what happens to the food that we eat?. it breaks down into…. carbohydrates proteins fats nucleic...

What happens to the food that we eat?

IT BREAKS DOWN INTO….Carbohydrates

Proteins

Fats

NUCLEIC ACIDS!

How does this happen?

• The changes that food molecules undergo are called reactions

• Reactions happen all the time in our body

• For a reaction to occur there has to be a certain amount of energy

Lactose Intolerance

• What does it mean to be lactose intolerant?

Lactose Intolerance

• What does it mean to be lactose intolerant?

– Being lactose intolerant means you are missing a protein that helps you digest the lactose sugar

– Since your body cannot break down the sugar, then you can get sick

Enzymes

• Enzymes are proteins that help molecules react with one another

– Ex: Lactase is the enzyme that breaks down lactose

Demo Time!!!

• I put yeast (the stuff you use to make bread) and hydrogen peroxide in this graduated cylinder

• Yeast contains an enzyme catalase that helps break down hydrogen peroxide into two different molecules- water and oxygen!

• What are we seeing????

Enzymes

• Enzymes are catalysts that speed up chemical reactions

• This works by lowering the amount of energy needed for a reaction to occur

• The amount of energy needed for a reaction to occur is called the activation energy

Enzymes – super special proteins

Enzymes speed up chemical reactions. They are also called catalysts.

Almost every reaction in your body is controlled by an enzyme!

Enzymes

• Each enzyme has an active site where a molecule can bind

• The molecule that binds to the enzyme is called the substrate

Enzyme specificity• Enzymes are specific to a particular reaction

• Each enzyme binds to one particular substrate

How does the environment affect enzymes?

• Extremely high temperatures or acidic environments can damage enzymes

What happens when an enzyme is denatured?

What does this mean?

• It means that each enzyme operates best at a certain temperature and pH

AMYLASE: breaks down starch in your mouth and stomach

LIPASE: breaks down fats

PEPSIN: breaks down proteins