An Outline for future Pearl River Delta – Hong Kong Air Quality Monitoring Research Projects

CS Kiang

College of Environmental Sciences

Peking University

PRD Air Quality Problems

The Pearl River Delta River Economic Zone and Hong Kong are suffering from deteriorating air quality: fine particulate matters and ozone are the major culprits

PRD Air Quality Problems

Highlights of some proposed projects are: aircraft measurement, mobile van laboratory, modeling, atmospheric chemistry, mobile sources from auto emissions

These projects aim to compliment on-going programs in PRD and HK

Ultimate goals: sustainable growth and cleaner environment for PRD and HK

Aircraft Measurements

Key Partner: James Meagher from the Aeronomy Laboratory of NOAA

Key Mission:

Developing a capability in China to use instrumented aircraft for air quality studies

Application of instrumented aircraft for measurement intensive PRD study

NOAA WP-3D Research AircraftNOAA WP-3D Research Aircraft

NOAA WP-3DGas-phase Measurements

NOAA WP-3DAerosol & Radiation Measurements

NOAA Research Vessel Ronald H. BrownNOAA Research Vessel Ronald H. Brown

Parameter MethodPhotolysis Rates (jNO2; jO(1)D; jNO3) Filter photometryOzone UV AbsorbanceOzone NO ChemiluminescenceCarbon Monoxide UV FluorescenceCarbon Dioxide Nondispersive IRSulfur Dioxide UV FluorescenceNitric Oxide ChemiluminescenceNitrogen Dioxide Photolysis CellTotal Nitrogen Oxides Au Tube ReductionPANs GC/ECDAlkyl Nitrates GC/MSNitric acid Mist chamber/ICNO3/N2O5 Cavity ring-down spectrometryContinuous Speciation of VOCs PTR-MS/CIMSVOC Speciation GC/MSRadon Rn gas decaySeawater/atmospheric pCO2 Non-dispersive IRSeawater DMS S ChemiluminescenceIonic Aerosol Composition PILSAerosol Size and Composition Aerosol Mass SpectrometerAerosol OC/EC On-line thermal/opticalIonic aerosol composition, 2 stage (sub/supermicron) & 7 stage at 55% RH

Impactor (IC, XRF, and thermal-optical OC/EC,total gravimetric weight)

Wet-deposition chemistry IC; XRF; OC/ECTotal and sub-micron aerosol scattering andbackscattering (450, 550, 700 nm) at 55% RH

TSI Model 3563 Nephelometer

Total and sub-micron aerosol absorption (450,550, 750 nm) dry

Radiance Research PSAP

NOAA R/V Ronald H. BrownMeasurements

Parameter MethodSub-micron aerosol extinction Extinction cellSub-micron aerosol extinction Cavity ring-down spectrometryAerosol number CNC (TSI 3010, 3025)Aerosol size distribution DMA, OPC, and APSAerosol size hygroscopic growth Tandem DMAsTotal and sub-micron aerosol light scatteringhygroscopic growth

Twin TSI 3563 nephelometers (Rood??)

Irradiance Portable radiation packageRadiative fluxes Spectral radiometers (Pilewski??)Vertical ozone profiles OzonesondesAerosol optical depth Continuous sunphotometer (Russell??)Aerosol optical depth MicrotopsOzone & Aerosol backscatter Lidar (OPAL)Lidar ratio 180 degree backscatter nephelometerWind/temperature profiles 915 MHz wind profilerTemperatue/relative humidity profiles RadiosondesLiquid water path Microwave radiometerCloud drop size distribution K-band radarTurbulent fluxes/energy balance Bow-mounted eddy covariance packageHigh-resolution turbulence Doppler mini-sodarWind profiles/microturbulence C-band radarBL wind/aerosol profiles Dopler lidar (Mini-MOPA)

NOAA R/V Ronald H. BrownMeasurements

Mobile Van Laboratory

Key Partner: Charles Kolb, Aerodyne Research , Inc.

Key FeaturesParticipating in a long-term PRD regional air quality study

Mobile Lab Capabilities•Fast response instrumentation•Fine particulate measurement•Fast response SF6 sensor from WSU to allow tracer flux ratio measurements for point or area emission measurements

Atmospheric Chemistry

Key Partners:

Paul Crutzen

Mario Molina and Luisa Molina

…will be helping out on the atmospheric chemistry

Modeling for PRD Air Quality

Key Partners:

Ted Russell – reverse modeling – vital for emission inventories verification and regional air quality forecasting

David Streets – STEMP model – regional air quality modeling and forecasting

Mobile Sources

Key Partners:

Arnold Howitt, Harvard University

Carlos Wing-hung Lo, Hong Kong Polytechnic University

Controlling Motor Vehicle Pollution in Southern China: Institutional and Policy Issues

Other issues/projects

• How to involve local research institutions and governments in PRD and HK

Planning/funding issues• Other important projects:

Ground base ozone monitoring and forecastingVOC and NOx measurementIntensive particulate measurement and speciationPersistent toxic substance monitoringHealth study and dataLIDAR and aerosol optical depth measurementMajor sources characterization, e.g., power plantsEmission inventories updating and verificationData exchange and sharing

Thank youThank you

Monitoring Stations in PM2.5 (filter and continuous) and gaseous species

Measurements Dynamic Emission Inventory –

Observation Establish PRD regional budget in

space and time Intensive Measurements Measurements in Mobile platform Aircraft measurements Air Quality Forecast

Develop Regional Monitoring Network and Regional Standard ModelDevelop Regional Data management SystemDevelop Regional Emission Inventory in Time and SpaceDevelop Validation/accountability systemEstablish Regional “Critical Loading”Develop “off-set” technology***Establish Guangdong-HK-Macau Regional Air Resource Board

Thank youThank you