-there are four classes of biological substances: carbohydrates, fats (lipids), proteins, and...
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-There are four classes of biological substances:
carbohydrates, fats (lipids), proteins, and nucleic acids-Three of the four types are
found on food labels
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Three out of the 4 types of life substances can be found on food
nutrition labels…
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Look at the label to the left. 3 of the 4 macromolecules can
be found in foods. The 3 biochemical molecules
found on a nutrition label are:
1____________________
2____________________
3____________________
(0 grams in this product)
(13 grams in this product)
(9 grams in this product)
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The 4th type of life substances are the NUCLEIC ACIDS
–DNA –RNA
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This is what our hereditary (genetic) material is made of
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CARBOHYDRATES
They are the main source for the body to gain energy. They are our fuel!
They make up the cell wall in plants which allow them to grow tall, without this carbohydrate, a plant would be a mushy mess! This type of carbohydrate is called Cellulose.
THINK: CARBS= ENERGY and CELL WALLS
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CARBOHYDRATES
•In plant foods- in the cell In plant foods- in the cell walls of plants --- in fruits, walls of plants --- in fruits, vegetables, peas, beans, vegetables, peas, beans, SUGAR comes from a plant SUGAR comes from a plant and so does FLOUR! (pasta, and so does FLOUR! (pasta, potatoes, bread, candy, potatoes, bread, candy, cookies)cookies)
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Simple Sugars
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NOW ONTO PROTEINS
They are the major structural molecules in living things for growth and repair: muscles, ligaments, tendons, bones, hair, skin, nails…IN FACT ALL CELL MEMBRANES have protein in them
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Muscles and Bones
Without these structural proteins, we would look like this….
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LIPIDS
They INSULATE the body to maintain normal body temperature and they CUSHION the internal organs for protection.
They are a great source of STORED ENERGY so we have it in the future.
They are found in cell membranes
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LIPIDS
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Testing for carbohydrates•Lugol's reagent (iodine solution)•Benedict's solution
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Testing for the presence of starch (complex sugar)
Lugol's reagent (iodine
solution) changes from
yellowish-brown to dark purple/black.
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Testing for simple carbohydrates
When Benedict's solution and simple carbohydrates are heated, the solution changes from blue to
orange/ brick red.
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Brown paper test for lipids
As we all know from
experience, lipids leave translucent
spots (grease spots) on
unglazed brown paper bags.
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Testing for proteins – Buiret testBuiret solution is a blue liquid that changes to purple when
proteins are present