why does gis matter
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Why Does GIS Matter?
Nov 19, 2013
Geography Awareness Week 2013
Song Gao UCSB Geography
Email: sgao@geog.ucsb.edu
http://www.geog.ucsb.edu/~sgao/
GIS in Daily Life
Wayfinding, Navigation, Location-based Search and Decision Making
• What is GIS? • GIS Applications • How has it been used in science • Trends
Content
Nov 19, 2013, Song Gao
What is GIS?
A geographic information system (GIS) integrates hardware, software, and data for capturing, managing, analyzing, and displaying all forms of geographically referenced information. GIS allows us to view, understand, question, interpret, and visualize data in many ways that reveal spatial relationships, patterns, and trends in the form of digital maps, globes, reports, and charts.
Nov 19, 2013, Song Gao
Three Views of GIS
GIS
Database
Visualization Analysis
(1) GIS as GeoDatabase
• Geodatabase: a spatial database containing data that associate with geographic information.
http://www.census.gov/geo/maps-data/data/tiger.html
Attributes + Geometry
• Geovisualization: a set of intelligent maps and other views that shows features and feature relationships on the earth's surface.
(2) GIS as GeoVisualization
Mapping Every McDonald's in the U.S.
Starbucks vs. Dunkin Donuts
http://www.boston.com/yourtown/specials/starbucks_vs_dunkin_donuts/
• Geoprocessing: a set of tools take geographic information from existing data, apply spatial analysis functions to identify patterns or discovery knowledge.
(3) GIS as Spatial Analysis
P.A. Longley, M.F. Goodchild, D.J. Maguire, and D.W. Rhind (2011) Geographical Information Systems and Science. Third Edition. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Find the “Hot Spot” Regions
• What is GIS? • GIS Applications • How has it been used in science • Trends
Content
Nov 19, 2013, Song Gao
What things
do you think
are related to GIS?
The Canada Geographic Information System
• Roger Tomlinson – IBM contracts 1964-68
• 7 layers of land characteristics – soil capability for agriculture – recreation capability – current land use – ….
• To assess the current use of Canadian land – to measure area, plan new uses
Esri UC 2011
Natural Resources Management
Esri UC 2011
Esri UC 2011
Delivery Route Planning
Esri UC 2011
Geospatial data and tools have the potential to contribute to the saving of lives, the
limitation of damage, and reduction in the costs to society of dealing with emergencies
Typhoon Haiyan/Yolanda GIS
Typhoon Haiyan/Yolanda GIS
Hurricane Sandy Tweetbeat
SGI http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g3AqdIDYG0c
Google Earth
Discrete global grid based on the Icosahedron (20 triangles, 1:4 recursive subdivision)
Ross Heikes and David Randall, Colorado State University
Question: How to divide the globe into different levels of details?
• What is GIS? • GIS Applications • How has it been used in science • Trends
Content
Nov 19, 2013, Song Gao
Source: Gilbert E. W. 1958 ‘Pioneer maps of health and disease in England.’ Geographical Journal, 124: 172–183
Terrain Viewshed Analysis • A viewshed is an environmental area that is visible
to the human eye from a fixed point.
Terrain Viewshed Analysis
Noise Assessment
http://gis.stackexchange.com/questions/54696/how-to-create-noise-maps-open-source-or-scripted-in-arcgis
Spatially Integrated Social Science
Environment
Human Study
Social Science
http://www.csiss.org/
History and Archaeology
Digitizing features for excavations
Overlap Layers
GIS to identify social divide
Information Age
• Location Awareness Devices（Mobile Phone、GPS)
• Large scale spatio-temporal datasets
Phone call patterns in different places
AM 03-04 AM 06-07 AM 09-10
PM 15-16 PM 18-19 PM 21-22
Phone call patterns in different places
By Song Gao http://www.spatial.ucsb.edu/events/local13/posters.php
Mobile Landscape: People in MIT SENSEable City Lab have developed a continuously changing real-time maps of cell phone usage in Graz, Austria.
http://senseable.mit.edu/grazrealtime/
• What is GIS? • GIS Applications • How it has been used in science • Trends
Content
Nov 19, 2013, Song Gao
Online GIS
Access GIS techniques without installing any software on your computers.
Cloud GIS/ Mobile GIS
3D-GIS
Space-Time GIS
The GPS tracks of individuals in
spatio-temporal space
Regular
Irregular
by Song Gao
Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI)
• Citizens as sensors: the world of volunteered geography – by Professor Michael F. Goodchild
www.wikimapia.org
www.openstreetmap.org
OpenStreetMap Edits in US
Created by ITO World
Mapping Social Media
by Paul Butler https://www.facebook.com/notes/facebook-engineering/visualizing-friendships/469716398919
Crandall et al. 2009. Mapping the world’s photos. http://www.cs.cornell.edu/~crandall/papers/mapping09www.pdf
Dots Yellow: Photos Blue: Tweets White: Both
http://www.flickr.com/photos/walkingsf/sets/72157627140310742/
by Erik Fischer
Tracks inferred from Flickr postings (http://www.cs.cornell.edu/~crandall/papers/mapping09www.pdf)
See also http://www.flickr.com/photos/walkingsf/sets/72157624209158632/
Spatial is special, To know the unknown!
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