apg and extraction - hu-berlin.destefan/bilder/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/… · apg and extraction...

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APG and Extraction

Workshop Progress in Linguistics

August 27th 2013

Andreas Pankau Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main & Universiteit Utrecht

A.Pankau@ {lingua.uni-frankfurt.de | uu.nl}

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Aim of the Talk • Arc Pair Grammar (APG) allows a simple analysis for a peculiar type of

extraction found in German Relevance

• no such simple analysis is available in other frameworks • APG’s empirical focus: non-extraction structure

Structure of the Talk

• Part I o wh-copying in German o two weird properties

• Part II o overview of APG o outline of the APG analysis

• Part III o APG analysis of extraction o APG analysis of wh-copying

Part I – Wh-Copying in German

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(1) Wen glaubst du dass sie liebt? who believe you that she loves Who do you think she loves? (2) Wen glaubst du liebt sie? who believe you loves she Who do you think she loves? (3) Wen glaubst du wen sie liebt? who believe you who she loves Who do you think she loves?


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Extracted Resuming Element Element ↓ ↓ (3) Wen glaubst du wen sie liebt? who believe you who she loves Who do you think she loves?


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• Unboundedness (4) Wen denkst du wen sie meint wen er liebt? who think you who she means who he loves Who do you think she believes he loves? • Island Sensitivity (5) * Wen hat [SUBJ wen sie liebt] alle überrascht? (Subject Island) who has who she loves all surprised Who did that she loves surprise everyone? (6) * Wen machte Peter [NP die Behauptung [S wen sie liebt]]? (Complex NP Island) who made Peter the claim who she loves Who did Peter make the claim that she loves? • Bridge Verb Restriction (7) * Wen fragst du wen sie liebt? who ask you who she loves Who did you ask she loves? • Connectivity (8) * Wem glaubst du wem sie liebt? who.DAT believe you who.DAT she loves[ACC] Who do you think she loves?


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Interim Summary The resuming element is an extraction path phenomenon/reflex of successive cyclicity

Task Analysis of the resuming element

Part I – Two Weird Properties

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(9) * Welchen Mann glaubst du welchen Mann sie eingeladen hat? which man believe you which man she invited has Which man do you think she has invited? (10) # Wen glaubst du den sie eingeladen hat? who believe you who she invited has Who do you think she has invited? (11) # Welchen Mann glaubst du wen sie eingeladen hat? which man believe you who she invited has Which man do you think she has invited? (12) # Welchen Mann glaubst du den sie eingeladen hat? which man believe you who she invited has Which man do you think she has invited? (13) a. * Welchen Mann glaubst du den Mann sie eingeladen hat? which man believe you the man she invited has b. * Welchen Mann glaubst du diesen Mann sie eingeladen hat? which man believe you this man she invited has Which man do you think she has invited?


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The Pronominal Weirdness

Why does the resuming element surface as a pronominal?


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(14) a. [DP D° [AgrP Agr° [NP N° ]]] → [DP D° [AgrP Agr° [NP NNN°°° ]]] welch- -en Mann w-/d- -en MMMaaannnnnn b. feature sharing of the respective head features (15) # Welchen Mann glaubst du wen/den sie eingeladen hat? which man believe you who she invited has Which man do you think she has invited? (16) # Mit welchem Mann glaubst du mit wem/dem sie getanzt hat? with which man believe you with whom she danced has Which man do you think she danced with? (17) a. [PP P° [DP D° [AgrP Agr° [NP N° ]]]] → [PP P° [DP D° [AgrP Agr° [NP NNN°°° ]]]] mit welch- -em Mann mit w-/d- -em MMMaaannnnnn b. feature sharing of head features of the respective mothers AND of the head features of the respective non-head daughters (18) Wo glaubst du wo sie sich getroffen haben? where believe you where they SELF met have Where do you think they met? (19) In welchem Haus glaubst du wo/ in dem er wohnt? in which house believe you where in that he lives In which house do you think he lives?


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The Rule Weirdness

every category requires a separate condition

Part II – Overview of APG

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General Properties model-theoretic non-transformational relationally based multistratal Specific Properties GRs expressed via arcs 2 metarelations: Sponsor & Erase 1 = subject 2 = object P = predicate Cl = clause = Sponsor = Erase

300

dies John

Cl

P 2 1

400

200

100

Part II – Outline of the APG Analysis

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(20) The Resuming Element heads a Replacer Arc a) - replacer arcs can only be headed by pronominals

- extraction “creates” the context for the presence of a replacer arc → the presence of a pronominal Resuming Element is no longer surprising b) - Resuming Element and Extracted Element are relationally identical

- GRs influence the categorial status of an element → Resuming Element and Extracted Element are relationally identical, so their category will be identical

Part III – APG Analysis of Extraction

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300

2

100

WH

liebt sie wen

du glaubst

P

P

2

1

1

Cl

Cl

200

500 400

600

101 80 90


14

300

100

30

WH

liebt sie wen

du glaubst

P

P

2

2

1

1

Cl

Cl

200

500 400

600

101 80 90


15

300

100

2 30

WH

liebt sie wen

du glaubst

P

P

2

2

1

1

Cl

Cl

200

500 400

600

101 80 90


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(21) a. Qué querían esos dos? what wanted those two b. * Qué esos dos querían? what those two wanted What did those two want? (22) a. Qué pensaba Juan [S que le había dicho Pedro [S que había publicado la revista]]? what thought Juan that him had told Pedro that had published the journal b. * Qué pensaba Juan [S que Pedro le había dicho [S que la revista había publicado]]? what thought Juan that Pedro him had told that the journal had published What did John think that Peter had told him that the journal had published? (23) En qué medida la constitución ha contribuido a eso ? in what manner the constitution has contributed to that In what way has the constitution contributed to that? (24) En qué medida Juan había pensado [S que Pedro le había asegurado [S que la revista in what manner Juan had thought that Pedro him had assured that the journal se arriesgaría a publicar eso]]? SELF risk at publish that To what extent had Juan thought that Pedro assured him that the journal would risk publishing that?

Part III – APG Analysis of Wh-Copying

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100

400 300

2 30

WH

liebt sie wen

du glaubst

P

P

2

2

1

1

Cl

Cl

200

500

600

101 80 90


18

100

2

wen

580

400 300

2 30

WH

liebt sie wen

du glaubst

P

P

2

2

1

1

Cl

Cl

200

500

600

101 80 90


19

100

2

wen

580

400 300

2 30

WH

liebt sie wen

du glaubst

P

P

2

2

1

1

Cl

Cl

200

500

600

101 80 90


20

700 900

600

500

300

200

100

?

2

Marge loves Homer

that

says

1

1

2

P

P

Cl

Cl

400

510


21

700 900

600

500

800 300

200

100

?

2 2

Marge loves Homer

that

says

1

1

2

P

P

Cl

Cl

400

510

him


22

700 900

600

500

800 300

200

100

?

2 2

Marge loves Homer

that

says

1

1

2

P

P

Cl

Cl

400

510

him


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(25) Wh-Copying Rule German Rel-Marker (B) → ∃C (Replace (C,B)) (26) Mary is pretty to look at (*her). (27) I María íne ómorfi na *(tin ) kitás. the Maria is beautiful to her look.at Maria is beautiful to look at.


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700 900

600

500

800 300

200

100

?

2 2

O kitas i Maria

na

ine omorfi

1

1

2

P

P

Cl

Cl

400

510

tin

700 900

600

500

300

200

100

?

2

O look Mary

to

is pretty

1

1

2

P

P

Cl

Cl

400

510


25

100

2

wen

580

400 300

2 30

WH

liebt sie wen

du glaubst

P

P

2

2

1

1

Cl

Cl

200

500

600

101 80 90


26

100

2

wen

580

400 300

2 30

WH

liebt sie wen

du glaubst

P

P

2

2

1

1

Cl

Cl

200

500

600

101 80 90


27

100

Com

wem

580

400 300

Com 30

WH

tanzt sie wem

du glaubst

P

P

2

Com

1

1

Cl

Cl

200

500

600

101 80 90


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(28) * Ich tanze Maria (29) Ich tanze mit Maria

Com

Maria mit

300

60 F

Com

100

200

400

Maria

400

Com

100


29

Com

103

sie mit

F 60

Com

102

101

90 80

wem

581

400 300

Com 30

WH

tanzt wem

du glaubst

P

P

2

Com 1

1

Cl

Cl

100

200

500

600

100

Com

wem

580

400 300

Com 30

WH

tanzt sie wem

du glaubst

P

P

2

Com

1

1

Cl

Cl

200

500

600

101 80 90


30

sie

Com

103

60 F

mit

580

mit

F 60

Com

102

101

90 80

Com

wem

582

400 300

Com 30

WH

tanzt wem

du glaubst

P

P

2

Com 1

1

Cl

Cl

100

200

500

600

581

100

Com

wem

580

400 300

Com 30

WH

tanzt sie wem

du glaubst

P

P

2

Com

1

1

Cl

Cl

200

500

600

101 80 90


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(30) a. In welchem Haus glaubst du in dem er wohnt? in which house believe you in that he lives b. In welchem Haus glaubst du wo er wohnt? in which house believe you where he lives In which house do you think he lives?


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sie

Loc

103

60 F

in

580

in

F 60

Loc

102

101

90 80

Loc

dem

582

400 300

Loc 30

WH

wohnt welchem Haus

du glaubst

P

P

2

Loc 1

1

Cl

Cl

100

200

500

600

581


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Loc

103

sie in

F 60

Loc

102

101

90 80

wo

581

400 300

Loc 30

WH

wohnt welchem Haus

du glaubst

P

P

2

Loc 1

1

Cl

Cl

100

200

500

600


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(31) Wo glaubst du wo sie wohnt? where believe you where she lives Where do you think they met?


35

100

Loc

wo

580

400 300

Loc 30

WH

tanzt sie wo

du glaubst

P

P

2

Loc

1

1

Cl

Cl

200

500

600

101 80 90

Conclusion

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Conclusion • APG allows a simple analysis of the resuming element (32) The resuming element heads a replacer arc • with this analysis, the two weird properties are easily accounted for

o only pronominals are licensed as resuming elements because replacer arcs can generally only be headed by pronominals

o the different statements reflect differences in the surfacing of grammatical relations

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