andamans: coastal area assessment - a post tsunami study on coastal conservation and regulation

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ANDAMAN ISLANDS

COASTAL AREA ASSESSMENT

A POST TSUNAMI STUDY ON COASTAL

CONSERVATION AND REGULATION

EQUATIONS

INDIA


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ANDAMAN ISLANDS

Acknowledgements

address


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

PART I - INTRODUCTION

PART 2 - IMPLEMENTATION OF LEGAL & POLICY FRAMEWORK

FOR COASTAL CONSERVATION & REGULATION IN ANDAMANS

PART 3 - OVERVIEW OF IMPACTS OF EARTHQUAKE & TSUNAMI


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PART 4 - TOURISM IN THE ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR ISLANDS

RECOMMENDATIONS

ANNEXURES

BIBLIOGRAPHY

PLATES


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Context of the study

Objectives of the study

Short-term objectives

Long-term objectives

Activities & Report

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY


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Recommendations

COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT

TOURISM


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List of abbreviations


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part 1

INTRODUCTION1.1. The Milieu

1.2. The Tsunami and itsAftermath


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Figure 1 : path of tsunami on time scale & magnitude of impact

1.3. Methods

1.3.1. Geographical Scope of the

assessment


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Thematic

Figure 2 : andaman & nicobar

islands


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Figure 3: Field assessment process

1.3.2. Limitations of the Study

1.4. Andaman & NicobarIslands


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Table 1Administrative units of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands

District Sub-Division C.D Block Tehsil

1.4.1. Andaman Islands


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1.4.3. Vulnerability & Impacts of

Unplanned Development

1.4.2. Threats to Biodiversity and

Endemism


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part 2

2.1. Coastal RegulationZone (CRZ) Notification,1991 The Potential toProtect Coastal Habitatsand Coastal Communities

IMPLEMENTATION OF LEGAL & POLICY FRAMEWORK FORCOASTAL CONSERVATION & REGULATION IN ANDAMANS


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2.2. CRZ Notification,1991 salient features

2.3. Classification of CRZin the Andaman Islands

2.4. Implementing agencies


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2.5. Dilutions to the provisions of the notification

A CHRONOLOGY of AMENDMENTS & EVENTS RELATED TO THE CRZ NOTIFICATION IN THE

CONTEXT OF ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS

Date of amendment/order/

event & legal clauses

Details / comments / features


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2.6. Analysis ofamendments made to theCRZ Notification

2.6.1. Reduction in the No-Development Zone for promotion oftourism


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2.6.3. No firm check on sand mining

2.6.2. Categorisation of CRZ II

areas


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2.7. Issues Relatingto the Lack ofImplementation of theCRZ Notification and theCoastal Zone ManagementPlan (CZMP)

2.7.1. Present status of CZMP and

the initiation of ICZMP


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Box 1 ReconstructionGuidelines

2.7.3. CRZ violations:

Construction and activities within

the No Development Zone

2.7.2. Linkages / conflicts between

the CRZ and local development

regulations


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2.8 Facilitating Effective

Coastal Management


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part 3

OVERVIEW OF IMPACTS OF EARTHQUAKE & TSUNAMI

Table 2

Damage D a m a g eActuals

3.1 Impacts on the AndamanIslands

3.1.1 Geomorphological changes

Figure 2: Sumatra Andaman

Islands earthquake of 26

December (from McCloskey et al

2005).


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Box 2Field Observations at South and North Andaman

3.1.2 Impacts on the Coastal

Regulation Zone

3.1.3 Impacts on coral reefs

3.1.4 Impacts on mangroves

Box 3Field Observations atRoss and Smith Island

3.1.5 Impacts on agricultural

lands


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3.1.7 Impacts on fisheries

3.1.8 Impacts on structures

3.2. CRZ implementationin the context of thetsunami

3.1.6 Salination of ground water

and other freshwater resources


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3.3 Issues concerningreconstruction andrehabilitation activitiesand their impacts

3.3.1 Construction of dykes

along the coast for agricultural

restoration

Box 4Field Observations atSouth Andaman

3.3.2 Rehabilitation of mangrove

forests


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3.3.4 Increase in water and

chemical usage for reclamation of

agricultural land

3.3.5 Changes in land use

3.3.3 Bio-shield programme


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3.3.6 Environmental sanitation in

intermediate shelters

3.4 New constructions and

reconstructions in CRZ I


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3.5 Supreme Court orderpost-tsunami permittingsand mining


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part 4

TOURISM IN THE ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR ISLANDS4.1 Natural Disasters andTourism in Small IslandDeveloping Economies


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year DomesticTourists

InternationalTourists

Total

Table 3

Tourist arrivals statistics in the

Andaman and Nicobar Islands

since 1980


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4.2 Tourism Policy of theIslands

4.3 Tourism Policy in theAndamans and the Tsunami


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4.4 Tourism Policy in theAndamans: A DesperateNeed for Change in theLight of the TsunamiExperience


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4.6 Development Strategyfor EnvironmentallySustainable Tourism in theAndamans (1997)


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4.7 In Addition to MasterPlans


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4.8 The Twinning of CitiesAgreement Fraught withControversies


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4.9 Current tourismrelated problems inAndamans


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4.10 Future Trends inTourism Development inthe Islands


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4.11 Local TourismEntrepreneurship in theIslands: The case ofHavelock Island


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RECOMMENDATIONSCOASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT


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TOURISM


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ANNEXURE 1

Andaman & Nicobar Islands


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1.1 Geology, Topographyand Hydrology

1.2 Climate and Soil

1.3 Landuse Pattern


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Table 4

Land use patterns in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands

Land Use Andaman NicobarAndamanand Nicobar(combined)

1.4 Ecosystems Typology,Status and Threats

1.4.a. Inland forest ecosystem


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1.4.b. Mangrove ecosystem

1.4.c. Coastal ecosystem

1.4.d. Marine and coral reef

ecosystem


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1.4.E. Marine and coral reefecosystem

1.4.f. Agricultural ecosystems

1.5 Biodiversity andEndemism7


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1.6 Flora of the Andamanand Nicobar Islands

1.7 Fauna of the Andamanand Nicobar Islands

1.8 Threats toBiodiversity and Endemism

1.9 National Parks andWildlife Sanctuarie9


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Table 5

The distribution of National Parks in the Andaman and Nicobar islands

S.

No.

Name of National

Park

District/Division Area (km2) check these

areas

1.10 The Great NicobarBiosphere Reserve10


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ANNEXURE 2

TOURISM VISIONANDAMAN AND NICOBARADMINISTRATION

Background

The objectives

VISION STATEMENT

Vision targets

Tourism Policy

Action Plan

Priorities for 2003-2007


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ANNEXURE 3

BACKGROUND NOTEON DEVELOPMENTALACTIVITIES IN THEANDAMAN AND NICOBARISLANDS1

1. Tourism: A Vision forthe Andaman and NicobarIslands

Table 6

Outlay and expenditure for tourism during 9th Five Year plan

Period Outlay (in lakhsof rupees)

Expenditure (inlakhs of rupees)

% Achievement


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2. Scrutiny of the 9thFive Year Plan Schemes

2.1 Objectives of the 10th Five

Year Plan

Table 7

Outlay and expenditure for tourism during the 10th Five Year plan

Period Outlay (in lakhsof rupees)

Expenditure (inlakhs of rupees)

% Achievement


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2.2 Schemes Under the Five Year

Plans


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2.3 Sub-sector: Information and

Publicity

Table 8

Outlay and expenditure for publicity during the 9th Five Year plan

Period Outlay (in lakhs

of rupees)

Expenditure (in

lakhs of rupees)

% Achievement

Table 9

Outlay and expenditure for publicity during the 10th Five Year plan

Period Outlay (in lakhs

of rupees)

Expenditure (in

lakhs of rupees)

% Achievement


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3. Impact of the Tsunami

Table 10

Financial estimates of loss of tourism properties and infrastructure as

a result of the earthquake and tsunami of 26th December 2004 in the

Andaman and Nicobar Islands

Sl.

No.

Name of Islands/ Assets Approximate

Cost (in lakhs of

rupees)


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Table 11

Tourist inflow into the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the past five

years and in the months following the tsunami

Year Domestic tourists Foreign tourists Total

Year Domestic tourists Foreign tourists Total

comparision of pre and Post Tsunami tourist traffic

4 Strategy for TourismDevelopment Post-Tsunami

4.1 Short-term objectives


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4.2 Medium-term objectives


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4.2.2 Issues related to connecting

Port Blair by sea

4.2.3 Tourist accommodation and

infrastructure

4.2.4 Important tourist attractions

4.2.5 Other Matters


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A comparison of twoSustainable TourismDevelopment Plans forAndaman & NicobarIslands

ANNEXURE 4

SLNo. Parameters ofSustainable

Plans

Sustainable TourismDevelopment Plans for

Andaman and Nicobar

Islands ( UNDP, WTO)

Perspective Plan forTourism in Andaman

and Nicobar Islands (

A.F. Ferguson and Co)


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BIBLIOGRAPHY


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Website References


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plates

Plate 1

Plate 2

Plate 3


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Plate 4

Plate 5

Plate 6


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Plate 7

Plate 8

Plate 9


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Plate 10

Plate 11

Plate 12


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Plate 13

Plate 14

Plate 15


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Plate 16

Plate 17

Plate 18


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andamans: coastal area assessment - a post tsunami study on coastal conservation and regulation

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