angol üzleti -the stock exchange

8/9/2019 Angol zleti -The Stock Exchange

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The Stock ExchangeThe Stock Exchange


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Outline

Outline

yy TheThe stockstock exchangeexchange:: shares,shares, bondsbonds,,securitiessecurities

yy TheThe mainmain rolesroles ofof thethe stockstock exchangeexchangeyy BullsBulls andand bearsbears

yy TypesTypes ofof securitiessecurities

yy DifferentDifferent informationinformation aboutabout thethe performanceperformance

ofof sharessharesyy TheThe bestbest knownknown stockstock exchangesexchanges

yy TheThe HungarianHungarian StockStock ExchangeExchange

yy CommodityCommodity exchangeexchange


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AA companycompany cancan raiseraise moneymoney forfor expansionexpansionandand developmentdevelopment onon thethe stockstock marketmarket oror

stockstock exchangeexchange (which(which isis aa placeplace forforbuyingbuying andand sellingselling securities)securities) inin twotwodifferentdifferent waysways..


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11.. ItIt cancan issueissue sharesshares (US(US stocksstocks),), ororunitsunits ofof itsits capital,capital, toto institutionalinstitutional

investorsinvestors oror thethe generalgeneral publicpublic.. DifferentDifferenttypestypes ofof sharesshares oror equitiesequities areare available,available,butbut thethe mostmost commoncommon areare knownknown asasordinaryordinary oror commoncommon sharesshares (US(US

commoncommon stockstock)).. WhenWhen anan investorinvestor buysbuysaa share,share, usingusing thethe servicesservices ofof aa specialistspecialistcompanycompany oror broker,broker, hehe oror sheshe becomesbecomes aashareholdershareholder (US(US stockholderstockholder)) andand hashas

aa stakestake inin thethe companycompany..


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ShareholdersShareholders cancan makemake moneymoney

--byby receivingreceiving dividendsdividends paidpaid asas aa

proportionproportion ofof aa companyscompanys annualannual profitsprofits --whenwhen thethe priceprice ofof theirtheir sharesshares

increasesincreases

22.. AA companycompany cancan alsoalso borrowborrow moneymoneyfromfrom investorsinvestors byby issuingissuing bondsbonds.. TheseTheseareare loansloans forfor fixedfixed periodsperiods withwith fixedfixed

interestinterest ratesrates..


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SecuritiesSecurities refersrefers toto bothboth sharesshares andand bondsbonds..EachEach yearyear billionsbillions ofof sharesshares andand bondsbonds areare

boughtbought andand soldsold onon thethe worldsworlds majormajor stockstockexchangesexchanges..

TheThe priceprice ofof stocksstocks andand sharesshares variesvaries accordingaccording

toto supplysupply andand demanddemand soso thethe volumevolume andandpriceprice ofof thethe securitiessecurities onon thethe stockstock exchangeexchange areareimportantimportant indicatorsindicators ofof thethe economyeconomy..


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The main roles of the stockThe main roles of the stockexchange:exchange:

It is a place where:It is a place where:yy FundsFunds toto financefinance companiescompanies andand

governmentgovernment projectsprojects cancan bebe foundfound

yySurplusS

urplus moneymoney cancan bebe investedinvested

yy TheThe standingstanding ofof companiescompanies cancan bebeevaluatedevaluated

yy PeoplePeople cancan limitlimit theirtheir financialfinancial risksrisks

andand loselose oror gaingain moneymoney byby speculationspeculation..


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BullsBulls:: speculatorsspeculators whowho hopehope thatthat thethepriceprice ofof stocksstocks andand sharesshares willwill riserise andand

buybuy themthem inin largelarge quantitiesquantities toto sellsell themthemlaterlater.. AA marketmarket inin thisthis generalgeneral moodmood isiscalledcalled bullishbullish..

BearsBears:: speculatorsspeculators whowho sellsell securitiessecurities andandbelievebelieve thatthat thethe priceprice isis aboutabout toto fallfall.. AAmarketmarket inin thisthis moodmood isis calledcalled bearishbearish..


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TypesTypes ofof securitiessecurities andand formsforms ofofinvestmentinvestment::

aa.. OrdinaryOrdinary shares/Equitiesshares/Equities:: representrepresent ananequalequal shareshare ofof thethe capitalcapital andand anan equalequal divisiondivisionofof thethe profitprofit withwith notnot fixedfixed returnreturn.. ShareholdersShareholdershavehave somesome powerpower inin runningrunning thethe companycompany.. TheyThey

areare thethe lastlast inin thethe lineline forfor distributeddistributed profitsprofits..ThisThis isis thethe mostmost riskyrisky formform ofof investmentinvestment butbut ititcancan givegive thethe highesthighest raterate ofof returnreturn whenwhen thethecompanycompany isis successfulsuccessful..


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bb.. GovernmentGovernment stocksstocks oror bondsbonds (gilt(gilt--edgededged securities)securities) areare usedused toto raiseraise

moneymoney forfor thethe governmentgovernment projectsprojects.. SafeSafeformsforms backedbacked byby thethe governmentgovernment.. TheyTheyareare issuedissued forfor aa fixedfixed periodperiod ofof timetime andand

receivereceive aa fixedfixed raterate ofof interestinterest..


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cc.. LocalLocal authorityauthority bondsbonds:: cancan bebe boughtbought bybythethe publicpublic.. SafeSafe formsforms ofof investmentinvestment withwith aa fixedfixed

raterate ofof interestinterest.. dd.. DebenturesDebentures:: aa loanloan toto aa companycompany withwith aafixedfixed raterate ofof interestinterest.. ItIt mustmust bebe paidpaid eveneven ifif thethecompanycompany doesdoes notnot makemake aa profitprofit.. HoldersHolders havehavenono involvementinvolvement inin thethe managementmanagement ofof thethe

companycompany.. TheyThey areare redeemableredeemable atat aa fixedfixed datedateoror eveneven beforebefore..

ee..PreferencePreference sharesshares:: holdersholders havehave aa prioritypriority totocallcall onon thethe profitsprofits afterafter debenturedebenture holdersholders.. TheyThey

paypay aa fixedfixed raterate ofof dividendsdividends butbut onlyonly ifif sufficientsufficient


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BrokersBrokers areare agentsagents.. TheyThey areare thethe linklinkbetweenbetween thethe clientclient andand thethe exchangeexchange..

TheyThey actact asas financialfinancial advisersadvisers toto theirtheirclientsclients andand carrycarry outout theirtheir ordersorders.. TheyTheymustmust ensureensure thatthat theythey buybuy atat thethe mostmost

advantageousadvantageous priceprice atat thethe timetime ofof dealingdealing..TheyThey areare paidpaid onon aa commissioncommission basisbasis forfor

dealsdeals..


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IfIf youyou wantwant toto getget informationinformation aboutabout thetheperformanceperformance ofof shares,shares, youyou cancan findfind theirtheir listlist onon

thethe Internet,Internet, onon thethe pagespages ofof TeletextTeletext andand ininfinancialfinancial newspapersnewspapers.. TheThe informationinformation includesincludes::

PricePrice:: thethe priceprice ofof thethe shareshare asas itit stoodstood atat thethecloseclose ofof businessbusiness yesterdayyesterday..

ChangeChange:: showsshows howhow muchmuch thethe closingclosing priceprice ofofthethe shareshare changedchanged inin comparisoncomparison withwith thethepreviousprevious daysdays closingclosing priceprice..


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YieldYield:: showsshows howhow muchmuch shareholdersshareholders cancanexpectexpect toto receivereceive asas aa dividenddividend..

PricePrice--EarningsEarnings ratio(P/E)ratio(P/E)::thisthis figurefigurerefersrefers toto thethe relationshiprelationship betweenbetween thethecurrentcurrent marketmarket priceprice ofof aa shareshare andand thethe

profitprofit earnedearned byby thethe companycompany overover thethemostmost recentrecent yearyear..


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TheThe bestbest knownknown stockstock exchangesexchanges areareinin London,London, NewNew YorkYork andand TokyoTokyo andand thethe

mostmost widelywidely quotedquoted indicatorindicator ofof thethe USUSstockstock marketmarket isis thethe DowDow JonesJones IndustrialIndustrialAverage,Average, whichwhich consistsconsists ofof 3030 wellwellestablishedestablished sharesshares onon NewNew York York StockStock

ExchangeExchange.. TheThe FTFT (Financial(Financial Times)Times) indexindexisis thethe LondonLondon StockStock ExchangeExchange indicator,indicator,andand thethe NikkeiNikkei indexindex reflectsreflects thethe moodmood ofofthethe TokyoTokyo exchangeexchange..


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TheThe HungarianHungarian StockStock ExchangeExchange waswasestablishedestablished inin 18641864.. DuringDuring thethe economiceconomic

crisiscrisis ofof thethe earlyearly 19301930ss itit waswas closed,closed,thenthen rere--openedopened inin 19901990 asas thethe resultresult ofofthethe politicalpolitical andand economiceconomic changeschanges inin thethe

latelate80

80ss.. BUX,BUX, B

u

dapestBu

dapest StockStock IndexIndex isis itsitsofficialofficial stockstock indexindex..


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CommodityCommodity ExchangeExchange:: aa placeplace wherewhererawraw materialsmaterials andand somesome manufacturedmanufactured

goodsgoods areare boughtbought andand soldsold forfor immediateimmediateoror futurefuture delivery,delivery, ee..gg.. BalticBaltic Exchange,Exchange,LondonLondon CommodityCommodity exchangeexchange..


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RevisionRevision

TheThe SStocktock EExchangexchange:: shares,shares, bondsbonds,, securitiessecurities

yy TheThe mainmain rolesroles ofof thethe stockstock exchangeexchange

yy BullsBulls andand bearsbearsyy TypesTypes ofof securitiessecurities

yy DifferentDifferent informationinformation aboutabout thethe performanceperformance ofofshsharesares

yy TheThe bestbest knownknown stockstock exchangesexchangesyy TheThe HungarianHungarian StockStock ExchangeExchange

yy CommodityCommodity exchangeexchange

angol üzleti -the stock exchange

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