apush mr. weber. activator 1. what do you think of our textbook? how much did you read? what did...
TRANSCRIPT
APUSHMr. Weber
Activator 1. What do you think of our textbook?
How much did you read?
What did you like?
What did you not like so much?
What did you find difficult?
2. How many pages do you anticipate reading tonight?
Agenda Activator, agenda, and objective (10 minutes)
First Americans Lecture / Chapter Outline (20 minutes)
Columbus and De Las Casas reading (15 minutes)
European’s View of Native Americans – observing primary sources (20-30 minutes)
“Voices of Freedom” primary source analysis (30-45 minutes)
APPARTS primary source strategy (10 minutes)
Exit ticket and homework (5 minutes)
Objective You all will…
Examine the transatlanic encounters between Europeans and American Indians, focusing on Spain’s empire and the Pueblo Revolt. (From CollegeBoard’s AP topic #2).
Analyze primary sources and record your observations in writing.
Give Me Liberty!Ch. 1 Presentation
(20-30 minutes)
I. First Americans
A. Arrival of Native Americans
- Gradual settlement across Americas
- Environmental change and rise of agriculture
B. Aztec and Inca Empires
I. First Americans (cont’d)C. North American Indians
Wide-ranging and evolving societies
Mississippi Valley
Ohio River Valley
Southwest
West Coast
Great Plains
Southeast
Northeast
Interrelations among Indian societies
Trade
Diplomacy
War
D. North American Indians
3. Distinguishing factors among Indian societies
Political organization
Religious beliefs
Language
Absence of shared identity
4. Common characteristics among Indian societies
Spiritual outlook
Place of ritual
Views on natural and supernatural
Views on secular and religious
Conceptions of property
Relative lack of material inequality
Systems of gender relations
5. European disdain for Indian customs and values
II. Indian freedom, European freedom
Indian conceptions of freedomBasis in collective belonging, self-determination, mutuality
Absence of basis in individual autonomy, private property
European incomprehension of
European conceptions of freedomChristian liberty
Freedom from sin
No freedom of religious choice
Freedom and inequality in early modern England
Emphasis on ordered, hierarchical society
Gender hierarchies
Class hierarchies
Unequal distribution of freedoms
III. Start of European expansion
Initial aims Commercial sea route to
Asia
Circumvention of Islamic middlemen
Eastward expansion Portugal’s exploration,
extension of trading empire
West Africa
Cape of Good Hope
India
Far East
Portugal’s colonization of Atlantic islands
Sugar plantations
Slaves from Africa
Slavery and Africa Traditional patterns of
African slavery
Acceleration of slave trade following European arrival
Westward expansion Voyages of Christopher
Columbus
Quest for westward route to Asia
Sponsorship of Spain
First Spanish presence in New World
Settlements at Hispaniola
Explorations by Amerigo Vespucci
First English and Portuguese presence in New World
John Cabot (Newfoundland)
Pedro Cabral (Brazil)
IV. Spanish conquest of New World
Motivations Acquisition of wealth
National glory
Spread of Catholicism
The Conquistadores Vasco Núňez de Balboa’s
expedition to Panama, the Pacific
Ferdinand Magellan’s expedition around the world
Hernán Cortés’s conquest of the Aztecs
Background on Aztec empire
Defeat, devastation, subjugation of the Aztecs
Francisco Pizarro’s conquest of the Incas
Background on Inca empire
Defeat, devastation, subjugation of the Incas
Demographic consequences
“Columbian exchange” of goods and people
Devastation of Indian population Breadth and
magnitude
Causes
War
Enslavement
Disease
Spanish conquistadores murdering Indians at Cuzco, in modern-day Peru. The Dutch-born engraver Theodor de Bry and his sons illustrated ten volumes about New World exploration published between 1590 and 1618. A Protestant, de Bry created vivid images that helped to spread the Black Legend of Spain as a uniquely cruel colonizer.
VI. The Spanish EmpireSpain and the Indians
Dual agenda of saving souls and exploiting labor
External restraints on brutalization of Indians
Pope Paul III’s ban on Indian enslavement
Bartolomé de las Casas’s Destruction of the Indies
Spanish reforms of colonist-Indian relations
Abolition of Indian enslavement
Abolition of encomienda system
Implementation of repartimiento system
Continuing abuse of Indians
Colonial labor system at end of sixteenth century Involuntary wage
labor by Indians
Slave labor by Africans
Emergence of Black Legend image of Spanish colonizers
Spanish explorations of North America Motivations
Riches
Strategic bases
Religious conversion
VI. The Spanish Empire
Spanish explorations of North America
2.Exploratory expeditions
Juan Ponce de Léon
Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo
Hernando de Soto
Cabeza de Vaca
Francisco Vásquez de Coronado
3.Devastation of Indian communities
4.Establishment of Spanish settlements
In present-day Southeast
In present-day Southwest
VI. The Spanish EmpirePueblo Revolt
Sources of Pueblo resentment of colonial authorities Labor exploitation
Pressure to convert to Catholicism
Assault on Pueblo religious traditions
Failure to protect Pueblos from drought, external attacks
The 1680 Revolt Popé
Background
Leadership
Unity of Pueblo rebels
Defeat and ouster of Spanish colonizers
Pueblo Revolt
3. Aftermath of revolt
Eradication of Spanish cultural presence
Collapse of Pueblo unity
Return of Spanish colonial rule
Easing of colonial practices toward Pueblos
VII. The French and Dutch empires
Overall significance As part of Atlantic
rivalry with Spain
Modesty of, compared to Spanish empire
The French empire Initial aims
Initial obstacles
Establishment and scope of
Relations with Indians
Social and economic arrangements
Limits of growth
The Dutch empire Establishment and
scope of
Place within Dutch commercial empire
Conceptions of liberty and toleration
Social and economic arrangements
Limits of growth
Relations with Indians
European’s Thinking about Indigenous Peoples
Christopher Columbus: Rethinking
Schools, pp.89-102
Lies My Teacher Told Me, pp.38-39.
De Las Casas History of the
Indies
European’s View of Native Americans
What do you see?
(Write down only observations based on the document).
European’s View of Native Americans
Voices of Freedom Turn to pp.38-39 in Give Me Liberty!
In groups examine either Bartolome de Las Casas’ History of the Indies or Josephe’s “Declaration of Joseph.”
Answer the following questions: 1. Observation: What kind of document is it? What is the
title? Who is the author? When was it written? For what audience was it written?
2. Expression: What do you find interesting or important about this document? Is there a particular phrase or section you find particularly meaningful or surprising?
3. Connection: What does this document tell us about life at the time it was written? What ideas of freedom are apparent in the document?
Primary Source Strategy: APPARTS
Exit ticket
Homework Continue reading Give Me Liberty! Ch.1 pp.1-
40 due Tuesday.
Zinn reading questions.
Prepare for debate tomorrow.