oman............................3.1 1.8

81 Egypt ............................3.1 1.6


91 Kuwait...........................3.0 1.4

95 Algeria...........................2.9 1.7

116 Mauritania .....................2.3 1.7

121 Syria ..............................2.2 1.3

127 Libya .............................1.9 1.3


7.03Laws relating to ICT

Laws relating to the use of information communication technologies(electronic commerce, digital signatures, consumer protection) are (1 = nonexistent, 7 = well developed and enforced)


1 Singapore......................6.4 0.9

6 Mauritania .....................5.9 1.6

11 Qatar .............................5.7 1.2


20 Mexico..........................5.5 1.2

25 India ..............................5.4 1.0

34 Tunisia...........................5.3 1.4

38 Brazil .............................5.3 1.3

42 Oman............................5.2 1.4

44 Morocco .......................5.2 1.5

51 Egypt ............................5.1 1.7

53 United States................5.1 1.5

61 Turkey ...........................5.0 1.1

64 Jordan...........................4.9 1.5

68 Norway .........................4.9 1.1

69 Bahrain..........................4.9 1.9

77 Japan ............................4.8 1.5

105 China.............................4.4 1.5

108 Libya .............................4.3 2.1

112 Algeria...........................4.2 1.9


121 Kuwait...........................3.9 1.5

122 Syria ..............................3.9 1.8


7.04FDI and technology transfer

Foreign direct investment in your country (1 = brings little new technology, 7 = is an important source of new technology)

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10 Singapore ........................103.4

12 Bahrain ............................103.0

13 Norway ............................102.9

16 United Arab Emirates ......100.9

26 Qatar..................................92.2

32 Kuwait ...............................88.6


45 Japan .................................74.0

48 United States.....................67.6

54 Turkey ................................59.6

57 Tunisia................................56.3

58 Oman.................................51.9

65 Brazil ..................................46.2

66 Mexico...............................44.3

69 Algeria ...............................41.5

71 Morocco ............................40.9

83 China .................................29.9

84 Jordan................................28.9

90 Mauritania..........................24.3

94 Egypt .................................18.4

98 Syria...................................15.5

109 India.....................................8.2

120 Libya ....................................4.1


7.05Mobile telephone subscribers

Mobile telephone subscribers per 100 inhabitants, 2005


4 Norway ..............................73.6

9 Japan .................................66.6

10 United States.....................63.0

13 Singapore ..........................57.9


39 Qatar..................................28.2

43 Kuwait ...............................26.1

46 Turkey ................................21.9

47 Bahrain ..............................21.3

53 Brazil ..................................19.5

58 Mexico...............................17.4


62 Morocco ............................15.2

67 Jordan................................11.2

68 Oman.................................11.1

75 Tunisia..................................9.5

77 China ...................................8.4

85 Egypt ...................................6.8

88 Algeria .................................5.8

89 Syria.....................................5.8

91 India.....................................5.4

101 Libya ....................................3.6

117 Mauritania............................0.7


7.06Internet users

Internet users per 10,000 inhabitants, 2005 or most recent year available

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2 United States.....................76.2

10 Singapore ..........................62.2

15 Norway ..............................57.2

18 Japan .................................54.1

32 Kuwait ...............................22.3


40 Qatar..................................17.9

41 Bahrain ..............................16.9

50 Mexico...............................13.1


56 Brazil ..................................10.5

69 Tunisia..................................5.6

70 Jordan..................................5.3

71 Turkey ..................................5.1

74 Oman...................................4.7

81 Syria.....................................4.2

83 China ...................................4.1

87 Egypt ...................................3.8

91 Morocco ..............................2.4

92 Libya ....................................2.3

99 India.....................................1.5

100 Mauritania............................1.4

106 Algeria .................................1.1


7.07Personal computers

Personal computers per 100 inhabitants, 2005 or most recent yearavailable

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Data Tables

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1 Japan ............................6.4 0.7

6 United States................5.9 1.2

9 India ..............................5.8 1.0

15 Kuwait...........................5.7 1.2

27 Norway .........................5.4 1.1

29 Turkey ...........................5.4 1.0

30 Tunisia...........................5.4 0.8

32 Brazil .............................5.3 1.1

35 Egypt ............................5.1 1.3

38 China.............................5.0 1.2

39 Bahrain..........................5.0 1.3

43 Singapore......................5.0 1.2



52 Syria ..............................4.8 1.4

58 Libya .............................4.7 1.7

60 Jordan...........................4.7 1.5

64 Mexico..........................4.7 1.3

66 Morocco .......................4.6 1.6

90 Qatar .............................4.3 1.4

93 Oman............................4.2 1.2

95 Algeria...........................4.2 1.3

114 Mauritania .....................3.7 2.1


8.01Local supplier quantity

Local suppliers in your country are (1 = largely nonexistent, 7 = numerous and include the most important materials, components,equipment, and services)


2 Japan ............................6.4 0.7

10 United States................5.9 1.2

17 Norway .........................5.7 0.7

25 Singapore......................5.4 0.9

28 India ..............................5.3 1.2

33 Tunisia...........................5.0 0.9


37 Brazil .............................4.9 1.2

38 Kuwait...........................4.9 1.4

39 Turkey ...........................4.8 1.0

51 Mexico..........................4.5 1.2

56 Egypt ............................4.4 1.5

57 Bahrain..........................4.4 1.6

65 China.............................4.2 1.2

68 Jordan...........................4.2 1.4


76 Syria ..............................3.9 1.3

78 Oman............................3.9 1.3

80 Morocco .......................3.8 1.5

82 Qatar .............................3.8 1.3

99 Algeria...........................3.5 1.2

100 Libya .............................3.5 1.6

111 Mauritania .....................3.3 1.8


8.02Local supplier quality

The quality of local suppliers in your country is (1 = poor as they areinefficient and have little technological capability, 7 = very good asthey are internationally competitive and assist in new product andprocess development)

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2 Japan ............................6.4 0.9

13 United States................5.7 1.2

14 Singapore......................5.6 0.9

16 Norway .........................5.5 0.7

25 Qatar .............................4.8 1.6


32 Brazil .............................4.5 1.1

33 India ..............................4.4 1.2

37 Tunisia...........................4.4 1.0

43 Turkey ...........................4.1 1.1

44 Kuwait...........................4.1 1.5

48 Bahrain..........................3.9 1.7

49 Mexico..........................3.9 1.1

50 Oman............................3.9 1.3

66 Jordan...........................3.5 1.3


74 Egypt ............................3.3 1.4

80 Morocco .......................3.2 1.5

81 Mauritania .....................3.1 1.5

85 Algeria...........................3.1 1.4

90 China.............................3.0 1.2

93 Syria ..............................3.0 1.2

101 Libya .............................2.8 1.5


8.03Production process sophistication

Production processes use (1 = labor-intensive methods or previousgenerations of process technology, 7 = the world’s best and most effi-cient process technology)


2 United States................6.3 1.1

7 Japan ............................6.0 0.8

22 Singapore......................5.5 0.9

25 Norway .........................5.5 1.0

29 India ..............................5.4 1.3


32 Brazil .............................5.3 1.2

40 Mexico..........................5.0 1.0

42 Kuwait...........................4.9 1.4

53 Turkey ...........................4.7 1.1

55 Tunisia...........................4.6 1.2

65 Bahrain..........................4.3 1.3

71 Oman............................4.0 1.4

74 Morocco .......................4.0 1.5

77 Qatar .............................3.9 1.4

82 Jordan...........................3.8 1.3

83 China.............................3.7 1.3


90 Egypt ............................3.6 1.5

104 Syria ..............................3.2 1.3

110 Mauritania .....................3.1 1.7

118 Algeria...........................3.0 1.4

124 Libya .............................2.5 1.5


8.04Extent of marketing

The extent of marketing in your country is (1 = limited and primitive, 7= extensive and employs the world’s most sophisticated tools andtechniques)

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1 Japan ............................5.5 1.0

6 United States................5.3 1.3

17 Kuwait...........................4.9 1.5

19 Libya .............................4.8 1.6

21 Syria ..............................4.8 1.7

25 Norway .........................4.7 1.0

26 Oman............................4.6 1.5

28 India ..............................4.6 1.3

29 Tunisia...........................4.6 1.1

31 Egypt ............................4.5 1.6

32 Turkey ...........................4.5 1.2


42 Brazil .............................4.3 1.4

46 Jordan...........................4.3 1.5

47 Bahrain..........................4.3 1.8

50 Singapore......................4.2 1.2

55 Qatar .............................4.1 1.7

66 China.............................3.9 1.5

72 Mexico..........................3.9 1.3

77 Morocco .......................3.8 1.7


98 Mauritania .....................3.6 1.9

102 Algeria...........................3.4 1.6


8.05Control of international distribution

International distribution and marketing from your country (1 = takesplace through foreign companies, 7 = is owned and controlled bylocal companies)


6 Norway .........................5.6 1.0

8 United States................5.5 1.3

15 Japan ............................5.2 1.0

25 Singapore......................4.6 1.2

30 India ..............................4.3 1.3

32 Tunisia...........................4.1 1.1

35 Qatar .............................4.0 1.7

39 Brazil .............................4.0 1.4


45 Mexico..........................3.8 1.3

50 Turkey ...........................3.8 1.2

56 Oman............................3.6 1.5

63 Kuwait...........................3.5 1.5

68 Bahrain..........................3.4 1.8

72 China.............................3.4 1.5

78 Jordan...........................3.3 1.5


89 Egypt ............................3.1 1.6

96 Morocco .......................3.0 1.7

97 Mauritania .....................3.0 1.9

109 Syria ..............................2.7 1.5

115 Algeria...........................2.6 1.6

116 Libya .............................2.6 1.7


8.06Willingness to delegate authority

Willingness to delegate authority to subordinates is (1 = low—topmanagement controls all important decisions, 7 = high—authority ismostly delegated to business unit heads and other lower level managers)

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3 Japan ............................6.1 1.3

14 United States................5.4 1.3

18 Singapore......................5.2 1.0

21 Norway .........................5.1 1.7

26 Tunisia...........................4.2 1.3

37 Qatar .............................3.8 1.8


46 India ..............................3.6 1.4

47 Kuwait...........................3.6 1.7

48 Mauritania .....................3.6 1.6

62 Egypt ............................3.4 1.6

67 Mexico..........................3.4 1.3

69 Bahrain..........................3.3 1.7

70 Jordan...........................3.3 1.4

73 Turkey ...........................3.2 1.1

74 China.............................3.2 1.7

80 Oman............................3.1 1.8

83 Morocco .......................3.1 1.6

87 Brazil .............................3.0 1.3

94 Libya .............................2.9 1.6

99 Algeria...........................2.8 1.3

102 Syria ..............................2.8 1.4



8.07Nature of competitive advantage

Competitiveness of your country’s companies in international marketsis primarily due to (1 = low cost or local natural resources, 7 = uniqueproducts and processes)


3 Japan ............................6.4 0.9

15 United States................5.7 1.2

16 Singapore......................5.7 1.0

22 India ..............................5.1 1.2

29 Tunisia...........................4.7 1.0

37 Turkey ...........................4.1 1.2

38 Mexico..........................4.1 1.2

44 Egypt ............................4.0 1.7

45 Norway .........................4.0 1.7


53 Oman............................3.8 1.4

55 Jordan...........................3.7 1.5

56 Brazil .............................3.7 1.4

57 China.............................3.7 1.5

62 Qatar .............................3.6 1.9

66 Kuwait...........................3.4 1.8

71 Morocco .......................3.4 1.8

73 Syria ..............................3.4 1.6

77 Bahrain..........................3.2 1.7

88 Mauritania .....................3.0 1.9

113 Libya .............................2.5 1.6


118 Algeria...........................2.4 1.4


8.08Value chain presence

Exporting companies in your country (1 = are primarily involved inresource extraction or production, 7 = not only produce but also performproduct design, marketing sales, logistics, and after-sales services)

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Data Tables

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2 United States................6.0 1.2

5 Japan ............................5.8 0.7

10 Singapore......................5.5 0.8

14 India ..............................5.3 1.0

18 Norway .........................5.1 0.9


33 Tunisia...........................4.4 1.4

36 Brazil .............................4.3 1.2

49 Qatar .............................4.0 1.2

54 Mexico..........................3.9 1.2

55 Turkey ...........................3.9 1.1

57 Kuwait...........................3.9 1.3


63 China.............................3.7 1.1

74 Jordan...........................3.6 1.3

83 Morocco .......................3.4 1.5

85 Algeria...........................3.4 1.3

92 Libya .............................3.3 1.4

96 Egypt ............................3.2 1.5

103 Oman............................3.1 1.3

109 Syria ..............................2.9 1.3

120 Bahrain..........................2.6 1.2

128 Mauritania .....................1.7 1.3


9.01Quality of scientific research institutions

Scientific research institutions in your country (e.g., university laboratories, government laboratories) are (1 = nonexistent, 7 = the best in their fields internationally)


2 Japan ............................6.1 1.0

3 United States................5.8 1.2

11 Singapore......................4.9 1.1

19 Norway .........................4.6 1.1

25 India ..............................4.2 1.1

30 Brazil .............................3.8 1.3

36 Tunisia...........................3.7 1.6

39 China.............................3.6 1.2

42 Qatar .............................3.4 1.4



60 Mexico..........................3.2 1.0

62 Turkey ...........................3.2 1.1

75 Morocco .......................3.0 1.6

81 Kuwait...........................2.9 1.5

86 Oman............................2.9 1.6

92 Algeria...........................2.8 1.4

96 Jordan...........................2.7 1.2

99 Egypt ............................2.7 1.5

108 Syria ..............................2.6 1.2

118 Libya .............................2.3 1.5

119 Bahrain..........................2.3 1.2

128 Mauritania .....................1.7 1.1


9.02Company spending on research and development

Companies in your country (1 = do not spend money on research and development, 7 = spend heavily on research and developmentrelative to international peers)

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4 United States................5.5 1.4

8 Singapore......................5.2 1.0

9 Japan ............................5.2 1.1

18 Norway .........................4.6 1.3

27 China.............................3.9 1.3

32 Tunisia...........................3.7 1.5

34 India ..............................3.6 1.3

40 Mexico..........................3.5 1.3

42 Brazil .............................3.5 1.5

46 Turkey ...........................3.4 1.3



60 Qatar .............................3.1 1.6

66 Morocco .......................3.0 1.7

84 Jordan...........................2.8 1.4

85 Kuwait...........................2.8 1.4

86 Oman............................2.7 1.4

95 Egypt ............................2.6 1.5

97 Libya .............................2.5 1.7

104 Algeria...........................2.5 1.2

117 Syria ..............................2.2 1.3

124 Bahrain..........................1.8 1.1

127 Mauritania .....................1.6 1.3


9.03University-industry research collaboration

In its R&D activity, business collaboration with local universities is (1 = minimal or nonexistent, 7 = intensive and ongoing)


1 Singapore......................5.5 1.1

4 Tunisia...........................5.0 1.0

5 Japan ............................5.0 1.0

10 United States................4.8 1.4


19 Mauritania .....................4.5 2.3

21 China.............................4.4 1.3

24 Qatar .............................4.4 1.5

34 Norway .........................4.1 1.3

35 Oman............................4.1 1.9

36 Algeria...........................4.1 1.7

41 India ..............................4.0 1.4

59 Brazil .............................3.9 1.4

60 Bahrain..........................3.8 1.4

63 Turkey ...........................3.8 1.3

65 Morocco .......................3.8 1.6

78 Mexico..........................3.6 1.5


84 Egypt ............................3.5 1.5

86 Jordan...........................3.5 1.5

97 Libya .............................3.4 1.9

102 Kuwait...........................3.2 1.7

113 Syria ..............................3.0 1.7


9.04Government procurement of advanced technology products

Government purchase decisions for the procurement of advancedtechnology products are (1 = based solely on price, 7 = based ontechnical performance and innovativeness)

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268

5: D

ata

Tabl

es |

Inno

vatio

n


2 Japan ............................6.3 0.7

4 India ..............................6.2 0.7

10 Tunisia...........................5.8 1.0

15 Singapore......................5.6 0.9

18 United States................5.5 1.2

20 Morocco .......................5.4 1.1

21 Algeria...........................5.4 1.3

25 Norway .........................5.3 0.9

26 Jordan...........................5.3 1.4

40 Egypt ............................4.9 1.5

43 Syria ..............................4.8 1.6

45 Turkey ...........................4.8 1.3


62 Brazil .............................4.5 1.4

64 Kuwait...........................4.5 1.4

72 Libya .............................4.3 1.6

76 Oman............................4.2 1.4

80 Mauritania .....................4.2 1.8

83 Qatar .............................4.1 1.3


88 Mexico..........................4.0 1.3

89 China.............................4.0 1.3

99 Bahrain..........................3.8 1.6


9.05Availability of scientists and engineers

Scientists and engineers in your country are (1 = nonexistent or rare,7 = widely available)


1 United States...................250.3

2 Japan ...............................236.9

12 Singapore ..........................80.5

19 Norway ..............................47.8

37 Kuwait .................................1.1


42 Mexico.................................0.7


50 Brazil ....................................0.4

54 India.....................................0.3

55 Oman...................................0.3

58 China ...................................0.3

70 Tunisia..................................0.1

71 Turkey ..................................0.1

72 Egypt ...................................0.1

77 Morocco ..............................0.0

80 Algeria .................................0.0

80 Bahrain ................................0.0

80 Jordan..................................0.0

80 Libya ....................................0.0

80 Mauritania............................0.0

80 Qatar....................................0.0

80 Syria.....................................0.0

SOURCE: US Patent and Trademark Office (March 2006)

9.06Utility patents

Number of utility patents (i.e., patents for invention) granted betweenJanuary 1 and December 31, 2005, per million population

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Inno

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9 Singapore......................6.0 0.9

12 Japan ............................5.9 1.1

14 Norway .........................5.8 1.0

17 United States................5.7 1.5

23 Oman............................5.3 1.4

28 Qatar .............................4.8 1.4


31 Tunisia...........................4.6 1.4

35 India ..............................4.5 1.5

43 Jordan...........................4.2 1.5

47 Bahrain..........................4.1 1.6

54 Morocco .......................3.8 1.7

55 Mexico..........................3.8 1.5

59 Kuwait...........................3.6 1.7

63 Egypt ............................3.6 1.7

64 Brazil .............................3.5 1.5

72 Turkey ...........................3.3 1.4

73 Algeria...........................3.3 1.6

75 China.............................3.3 1.4

78 Mauritania .....................3.3 1.4

91 Syria ..............................2.9 1.4

95 Libya .............................2.8 1.9



9.07Intellectual property protection

Intellectual property protection in your country (1 = is weak or nonexistent, 7 = is equal to the world’s most stringent)


2 Japan ............................6.0 0.8

9 United States................5.5 1.2

15 Norway .........................5.0 1.1

24 Singapore......................4.6 1.3

28 India ..............................4.3 1.3

29 Brazil .............................4.1 1.2

31 Tunisia...........................4.1 1.3

43 China.............................3.6 1.3

47 Turkey ...........................3.5 1.2


56 Mexico..........................3.3 1.1

61 Qatar .............................3.2 1.7


75 Jordan...........................2.9 1.2

77 Mauritania .....................2.9 2.2

84 Egypt ............................2.9 1.4

93 Morocco .......................2.7 1.4

108 Syria ..............................2.5 1.3

110 Oman............................2.5 1.6

112 Kuwait...........................2.5 1.5

117 Libya .............................2.4 1.6

122 Bahrain..........................2.4 1.2

123 Algeria...........................2.3 1.2


9.08Capacity for innovation

Companies obtain technology (1 = exclusively from licensing or imitating foreign companies, 7 = by conducting formal research andpioneering their own new products and processes)

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arab world competitiveness report 2007. part 11/11

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