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www.eia.govU.S. Energy Information Administration Independent Statistics & Analysis
Annual Energy Outlook 2017:
Preliminary Results for Electricity, Coal,
Nuclear and Renewables
For
AEO2017 Working Group
October 3, 2016 | Washington, D.C.
By
EIA, Office of Electricity, Coal, Nuclear & Renewables Analysis
2
Last Name First Name Organization Last Name First Name Organization Last Name First Name Organization Last Name First Name Organization
Adams Greg EIA Esber Salem paconsulting Marmon Greg woodmac Simpson Cynthia OCFO
Alfaro Jose alphanr Evans Carolyn nscorp Mayes Fred EIA Slater-Thomps Nancy EIA
Anderson Robert DOE Eyster Jerry GE Mazuroski Nick usabiomass Smith Alexander FERC
Arena Jenalyse EIA Feldman David NREL Mcenaney Bobby NRDC Somerday Michele firstenergycorp
Augustine Chad NREL Gigliotti Stephen DOL Mead Ian EIA Spitsen Paul DOE
Baca Justin SEIA Gospodarczyk Marta EIA Moses Carolyn EIA Stanton Tom NRRI
Balash Peter NETL Gresham Lee brattle Namovicz Christopher EIA Staudt James Andover Tech
Battey Hoyt DOE Gulen Gurcan beg.utexas Nandy Samir CONTR Steinberger Kevin NRDC
Biggs Natalie woodmac Hanson Don ANL Neff Shirley EIA Strohfus Mark GE
Blair Nate NREL Harrison Keith southernco Nethercutt Elliott NERC Sutton Jim Alstom
Blumenfeld Andy archcoal Heeter Jenny NREL Nichols Christopher NETL Szabo Aaron omb eop
Boedecker Erin EIA Hensley John AWEA Oster Ron peabodyenergy Theis Joel NETL
Bowles Mark Entergy Herndon Whitney Rhodium Palmer Mason leidos Torrey Beek Oceana
Bowman Michelle EIA Hodge Tyler EIA Park Brian EIA Tsai Chenhao beg.utexas
Bratvold Delma Leidos Holmes Mike undeerc Peters Jamie UP Tucker Russell NRECA
Brewer John NETL Holtberg Paul EIA Peterson David EIA Walsh Ken leidos
Chandra Sanjay ICFI Hunt Hannah AWEA Renes Thomas leidos White Carol EIA
Clausen Scott ACORE Jell Scott EIA Roche Madelyn NRECA White David
Cole Wesley NREL Johnson Elias EIA Romer Craig xcelenergy Williams Alison EEI
Comstock Owen EIA Johnson Slade EIA Salmi Chris dep.nj Wilson Thomas EPRI
Conti John EIA Khair Lauren NRECA Satsangi Ann DOE Wiser Ryan LBL
Craft J.W. Leff Michael Con Edison Sattler Sandra UCS Wolf William jtboyd
Cunliff Colin DOE Lewandowski Dave Schmalz John leidos Wood Frances On Location
Dean John JDENERGY Lindstrom Perry EIA Schmitter John Kep llc Wos Thomas tri-state gt
Diefenderfer Jim EIA Lintner Michael CONTR Schoeberlein David DOE Wright Evelyn SEE
Digiantommaso Jen OCFO Luckow Patrick Synapse Shaffer Brian USGS Wyes Tesfaye OCFO
Dixon Robert DOE Mahan Simon SACE Shenk Brian USACE Yin Hang RFF
Donohoo-Vallett Paul DOE Manzagol Nilay EIA Shields Daniel occ.ohio Zelek Charles NETL
Showalter Sharon On Location Zhao Song leidos
AEO 2017 Electricity, Nuclear, Coal, and Renewables Working Group
October 3, 2016
WORKING GROUP PRESENTATION FOR DISCUSSION
PURPOSES. DO NOT QUOTE OR CITE AS RESULTS
ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE.
Summary
• Most significant changes in AEO2017 outlook
• Present preliminary AEO2017 outlook results
• Open discussion
3AEO 2017 Electricity, Nuclear, Coal, and Renewables Working Group
October 3, 2016
WORKING GROUP PRESENTATION FOR DISCUSSION
PURPOSES. DO NOT QUOTE OR CITE AS RESULTS
ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE.
Most significant changes in electric sector outlook for AEO2017:
nuclear/coal
Nuclear: projected share of units retiring after license expiration at 60 years
Environmental regulation: impact of extensive installation of mercury control
equipment
Generating unit operating performance: detailed representation of heat rates
by operating mode
Coal production: treatment of coal productivity
• Yet to be completed: nuclear uprates, final plant file updates, replacement
for cost index used in projecting new electric equipment additions
4AEO 2017 Electricity, Nuclear, Coal, and Renewables Working Group
October 3, 2016
WORKING GROUP PRESENTATION FOR DISCUSSION
PURPOSES. DO NOT QUOTE OR CITE AS RESULTS
ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE.
Most significant changes in electric sector outlook for AEO2017:
renewables
Accounting for regional capital cost differences: solar costs revision to base
on as-observed regional cost information
Solar assumptions data update for consistency between cost and
performance assumptions (using inverter load ratio of 1.2)
• Yet to be completed: more accurate modeling of distributed generation: use
of PV load shapes revision to account for impacts of DPV on demand
• Yet to be completed: Still working on incorporating solar curtailments
algorithm
• Postponed until AEO2018: energy storage
5AEO 2017 Electricity, Nuclear, Coal, and Renewables Working Group
October 3, 2016
WORKING GROUP PRESENTATION FOR DISCUSSION
PURPOSES. DO NOT QUOTE OR CITE AS RESULTS
ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE.
Summary preliminary results AEO2017 electric generation sector
• Long term replacement of generation from retired nuclear units, principally
by renewables and natural gas
– Nuclear capacity declines by about 22 GW by 2050
– Renewables generation is up 370% and gas generation increases 43% by 2050.
• Non-hydro renewable capacity additions are net 32 gigawatts higher by 2040
in the AEO2017 than AEO2016, primarily from solar PV
– Solar PV in AEO2017 is 92 GW higher than AEO2016, while wind additions are 62 GW lower
– Expansion of solar PV continues through the end of the outlook period, with another 170GW
added from 2040-50 in AEO2017.
AEO 2017 Electricity, Nuclear, Coal, and Renewables Working Group
October 3, 20166
WORKING GROUP PRESENTATION FOR DISCUSSION
PURPOSES. DO NOT QUOTE OR CITE AS RESULTS
ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE.
AEO2017 Reference case and alternative cases• Reference case includes the Clean Power Plan
– A mass-based approach by states, covering both new and existing sources
– Credit trading at the EMM regional level
– Allowances allocation to load serving entities
• Potential side cases:
– No CPP
– High oil price
– Low oil price
– High economic growth
– Low economic growth
– High oil and gas resource and technology
– Low oil and gas resource and technology
AEO 2017 Electricity, Nuclear, Coal, and Renewables Working Group
October 3, 20167
WORKING GROUP PRESENTATION FOR DISCUSSION
PURPOSES. DO NOT QUOTE OR CITE AS RESULTS
ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE.
AEO2017 Reference case key nuclear assumptions
AEO 2017 Electricity, Nuclear, Coal, and Renewables Working Group
October 3, 20168
WORKING GROUP PRESENTATION FOR DISCUSSION
PURPOSES. DO NOT QUOTE OR CITE AS RESULTS
ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE.
Case AssumptionsTotal Capacity
Additions
Total Capacity
Retirements
Announced New Builds 4.4 GW
Potential Uprates About 5 GW
Additional New Builds Allowed by Model
Announced Retirements 6.9 GW
Generic Derates (near-term) 3 GW
Generic Derates (long-term) About 22 GW
Long-term retirements related to subsequent license renewal
uncertainty are assumed in AEO2017
• Not all reactors will operate for 80 years.
• Uncertainty related to the likelihood of achieving a subsequent license renewal was
examined qualitatively, and AEO2017 includes about 22 GW of long-term retirements
(generic derates) to address this uncertainty.
• AEO2018 will address long-term operations beyond 60 years in more detail, and the
project to do so is underway.
AEO 2017 Electricity, Nuclear, Coal, and Renewables Working Group
October 3, 20169
WORKING GROUP PRESENTATION FOR DISCUSSION
PURPOSES. DO NOT QUOTE OR CITE AS RESULTS
ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE.
Preliminary Results
AEO 2017 Electricity, Nuclear, Coal, and Renewables Working Group
October 3, 2016 10
WORKING GROUP PRESENTATION FOR DISCUSSION
PURPOSES. DO NOT QUOTE OR CITE AS RESULTS
ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE.
Similar natural gas price path through 2040, but rising
significantly after
AEO 2017 Electricity, Nuclear, Coal, and Renewables Working Group
October 3, 2016
ref2017.0928a
11
WORKING GROUP PRESENTATION FOR DISCUSSION
PURPOSES. DO NOT QUOTE OR CITE AS RESULTS
ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE.
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
Natural gas: Henry Hub Spot Price2016$/MMBtu
AEO2017
AEO2016
Electricity sales are slightly down from AEO2016
AEO 2017 Electricity, Nuclear, Coal, and Renewables Working Group
October 3, 2016
ref2017.0928a
12
WORKING GROUP PRESENTATION FOR DISCUSSION
PURPOSES. DO NOT QUOTE OR CITE AS RESULTS
ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE.
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
4,500
5,000
5,500
2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
Total electricity salesbillion kilowatthour
AEO2017
AEO2016
History Projection
Renewables and natural gas replace lost nuclear generation in
long-term and are primary resource to meet new demand
AEO 2017 Electricity, Nuclear, Coal, and Renewables Working Group
October 3, 2016
ref2017.0928a
13
WORKING GROUP PRESENTATION FOR DISCUSSION
PURPOSES. DO NOT QUOTE OR CITE AS RESULTS
ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE.
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
Net U.S. power sector electricity generationbillion kilowatthour
History Projection
Coal
Natural gas
Nuclear
Petroleum
Renewables
Overnight capital costs for new solar PV plants declines much
faster after 2025, partly due to declining metals cost index
AEO 2017 Electricity, Nuclear, Coal, and Renewables Working Group
October 3, 2016
ref2017.0928a
14
WORKING GROUP PRESENTATION FOR DISCUSSION
PURPOSES. DO NOT QUOTE OR CITE AS RESULTS
ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE.
$0
$500
$1,000
$1,500
$2,000
$2,500
$3,000
2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
Overnight capital costs for new solar PV plants2016$/kilowatt
AEO2017
AEO2016
Renewable generation is 15% higher in 2040 than
AEO2016, primarily from solar
AEO 2017 Electricity, Nuclear, Coal, and Renewables Working Group
October 3, 2016
ref2017.0928a
15
WORKING GROUP PRESENTATION FOR DISCUSSION
PURPOSES. DO NOT QUOTE OR CITE AS RESULTS
ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE.
0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200
Hydro
Geothermal
Biomass
Solar
Wind
Total
Renewable generation between 2016 and 2040billion kilowatthour
AEO2017
AEO2016
Long-term nuclear retirements create substantial additional
opportunity for new capacity additions for wind and solar
AEO 2017 Electricity, Nuclear, Coal, and Renewables Working Group
October 3, 2016
ref2017.0928a
16
WORKING GROUP PRESENTATION FOR DISCUSSION
PURPOSES. DO NOT QUOTE OR CITE AS RESULTS
ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
Electricity generating capacity additions, AEO2017gigawatt
History Projections
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Electricity generating capacity additions, AEO2016gigawatt
Solar
Wind
Oil & natural gas
Nuclear
Coal
Other
AEO 2017 Electricity, Nuclear, Coal, and Renewables Working Group
October 3, 2016
Coal capacity is higher than AEO2016 due to extensive
installation of MATS controls
ref2017.0928a
17
WORKING GROUP PRESENTATION FOR DISCUSSION
PURPOSES. DO NOT QUOTE OR CITE AS RESULTS
ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE.
(4.5)
(13.4)(11.3)
(4.6)
(11.4)(14.2)
(11.0)(12.5)
(4.1)
(0.7)(3.5) (3.2)
(4.5)
(0.3)
(4.6)
(13.4)
(51.5)
(5.3)(3.8)
(7.5)
(1.5)
(6.2)
(2.0)(0.3)
(5.9)(4.5)
(3.0)(1.0)
(60.0)
(50.0)
(40.0)
(30.0)
(20.0)
(10.0)
0.0
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2030 2040
Gig
aw
atts
AEO2017 Coal Cap Change AEO2016 Coal Cap Change
AEO 2017 Electricity, Nuclear, Coal, and Renewables Working Group
October 3, 2016
ref2017.0928a
CO2 emissions post-2020 decline to meet CPP mass-based targets
which are assumed to remain constant after 2030
18
WORKING GROUP PRESENTATION FOR DISCUSSION
PURPOSES. DO NOT QUOTE OR CITE AS RESULTS
ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE.
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800
2,000
2,200
2,400
2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
CO2 emissions by electric powermillion metric ton
AEO2017
AEO2016
AEO 2017 Electricity, Nuclear, Coal, and Renewables Working Group
October 3, 2016
ref2017.0928a, *2014 and 2015 data is estimated
Total coal production down slightly in short-term, but increases
slightly in later year
19
WORKING GROUP PRESENTATION FOR DISCUSSION
PURPOSES. DO NOT QUOTE OR CITE AS RESULTS
ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE.
400
500
600
700
800
900
1,000
1,100
1,200
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
Total coal production (1970-2050)million short tons
AEO2017
AEO2016
History Projection
2005*
AEO 2017 Electricity, Nuclear, Coal, and Renewables Working Group
October 3, 2016
ref2017.0928a, *2014 and 2015 data is estimated
Coal production by region, 1970-2050
20
WORKING GROUP PRESENTATION FOR DISCUSSION
PURPOSES. DO NOT QUOTE OR CITE AS RESULTS
ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE.
Appalachia
Interior
Western
Total U.S.
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
Regional coal production, 1970-2050Million short tons
16 Total U.S.
15 Total U.S.
AEO2017
AEO2016
2015*
ProjectionsHistory
AEO 2017 Electricity, Nuclear, Coal, and Renewables Working Group
October 3, 2016
ref2017.0928a, *2014 and 2015 data is estimated
U.S. coal exports
21
WORKING GROUP PRESENTATION FOR DISCUSSION
PURPOSES. DO NOT QUOTE OR CITE AS RESULTS
ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE.
2014*
ProjectionsHistory
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
1995 2012 2030 2050
US coal exports, 1995-2050million short tons
Coking
Steam
AEO 2017 Electricity, Nuclear, Coal, and Renewables Working Group
October 3, 2016
preliminary AEO2017 assumptions; ref2016.d032416a
Reassessment of Wyoming Powder River Basin (PRB) Coal
Mining Productivity Assumptions
22
WORKING GROUP PRESENTATION FOR DISCUSSION
PURPOSES. DO NOT QUOTE OR CITE AS RESULTS
ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE.
Short tons per miner hour
0
10
20
30
40
50
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
history
AEO2016
AEO2017
0
10
20
30
40
50
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
Southern Wyoming PRB
AEO2017
AEO2016
Northern Wyoming PRB • Compared to AEO2016:
• Higher in Northern WY PRB
• Lower in Southern WY PRB
• Net effect: lower productivity
assumptions for the region push
prices higher and production lower
early in the projection; but similar to
AEO2016 in out years
• Methodology includes a mine by
mine assessment relating stripping
ratios and approximate, expected
production tons to derive overburden
tons. Greater overburden tons lead
to an increase in labor hours and
lower productivity.
history
0 10 20 30 40 50
01NE (CT,MA,ME,NH,RI,VT)
02YP (NY,PA,NJ)
03S1 (WV,MD,DC,DE)
04S2 (VA,NC,SC)
05GF (GA,FL)
06OH (OH)
07EN (IN,IL,MI,WI)
08KT (KY,TN)
09AM (AL,MS)
10C1 (MN,ND,SD)
11C2 (IA,NE,MO,KS)
12WS (TX,LA,OK,AR)
13MT (MT,WY,ID)
14CU (CO,UT,NV)
15ZN (AZ,NM)
16PC (AK,HI,WA,OR,CA)
2016
AEO2016 2040
AEO2017 2040
AEO 2017 Electricity, Nuclear, Coal, and Renewables Working Group
October 3, 2016
ref2017.d092816a and ref2016.d032416a; excludes Two Elk and Texas Clean Energy Project
Net summer coal-fired generating capacity in the electric power
sector by coal demand region, AEO2017 vs AEO2016
23
WORKING GROUP PRESENTATION FOR DISCUSSION
PURPOSES. DO NOT QUOTE OR CITE AS RESULTS
ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE.
gigawatts
U.S. Total
2016: 233
AEO2017 2040: 177
AEO2016 2040: 172
Coal-Fired Capacity Omitted from AEO2017
24AEO 2017 Electricity, Nuclear, Coal, and Renewables Working Group
October 3, 2016
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-860 “Annual Electric Generator Report”
• While the Two Elk is reported as ‘under construction’ on the Form EIA-860, other references
suggest that the project is, minimally, delayed as the developer has recently cancelled an appeal
hearing. The hearing would have appealed the denial of its request for a permit extension.
• DOE has suspended funding for the Texas Clean Energy Project. This project in not reported on
the Form EIA-860.
http://wyomingpublicmedia.org/post/two-elk-power-plant-hearing-cancelled
https://insideclimatenews.org/news/12052016/department-energy-moniz-carbon-capture-ccs-climate-change-texas-
clean-energy-project
FACILITY CODE PLANT NAME
GENERATOR
ID STATE
PLANT
TYPE
ENERGY
SOURCE
REPORTED
START
YEAR
SUMMER
CAPABILITY
55360Two Elk Generating Station GEN1 WY PC waste coal 2020 275 MW
Texas Clean Energy Project TX IGCC WY PRB 2017 400 MW
Total Capacity 675 MW
WORKING GROUP PRESENTATION FOR DISCUSSION
PURPOSES. DO NOT QUOTE OR CITE AS RESULTS
ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE.
Contact information – Office of Electricity, Coal, Nuclear, and
Renewables Analysis
• Jim Diefenderfer, Director, [email protected]
• Thad Huetteman, Team Leader – Electricity Analysis, [email protected]
• Greg Adams, Team Leader – Coal & Uranium Analysis, [email protected]
• Chris Namovicz, Team Leader – Renewable Electricity Analysis, [email protected]
AEO 2017 Electricity, Nuclear, Coal, and Renewables Working Group
October 3, 201625
WORKING GROUP PRESENTATION FOR DISCUSSION
PURPOSES. DO NOT QUOTE OR CITE AS RESULTS
ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE.