ap biology lipids energy storage ap biology lipids lipids are composed of c, h, o long hydrocarbon...
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AP Biology
Lipids
energy storage
AP Biology
Lipids Lipids are composed of C, H, O
long hydrocarbon chain 4 types of lipids
fatsphospholipidssteroidswaxes
fat
AP Biology
1. TriglyceridesFat molecules
3 fatty acids chains linked to glycerol
AP Biology
Fats store energyLong HC chain
Hydrophobic“water – fearing” = insoluble in water
Function:energy storage
very rich2x carbohydrates
cushion organsinsulates body
AP Biology
Saturated fatsAll C bonded to HNo C=C double bonds
long, straight chainmost animal fats solid at room temp.
contributes to cardiovascular disease (atherosclerosis) = plaque deposits
AP Biology
Unsaturated fatsAt least one C=C double bond in
the fatty acidsplant & fish fats vegetable oilsliquid at room temperature
the kinks made by doublebonded C prevent the molecules from packing tightly together
mono-unsaturated?poly-unsaturated?
AP Biology
Saturated vs. unsaturatedsaturated unsaturated
AP Biology
2. Phospholipids Structure:
glycerol + 2 fatty acids chains + phosphate headPO4 negatively charged
AP Biology
PhospholipidsHydrophobic or hydrophilic?
fatty acid tails = hydrophobicPO4 = hydrophilic headdual “personality”
interaction with H2O is complex & very important!
It likes water & also pushes
it away!
AP Biology
Phospholipids in waterHydrophilic heads attracted to H2O
Hydrophobic tails “hide” from H2Ocan self-assemble into “bubbles” can also form a phospholipid bilayer
Found in animal cells (cell membrane)
bilayer
AP Biology
Steroidsex: cholesterol, sex hormones4 fused C rings
different steroids created by attaching different functional groups to rings
cholesterol
AP Biology
CholesterolImportant cell component
animal cell membranesprecursor of all other steroids
including vertebrate sex hormoneshigh levels in blood may contribute to
cardiovascular disease
AP Biology
Cholesterol
helps keep cell membranes fluid & flexible
Important component of cell membrane
AP Biology
From Cholesterol Sex HormonesWhat a big difference a few atoms can make!
AP Biology
What is the function of a triglyceride?
1 2 3 4
0%5%
0%
95%1. Stores and transfers genetic information
2. Stores energy3. Control the rate
of reactions4. Help to fight
disease
AP Biology
Fats that have at least one double bond between Carbon atoms are called
1 2 3 4
88%
6%0%
6%
1. Unsaturated2. Saturated3. Glycerol4. Fatty Acids
AP Biology
What is another name for a fat molecule?
1 2 3 4
15%
75%
0%
10%
1. phospholipid2. Cholesterol3. Steroid4. triglyceride
AP Biology
Phospholipids have a
1 2
95%
5%
1. hydrophobic head and hydrophilic tail
2. hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail
AP Biology
Which of the following is an example of a steroid
1 2 3 4
0% 0%0%
100%1. Fatty acids2. Sex Hormones3. Phospholipids4. Olive Oil