what happens to the food that we eat?. it breaks down into…. carbohydrates proteins fats nucleic...

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What happens to the food that we eat?

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Page 1: What happens to the food that we eat?. IT BREAKS DOWN INTO…. Carbohydrates Proteins Fats NUCLEIC ACIDS!

What happens to the food that we eat?

Page 2: What happens to the food that we eat?. IT BREAKS DOWN INTO…. Carbohydrates Proteins Fats NUCLEIC ACIDS!

IT BREAKS DOWN INTO….Carbohydrates

Proteins

Fats

NUCLEIC ACIDS!

Page 3: What happens to the food that we eat?. IT BREAKS DOWN INTO…. Carbohydrates Proteins Fats NUCLEIC ACIDS!

How does this happen?

• The changes that food molecules undergo are called reactions

• Reactions happen all the time in our body

• For a reaction to occur there has to be a certain amount of energy

Page 4: What happens to the food that we eat?. IT BREAKS DOWN INTO…. Carbohydrates Proteins Fats NUCLEIC ACIDS!

Lactose Intolerance

• What does it mean to be lactose intolerant?

Page 5: What happens to the food that we eat?. IT BREAKS DOWN INTO…. Carbohydrates Proteins Fats NUCLEIC ACIDS!

Lactose Intolerance

• What does it mean to be lactose intolerant?

– Being lactose intolerant means you are missing a protein that helps you digest the lactose sugar

– Since your body cannot break down the sugar, then you can get sick

Page 6: What happens to the food that we eat?. IT BREAKS DOWN INTO…. Carbohydrates Proteins Fats NUCLEIC ACIDS!

Enzymes

• Enzymes are proteins that help molecules react with one another

– Ex: Lactase is the enzyme that breaks down lactose

Page 7: What happens to the food that we eat?. IT BREAKS DOWN INTO…. Carbohydrates Proteins Fats NUCLEIC ACIDS!

Demo Time!!!

• I put yeast (the stuff you use to make bread) and hydrogen peroxide in this graduated cylinder

• Yeast contains an enzyme catalase that helps break down hydrogen peroxide into two different molecules- water and oxygen!

• What are we seeing????

Page 8: What happens to the food that we eat?. IT BREAKS DOWN INTO…. Carbohydrates Proteins Fats NUCLEIC ACIDS!

Enzymes

• Enzymes are catalysts that speed up chemical reactions

• This works by lowering the amount of energy needed for a reaction to occur

• The amount of energy needed for a reaction to occur is called the activation energy

Page 9: What happens to the food that we eat?. IT BREAKS DOWN INTO…. Carbohydrates Proteins Fats NUCLEIC ACIDS!

Enzymes – super special proteins

Enzymes speed up chemical reactions. They are also called catalysts.

Almost every reaction in your body is controlled by an enzyme!

Page 10: What happens to the food that we eat?. IT BREAKS DOWN INTO…. Carbohydrates Proteins Fats NUCLEIC ACIDS!

Enzymes

• Each enzyme has an active site where a molecule can bind

• The molecule that binds to the enzyme is called the substrate

Page 11: What happens to the food that we eat?. IT BREAKS DOWN INTO…. Carbohydrates Proteins Fats NUCLEIC ACIDS!

Enzyme specificity• Enzymes are specific to a particular reaction

• Each enzyme binds to one particular substrate

Page 12: What happens to the food that we eat?. IT BREAKS DOWN INTO…. Carbohydrates Proteins Fats NUCLEIC ACIDS!

How does the environment affect enzymes?

• Extremely high temperatures or acidic environments can damage enzymes

Page 13: What happens to the food that we eat?. IT BREAKS DOWN INTO…. Carbohydrates Proteins Fats NUCLEIC ACIDS!

What happens when an enzyme is denatured?

Page 14: What happens to the food that we eat?. IT BREAKS DOWN INTO…. Carbohydrates Proteins Fats NUCLEIC ACIDS!
Page 15: What happens to the food that we eat?. IT BREAKS DOWN INTO…. Carbohydrates Proteins Fats NUCLEIC ACIDS!

What does this mean?

• It means that each enzyme operates best at a certain temperature and pH

Page 16: What happens to the food that we eat?. IT BREAKS DOWN INTO…. Carbohydrates Proteins Fats NUCLEIC ACIDS!

AMYLASE: breaks down starch in your mouth and stomach

LIPASE: breaks down fats

PEPSIN: breaks down proteins