an assessment of the feasibility and effectiveness of a method of performing cardiopulmonary...
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![Page 1: An assessment of the feasibility and effectiveness of a method of performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation during microgravity. Simon N Evetts, Lisa M](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062621/551bec9f550346af588b646a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
An assessment of the feasibility and effectiveness of a method of performing cardiopulmonary
resuscitation during microgravity.
Simon N Evetts, Lisa M Evetts, T Russomano,
J Castro and J Ernsting CB OBE.Microgravity Laboratory, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Human Physiology and Aerospace Medicine Group, King’s College London.
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Background
CPR in microgravity. Current procedures
– Restrained.– Unrestrained.
Need for effective unaided, single person CPR in space.
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Recent and current CPR guidelines
European Resuscitation Council 1998:– Mouth-to-mouth ventilation requiring tidal volumes of
400 – 500 ml.
– Chest compression depth of 40 – 50 mm.
– Chest compression rate of ~ 100 compressions.min-1.
European Resuscitation Council 2001:– Tidal volumes of 700 – 1000 ml.
– Chest compression depth of 40 – 50 mm.
– Chest compression rate in excess of 100 min-1.
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Evetts, Russomano, Castro CPR Method.
Human subject in microgravity (position only).
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ERC Method.
Human subject in microgravity (position only).
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ERC Method.
Manikin use in microgravity (position and CPR).
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Study Method
Subjects/investigators. Laerdal CPR Manikin adaptation. Pre & post flight procedures. In flight procedures. Measurements.
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Results
Measure +1GZ MicrogravityChest Compressions Depth (mm) 43.6 ± 0.59 41.3 ± 1.03 Range (min-max, mm) 40.4 – 47.1 27.6 – 51.2 Rate (compressions.min-1) 97.1 ± 3.0 80.2 ± 3.4 Percent correct (depth) 90% 60% n 225 672Volume Volume (ml) 507.6 ± 11.5 491 ± 50.4 Range (min-max, ml) 423 – 570 284 - 891 Percent correct 87% 69% n 30 32
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Results
Measure +1GZ MicrogravityChest Compressions Depth (mm) 43.6 ± 0.59 41.3 ± 1.03 Range (min-max, mm) 40.4 – 47.1 27.6 – 51.2 Rate (compressions.min-1) 97.1 ± 3.0 80.2 ± 3.4 Percent correct (depth) 90% 60% n 225 672Volume Volume (ml) 507.6 ± 11.5 491 ± 50.4 Range (min-max, ml) 423 – 570 284 - 891 Percent correct 87% 69% n 30 32
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Results
Measure +1GZ MicrogravityChest Compressions Depth (mm) 43.6 ± 0.59 41.3 ± 1.03 Range (min-max, mm) 40.4 – 47.1 27.6 – 51.2 Rate (compressions.min-1) 97.1 ± 3.0 * 80.2 ± 3.4 * Percent correct (depth) 90% 60% n 225 672Volume Volume (ml) 507.6 ± 11.5 491 ± 50.4 Range (min-max, ml) 423 – 570 284 - 891 Percent correct 87% 69% n 30 32
* P < 0.05
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Results
Measure +1GZ MicrogravityChest Compressions Depth (mm) 43.6 ± 0.59 41.3 ± 1.03 Range (min-max, mm) 40.4 – 47.1 27.6 – 51.2 Rate (compressions.min-1) 97.1 ± 3.0 * 80.2 ± 3.4 * Percent correct (depth) 90% 60% n 225 672Volume Volume (ml) 507.6 ± 11.5 491 ± 50.4 Range (min-max, ml) 423 – 570 284 - 891 Percent correct 87% 69% n 30 32
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Discussion
Reasons for insufficient rate of chest compression and greater variation of measures in microgravity.– Novelty of environment.– Variable acceleration forces.– Shortness of microgravity exposure.– Degree of manikin reliability.
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ERC compared to other methods of performing CPR in microgravity.
Current unpublished findings. Further research required:
– Effects of training and expertise.– Effects of strength.– Effects of anthropometric indices.
Discussion
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Effectiveness of the ERC method for all populations will need to be ascertained before it can be considered a viable method.
CPR of this nature is more difficult than at +1GZ and will therefore require appropriate pre-mission training.
Preliminary results indicate that the ERC method of unaided, single person CPR in microgravity is likely to be viable for use in space.
Conclusion