an introduction to information systems
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An Introduction to Information Systems. Chapter 1. Principles and Learning Objectives. The value of information is directly linked to how it helps decision makers achieve the organization’s goals. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 1
An Introduction to Information Systems
Chapter 1
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Principles and Learning Objectives
• The value of information is directly linked to how it helps decision makers achieve the organization’s goals.
– Distinguish data from information and describe the characteristics used to evaluate the quality of data.
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Principles and Learning Objectives
• Models, computers, and information systems are constantly making it possible for organizations to improve the way they conduct business.
– Name the components of an information system and describe several system characteristics.
– Identify four basic types of models and explain how they are used.
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Principles and Learning Objectives
• Knowing the potential impact of information systems and having the ability to put this knowledge to work can result in a successful personal career, organizations that reach their goals, and a society with a higher quality of life.
– Identify the basic types of business information systems and discuss who uses them, how they are used, and what kinds of benefits they deliver.
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Principles and Learning Objectives
• System users, business managers, and information systems professionals must work together to build a successful information system.
– Identify the major steps of the systems development process and state the goal of each.
– Discuss why it is important to study and understand information systems.
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Information Concepts
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Information System
A set of interrelated components that collect, manipulate, and disseminate data and information, and provide feedback to meet an objective
• Examples: ATMs, airline reservation systems, course reservation systems
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Data vs. Information
• Data: raw facts
• Information: collection of facts organized in such a way that they have value beyond the facts themselves
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Types of Data
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Data vs. Information
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The Characteristics of Valuable Information
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The Characteristics of Valuable Information
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The Characteristics of Valuable Information
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System and Modeling Concepts
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System
A set of elements or components that interact to accomplish goals
• Input • Processing mechanism• Feedback• Output• System boundary
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Components of a System
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System and Modeling Concepts
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System Performance and Standards
• Efficiency: output/input• Effectiveness: extent to which system attains its
goals• Performance standard: specific objective of a
system
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System Variables and Parameters
• System variable - item controlled by decision-maker
• System parameter - value that cannot be controlled
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Systems Classification
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System Performance and Standards
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Modeling a System
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Modeling a System
• A model is an abstraction that is used to represent reality– 4 major types of models
• A narrative model is based on words– Logical, not physical
• A physical model is tangible• A schematic model is a graphic representation
– Graphs and charts• A mathematical model is an arithmetic
representation
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What Is An Information System?
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Components of an Information System
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Computer-Based Information Systems (CBIS)
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Components of a CBIS
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Telecommunications, Networks, and the Internet
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Telecommunications, Networks, and the Internet
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Business Information Systems
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Business Information Systems
• Electronic Commerce• Transaction Processing Systems• Management Information Systems• Decision Support Systems
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E-Commerce
• Business-to-business• Business-to-consumer• Business-to-government• Government-to-consumer
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Electronic Commerce
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Transaction Processing Systems
A transaction processing system (TPS) is an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices used to record completed business transactions.
• Process business exchanges• Maintain records about the exchanges• Handle routine, yet critical, tasks• Perform simple calculations
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Payroll Transaction ProcessingSystem
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Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
• Integrated programs that can manage a company’s entire set of business operations
• Often coordinate planning, inventory control, production, and ordering
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Management Information Systems (MIS)
• Routine information for routine decisions• Operational efficiency• Use transaction data as main input• Databases integrate MIS in different functional
areas
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Management Information Systems (MIS)
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MIS Outputs
• Scheduled reports• Demand reports• Exception reports
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Decision Support Systems (DSS)
• DSS- A decision support system is an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices used to support problem-specific decision making.
– Interactive support for non-routine decisions or problems
– End-users are more involved in creating a DSS than an MIS
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Essential DSS Elements
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Special-Purpose Business Information Systems
• Artificial Intelligence (AI) Systems• Virtual Reality Systems • Expert Systems• Other Special-Purpose Business Information
Systems
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The Major Elements of Artificial Intelligence
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Virtual Reality
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Data Glove
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Systems Development
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Why Learn About Information Systems?
• Advance in your career• Solve problems• Realize opportunities• Meet your career goals
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Computer and Information System Literacy
• Computer literacy - knowledge of computer systems and equipment
• Information system literacy - knowledge of how data and information are used
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Information Systems in Functional Areas of Business
• Finance and Accounting• Sales and Marketing• Manufacturing
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Information Systems in Industry
• Investment firms• Banks• Publishing companies• Healthcare organizations• Management consulting firms
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Summary
• Data - raw facts• Information - data transformed into a
meaningful form • System - set of elements that interact to
accomplish a goal • Systems development - creating or modifying
existing business systems