ancient nubia
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Ancient Nubia. Which Nile culture developed first?. Egypt. Nubia. Nubia. However, Egypt developed more quickly!. Nubia. Located in present day Sudan; south of Egypt Called Kingdom of Kush. Nubia. Nubia was more fertile in ancient times Silt from flooding (Nile) - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Ancient Nubia
Which Nile culture
developed first?Egypt Nubia
NubiaHowever, Egypt
developed more quickly!
NubiaLocated in present day Sudan; south of EgyptCalled Kingdom of Kush
NubiaNubia was more fertile in ancient timesSilt from flooding (Nile)Rich in minerals – gold, copper, stone
Nubian Civilization Similar to Egypt
Farming developed about 3500 B.C.Some farmers grew wealthy; became leaders
Nubian Civilization 2000 B.C. – leader
united the region & became kingKingdom – Kush1st capital – Kerma (south of 3rd cataract) – natural barrier
Kushite societyBegan evolvingInfluenced by people in the south and Egypt in the North
Nubia’s WealthNubian kings gained wealth from tradeNubians raised cattle and hunted for food because they lived in a rocky region
Conflict ArisesPeaceful at timesEgypt / Nubia border shifted many timesWas influenced by Egypt because of close contact, but did develop its own culture Kush grew wealthy and strongEgyptians feared the growth of Kush
During Egypt’s Old Kingdom,
pharaohs often controlled Lower
Nubia
Egypt VS NubiaEgypt sought to control the mines and trade in NubiaIn times of strong governments (pharaohs) in Egypt, Egypt pushed into Nubia; weak governments were driven out of Nubia
Egypt VS NubiaEgypt’s New Kingdom1500 B.C. - Thutmose I sent army to conquer KushConquered Nubia north of 5th cataractDestroyed KermaNubians enslavedForced to make payments of goldBuilt Egyptian temples
Egyptian ControlControlled Kush
450 yearsEgyptians settled in KushEgyptian language Egyptian names, clothing, religious practices
King’s Sons of Kush
Pharaoh’s officialsKept watch over local rulersSent sons of rulers to Egypt as hostages
Egypt eventually retreated
because of problems at
home!
Egypt’s New Kingdom Ends
Mid 1000sEgypt’s pharaoh lost powerKushite leaders regained control of KushKush became independent once againNo history of Kush for next 200 years
Kush Regains Power850 B.C.
Kushites build new capital in Napata (south of Kerma)
Kush Invades Egypt700s B.C.
King Kashta attacked Egypt751 B.C. – conquered Lower Egypt
Kushite RulePiankhi (son of Kashta) – 751-716 B.C.Continued to attack EgyptBelieved gods wanted him to rule Egypt – fueled passion for warControlled from Delta to Kushite capital
Egypt under Nubian rule
Nubians allowed Egyptians to keep their own cultureNubians helped to restore forgotten or lost parts of their culture
ShabakaBrother of PiankhiDeclared himself PharaohBegan 25th Dynasty Believed they were heirs of great Egyptian pharaoh’s of the past
ShabakaRestored Egyptian culture and infrastructureTried to restore old traditions and cultural practicesWorked to restore Egyptian writingRestored temples
End of Nubian RuleNubians only ruled Egypt
40-60 years670s B.C. – Assyrians invaded Egypt in 10 years Kushites had been back into Nubia
Kushite SuccessBecame farmers and
tradersProsperous and powerful
Kushite Iron IndustryMeroe – new capital and industrial centerLocation on Nile aided growthLarge deposits of ….
-gold-forests – ebony & other wood-iron ore
Kushite TradeTrade network – system of people in different lands who trade goodsKush to Egyptians; Egyptians to Greeks; then to entire Mediterranean region and Red Sea ports
Kush Exports and ImportsExports – items sent to other
places – gold, pottery, iron tools and weapons, slaves, ivoryImports – goods brought in from other countries – fine jewelry and luxury items
Cultural DiffusionTrade led to combined cultures of Kushites and othersMost obvious – Egypt – borrowed many aspects of Egyptian culture
Unique Kushite CultureHouses
Daily lifeWorshipped some of own godsOwn written language – Meroitic (we still can’t decode)Different view on women
Kushite WomenExpected to be activeSome rose to positions of powerCo-rulersQueensQueen Shankhdakheto – 1st woman to rule Kush (170 B.C. – 150 B.C.)
Decline of KushProblems within the kingdom weakened the economyOvergrazed the land (cattle); led to soil blown away by wind; less farmingCut down too many trees to fuel furnaces; furnaces shut down; fewer weapons and tools to trade
Decline of KushWeakened by loss of tradeForeigners set up new trade routes that bypassed KushAksum
AksumLocated on Red SeaPresent day Ethiopia and EritreaGrew wealthy quickly (200 years)A.D. 350 Emperor Ezana took advantage of Kush’s loss of wealth and military power – destroyed Kushite capital (Meroe)
AksumLate A. D. 300s Aksum became Christian200 years later converted NubiansInfluence of Kush disappeared
Egypt and Nubia had lost
their power and NEVER regained
full strength!