AP Biology

Welcome to AP Biology Agenda: 8/27/12

Registration Student Info Sheets / Safety Contracts Distribute Books HW – Student Survey

AP Biology

AP Biology

Class Expectations found on Durango Website http://www.durangohighschool.net/

Course Information, supplemental materials, AP test info go to www.collegeboard.com

Online Textbook/Notes go to http://www.course-notes.org/Biology/Slides/Campbells_Biology_7th_Edition

NMSI Website – more to come

AP Biology

Homework – Student Survey On a separate sheet of paper please

tell me about yourself in 1 page. Must include the following: Interests/hobbies/familyPast Science courses How you learn best / learning styleGoals for AP BiologyGoals for your future

Due Tomorrow!

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Welcome to AP Biology ~ Day 2

Agenda: 8/28/12 Collect Student Info Sheets / Safety

Contracts Distribute Books (if needed) AP Bio / Chp.1 Overview HW – Chp.2 Read & Review Questions Quiz 1 will be this FRIDAY (8/31/12)

Covers review materials: Chp.1-3, Lab Safety, Scientific Method, Designing a Controlled Experiment

AP Biology

AP Biology Test

Monday, May 14 http://www.collegeboard.com/student/te

sting/ap/biology/exam.html?biology

Course Break Down

Big Idea 1: EvolutionThe process of evolution drives the diversity and unity of life.

Big Idea 2: Cellular Processes: Energy and CommunicationBiological systems utilize free energy and molecular building blocks to grow, to reproduce, and to maintain dynamic homeostasis.

Big Idea 3: Genetics and Information TransferLiving systems store, retrieve, transmit, and respond to information essential to life processes.

Big Idea 4: InteractionsBiological systems interact, and these systems and their interactions possess complex properties.

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Learning Objectives Labs Questions?

AP Biology 2007-2008

Study of Life

Themes

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Themes Science as a process of

inquiry questioning & investigation

Evolution Energy transfer Continuity & Change Relationship of structure to function Regulation Interdependence in nature Science, technology & society

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Science as a process of inquiry

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Science as a process of inquiry Built on repeatable observations &

testable, falsifiable hypotheses

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Falsifiable

A hypothesis is falsifiable if you can design and perform and experiment to show you that it is wrong, if it is wrong (meaning, it can be tested).

EXAMPLES: Falsifiable – Increasing the amount of

water given to a plant will increase its growth

NOT Falsifiable – Giving a plant more water will make it

happier.

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Evolution Core theme of biology

Charles Darwin

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Natural selection Evolutionary change is a

product of the process of natural selection

Organisms don’t adapt;

Organisms have adaptations.

AP Biology 2007-2008

"Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution."

-- Theodosius DobzhanskyMarch 1973

Geneticist, Columbia University

(1900-1975)

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Evolution explains unity & diversity Unity

what do organisms have in common & why do similarities exist? common biochemistry & physiology

evolutionary relationships connected through common ancestor

Diversity but why are there

differences? natural selection adaptations allow different

individuals to survive in different environments

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Organizing systems Making sense out of the diversity Hierarchical

scheme

Eastern gray squirrelSciurus carolinensis

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3 Domains of LifeBacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

EukaryaBacteria Archaea

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Energy transfer Life is an open system

need input of energy energy flows through energy comes in,

energy goes out need a constant input

need input of materials nutrients are recycled

around & around

ENTROPY RULES!DECOMPOSERS

RULE, too!

nutrients

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Energy utilization

You think they’re eating…

They’re harvestingenergy!

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Continuity & change Continuity of life is based on heritable

information in the form of DNA DNA – the genetic

material – carries biological information from one generation to the next

You can make more,a lot like you!

TRAIT

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Structure and function The alignment of structure & function is

seen at all levels of biology

organism

cell organelle

organ

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Regulation Organisms need to maintain a “steady state”

in the face of changing conditions Homeostasis achieve this through feedback

monitor the body like a thermostat turn on when it’s needed, off when its not

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Interdependence in Nature No organism is an island standing alone

communities, ecosystems

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Science, technology & society Science & technology must function within

the rules of society ethics

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Themes Science as a process of

inquiry questioning & investigation

Evolution Energy transfer Continuity & Change Relationship of structure to function Regulation Interdependence in nature Science, technology & society

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Why study themes of Biology? Biology is an ever expanding body of

knowledge too much to memorize it all need to generalize create a framework upon which to

organize new knowledge themes are the key to understanding

the nature of living organisms

AP Biology 2007-2008

ANY QUESTIONS?

AP Biology

Homework Begin Week 1 Reading Assignment

Suggestion: Complete Chp.1, Start Chp.2

Complete Review Questions

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Agenda: 8/29/12

Collect any signature pages Review safety features of lab Review scientific method Designing a controlled experiment Homework

AP Biology

Lab Safety Tour Questions?

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The Scientific Method: Review

1. Statement of problem.

2. Observation: data collection.

3. Hypothesis: proposed explanation

4. Experimental testing.

5. Acceptance or rejection of hypothesis.

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Biologists use various forms of inquiry to explore life

At the heart of science is inquiry A search for information and explanation,

often focusing on specific questions Biology blends two main processes of

scientific inquiry Discovery science Hypothesis-based science

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Discovery Science

Describes natural structures and processes as accurately as possible through careful observation and analysis of data

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Data

Are recorded observations Can be quantitative or qualitative

Figure 1.24

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Induction in Discovery Science

In inductive reasoning Scientists derive generalizations

based on a large number of specific observations

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Hypothesis-Based Science In science, inquiry that asks specific

questions Usually involves the proposing and

testing of hypothetical explanations, or hypotheses

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The Role of Hypotheses in Inquiry

In science, a hypothesis Is a tentative answer to a well-framed

question, an explanation on trial Makes predictions that can be tested

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We all use hypotheses in solving everyday problems

Observations

Questions

Hypothesis # 1:Dead batteries

Hypothesis # 2:Burnt-out bulb

Prediction:Replacing batterieswill fix problem

Prediction:Replacing bulbwill fix problem

Test prediction

Test does not falsify hypothesis

Test prediction

Test falsifies hypothesisFigure 1.25

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A Closer Look at Hypotheses in Scientific Inquiry

A scientific hypothesis must have two important qualities It must be testable It must be falsifiable

"No amount of experimentation can ever prove me right, one single experiment can prove me wrong."

--- Albert Einstein.

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Designing Controlled Experiments

Experiments must be designed to test The effect of one variable by testing

control groups and experimental groups in a way that cancels the effects of unwanted variables

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Theories in Science

A scientific theory Is broad in scope Generates new hypotheses Is supported by a large body of evidence

***In order for a theory to be accepted, it must be consistent and repeatable by others.

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Designing a Controlled Experiment

Labs, Inquiry, and Lab Reports are a HUGE part of AP Biology

You will work with a partner in this activity to review the components of a controlled activity.

At the end, you will practice designing your own controlled experiment.

You will have class time today and tomorrow, Due Friday!

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Homework

Continue working on 1st Week Reading Assignment ~ Due Friday! Suggestion: Complete Chp.2, Start Chp.3

Quiz Chp.1-3 & Scientific Method is FRIDAY

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Agenda: 8/30/12 Collect any signature pages Feedback & Water movie clip Continue working on “Designing a

Controlled Experiment” with your partner – due tomorrow

Quiz Chp.1-3 & Scientific Method is tomorrow! (1st week reading assignment is due tomorrow)

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Homework

Finish “Designing a Controlled Experiment”

Finish 1st Week Reading Assignment ~ Due TOMORROW!

Quiz Chp.1-3 & Scientific Method is tomorrow!

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Agenda:8/31/12

Quiz Chp.1-3 & Scientific Method Finish “Designing a Controlled

Experiment” Review Data & Graphing HW – Chp.4 (& beginning of 5) notes

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Data Tables & Graphing Review

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Working with DATA When you work with data during an

experiment, you need to: Make accurate and precise measurements. Account for error in measured values Develop techniques and consistency for

collecting data Understand the units and properties of the data.

Make observations of trends and patterns in the data. Produce visual representation of data, GRAPHS and

CHARTS.

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Working with Data Continued

When you work with data during an experiment, you need to: Use mathematical equations to model

data. Use mathematical models to make

predictions of trends. Test the fitness of models using regression

of correlations and other statistical test.

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Introduction to Graphing Techniques

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Introduction to Graphing Techniques Identify the independent and dependent variable. The independent variable is carefully controlled and

varied by a specific amount during an experiment. It is plotted on the x-axis.

The dependent variable must be measured every time the independent variable is changed during the experiment. It is plotted on the y-axis.

Choose your scale carefully (must be consistent intervals). Make your graph as large as possible by spreading out the data on each axis. Let each square grid on your axis represent a convenient interval. Do not number every grid on your axis.

Plot each point as a dark dot

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Intro to Graphing Techniques cont. Label each axis with the name of the variable and the

units of measure. Using a ruler, darken the lines representing the axis.

Use a pencil and a ruler when drawing the axis for your graph.

Title your graph. The title should be short and clearly state the purpose of the graph. The title could include the independent and dependent variables. General the titles are written as the y variable vs the x variable.

Use a single sheet of graph paper for each graph. Do not use the back of a sheet graph paper.

If you have more than one graph, number each graph in the upper right-hand corner.

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Introduction to Graphing Techniques

AP Biology

Introduction to Graphing Techniques

Examine the position of your data points. Observe the pattern the data forms on the graph. From the pattern the data makes on the graph,

determine the type of relationship between the x and y variables.

Most times it will be best to use a smooth continuous line called a “best fit”line.

AP Biology

Drawing a “best fit” line. Your line should go through as many of the data points as

possible. Use a ruler (if the line appears straight) and a sharp pencil to draw a best fit line.

When you draw your “best fit” line and the data points do not all fit on the line, draw the line so that there are equal numbers of data points above and below the line you draw. Try to draw the line so that it comes as close to all data points as possible.

This may result in a line that curves! If it is logical for the data to go through the origin, take your

best fit line all the way to the origin. Draw your best fit line so that it goes a little past your last

data point.

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Direct Relationship

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Inverse Relationship

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Homework

Review Data Tables & Graphing powerpointOn my.ccsd.net website

Chp.4 (& beginning of 5) Reading AssignmentDue Tuesday!!!