Ancient Egypt & Kush (Nubia)

Archaic Period

•Menes (Narmer)– united upper and lower Egypt

capital was Memphis

– Egypt’s first Pharaoh• “Great House”

– started Egypt’s first Dynasty

The Old Kingdom2686 – 2181 BC

Pyramid Builders

• Imhotep– master architect

•Djoser– Step Pyramid

•Snefru– Red Pyramid (true pyramid)

•Khufu (Cheops)– Great Pyramid of Giza

Pyramid Builders

•Pyramids– tombs; Old Kingdom

•Engineering– the application of scientific

knowledge for practical purposes … uh … what?

– ex. using a 43.5° angle for the pyramids to avoid collapse

Mummification

•Afterlife– life after death;

focus of Egyptian Religion

•Mummies– help the “ka” find it’s body

•Ka– life spirit

Mummification

•“Pyramid Texts”– describe the journey of a dead pharaoh into

the afterlife“Re gives you his arm on the stairway to the sky.”

•Sarcophagus– bone box; decorated coffin

•Canopic Jars– held internal organs of mummy

Gods and Goddesses

•Re (Rah or Amen-Re)– sun god

•Anubis– god of the dead and

mummification; jackal headed

Gods and Goddesses

•Osiris– god of the underworld

• Isis– goddess of magic

•Horus– sky god; god of the pharaohs

First Intermediate Period

•Political Chaos Two Capitals– Northern Egypt ruled at Memphis– Southern Egypt ruled at Thebes

The Middle Kingdom1991 – 1786 BC

Middle Kingdom

•Mentuhotep II– reunited Egypt

to begin the Middle Kingdom

•“Renaissance”– “rebirth” of Egypt– classical period of art and literature– Egypt conquers Kush and gains wealth

Second Intermediate Period

•Hyksos– invaders from Southwest Asia– chariots and high-powered bows

•Ahmose– defeated the

Hyksos– started the

New Kingdom

The New Kingdom1567 – 1085 BC

New Kingdom•Queen Hatshepsut

– mother of Thutmose III

– ran things; expaned trade

– wore a beard !!!

Thutmose III (Tutmosis)– killed his mom ???

– great conqueror

– expanded Egypt throughout Nubia and Middle East

New Kingdom

•Akhenaton (Amenhotep IV)– monotheism; worshipped Aton “the

sun disc”

•Tutankhamen (Tutankhaton)– restored old religion– buried in the Valley of the Kings – tomb found in 1922 by Howard Carter

New Kingdom

•Ramses the Great– ruled for 67 years, 100 children– great builder of temples– defeated the Sea People

New Kingdom

•Moses– during the time of Ramses ???

•Sea People– Ramses defeats them,

but bankrupted Egyptto do it