what caused the civil war…. so far…what attempts had been made to stop the spread of slavery?...

What caused the Civil War…

So Far…What Attempts Had Been Made to Stop the

Spread of Slavery?• Slave Trade Agreement at Constitutional

Convention

-stop slave trade 20 years after ratification of Constitution

• Northwest Ordinance 1787 -No slavery north of Ohio River

Invention of Cotton Gin

By Eli Whitney

In 1793

Before/AfterCotton Gin

BEFORE Cotton Gin AFTER Cotton Gin

Before/AfterCotton Gin

BEFORE Cotton Gin AFTER Cotton Gin

9,000 bales

Before/AfterCotton Gin

BEFORE Cotton Gin AFTER Cotton Gin

9,000 bales 4,000,000 bales

Before/AfterCotton Gin

BEFORE Cotton Gin AFTER Cotton Gin

9,000 bales 4,000,000 bales

$5 million

Before/AfterCotton Gin

BEFORE Cotton Gin AFTER Cotton Gin

9,000 bales 4,000,000 bales

$5 million $191 million

Keeping the Balancein the Senate

SLAVE STATES• Delaware• Maryland• Virginia• North Carolina• South Carolina• Georgia

FREE STATES• New Hampshire• Massachusetts• Rhode Island• Connecticut• New York• New Jersey• Pennsylvania

Original 13 Colonies

6 7

Keeping the Balancein the Senate

SLAVE STATES• Delaware• Maryland• Virginia• North Carolina• South Carolina• Georgia

FREE STATES• New Hampshire• Massachusetts• Rhode Island• Connecticut• New York• New Jersey• Pennsylvania

Original 13 Colonies

6 7

New States

•Kentucky -1792

•Tennessee - 1796

•Louisiana – 1812

•Mississippi – 1817

•Alabama - 181911

•Vermont – 1791

•Ohio – 1803

•Indiana – 1816

•Illinois - 1818 11

Keeping the Balancein the Senate

Original 13 Colonies

New States

11 11

SLAVE FREE

Compromise of 1820 Proposed By Henry Clay

Missouri - 1821 Maine - 1821

12 12

Keeping the Balancein the Senate

Original 13 Colonies

New States

SLAVE FREE

Compromise of 1820

12 12•Arkansas -1836

•Florida – 1845

•Texas - 1845

•Michigan – 1837

•Iowa – 1846

•Wisconsin - 1848

1515

1849

Would California enter as a slave state or a free state?

What does the Missouri Compromise Line do to California?

Compromise of 1850

North gets California as free state

South gets Fugitive Slave Act

Compromise Compromise 18501850Proposed by Henry Clay

-The Great Compromiser1. California –Free state2. New Mexico & Utah Territory- with

popular sovereignty3. TX and New Mexico border dispute

solved (TX -$10 million)4. NO slavery in Capital- (D.C.)5. Fugitive Slave Law٭٭٭٭٭٭٭

Keeping the Balancein the Senate

Original 13 Colonies

New States

SLAVE FREE

Compromise of 1820

12 12

•Arkansas -1836

•Florida – 1845

•Texas - 1845

•Michigan – 1837

•Iowa – 1846

•Wisconsin - 18481515

•California

15 16

Harriet Beecher Stowe’s book Uncle Tom’s Cabin rallied northern opinion against slavery and turned SLAVERY into a moral issue. It was published in 1852.

Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet B. Stowe

Remember One of the 7 Principles…Popular Sovereignty-Power from the “consent of the governed”

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Overturns Missouri Compromise … “popular sovereignty” on issue of slavery in Kansas and Nebraska Territories

Kansas - Nebraska Act 1854

Bleeding Kansas – over 200 people died in the fight to gain control of the slavery vote in Kansas. Abolitionist John Brown leads attacks in Kansas against pro-slavery settlers.

Lincoln - Douglas Debates - 1858

Series of Seven Debates Illinois Senate Race - 1858

First Debate Ottawa, Illinois, August 21, 1858

Second Debate Freeport, Illinois, August 27, 1858

Third Debate Jonesboro, Illinois, September 15, 1858

Fourth Debate Charleston, Illinois, September 18, 1858

Fifth Debate Galesburg, Illinois, October 7, 1858

Sixth Debate Quincy, Illinois, October 13, 1858

Seventh Debate Alton, Illinois, October 15, 1858

Lincoln made that point that "a House Divided Could Not Stand."

Douglas still advocated “Popular Sovereignty."

Formation of Republican Party

In 1854, the Republican Party forms to stop the spread of slavery. This sent out an alarm throughout the Deep South!

Dred Scott CaseDred Scott Case

Dred Scott was the slave of Dr. John Emerson, a United States Army surgeon. In 1834, Dr. Emerson took him from Missouri to live in free territories of Illinois and Wisconsin. After Emerson’s death in 1843, Scott sued the doctor’s widow for his freedom, arguing that his residence in a free state and a free territory made him free. The case reached the U.S. Supreme Court, which decided in 1857 that slaves were not citizens!

Villain? Martyr? Hero?

The Great John Brown

John Brown’s Raid at Harpers Ferry, VA

October of 1859

REMINDER: Lincoln - Douglas Debates - 1858

Series of Seven Debates Illinois Senate Race - 1858

First Debate Ottawa, Illinois, August 21, 1858

Second Debate Freeport, Illinois, August 27, 1858

Third Debate Jonesboro, Illinois, September 15, 1858

Fourth Debate Charleston, Illinois, September 18, 1858

Fifth Debate Galesburg, Illinois, October 7, 1858

Sixth Debate Quincy, Illinois, October 13, 1858

Seventh Debate Alton, Illinois, October 15, 1858

Lincoln made that point that "a House Divided Could Not Stand."

Douglas still advocated “Popular Sovereignty."

Election of 1860

John C. Breckinridge

John Bell

Stephen Douglass

Abe Lincoln

The South Secedes

December 20, 1860

South Carolina is the first state to secede.

The South Secedes

Mississippi - January 9, 1861

Florida - January 10, 1861

Alabama - January 11, 1861

Georgia - January 19, 1861

Louisiana - January 26, 1861

The South Secedes

March 2, 1861

Texas is the 7th Southern state to secede.

The South Secedes

April 17, 1861

Virginia secedes, but West Virginia breaks off and stays in the Union even though it is a slave state!

The South Secedes

Arkansas - May 6, 1861

Tennessee - May 7, 1861

North Carolina - May 20, 1861

The Confederate States

1. Mississippi

2. Virginia

3. Louisiana

4. Florida

5. Texas

6. Georgia

7. Tennessee

8. North Carolina

9. Arkansas

10. South Carolina

11. Alabama

My

Van

Left

First

To

Go

To

NASA!

Border States –5 Slaves States which did not

secede from Union!

Missouri

Kentucky

West Virginia

Maryland

Delaware

The American Civil War 1861-1865

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Abraham Lincoln (Republican)

1860-1865 16th President

Civil War

President Abraham Lincoln

First Inaugural Address

March 4, 1861

Slavery: Lincoln stated emphatically that he had "...no purpose, directly or indirectly, to interfere with the institution of slavery in the States where it exists. I believe I have no lawful right to do so, and I have no inclination to do so."

Use of force: Lincoln promised that there would be no use of force against the South, unless it proved necessary for him to fulfill his obligation to "hold, occupy, and possess the property and places" belonging to the federal government,

Border States –5 Slaves States which did not

secede from Union!

Missouri

Kentucky

West Virginia

Maryland

Delaware

First shots fired in the Civil War on April 12, 1861

Ft. Sumter, South Carolina

April 12, 1861

Edmund Ruffin

Fort Sumter, SCFort Sumter, SC• 1st Shots of the Civil War• April 12, 1861• Federal troops running out

of supplies, Lincoln sent a supply ship

• Confederates attacked the supply ship

Appomattox Courthouse, VA:

Lee surrenders to Grant to end the Civil War on April 9, 1865

Rebels v. Yankees

General of Confederate Army

General of U.S. Army

Ulysses S. Grant

Robert E. Lee

The

Rebels

The Yankees

Abraham Lincoln: Union President

United States

(Union)

Jefferson Davis: Confederate President

Confederate States

(Rebels)

Confederates had Best Generals/Army

• Industry

• Men

• Navy

• Raw Materials

• Railroads

• Other Internal Improvements

• Larger Population

Advantages and Disadvantages Union (North) had big advantages in almost all areas needed to fight a war.

Confederate Soldier – Southern Rebels

• Reb

• Johnny Reb

• Brown Uniforms

• Home made later in the war due to shortages

Union Soldier – North -Yankees

• Yank

• Yankee

• Blue Uniform

Union Generals

• McClellan Sherman Grant

Confederate Generals

• Stewart Jackson Lee

Anaconda Plan

In April 1861 General Winfield Scott came up with the plan, which was basically to blockade the saltwater ports of the South and to stop all commerce on the Mississippi River so no cotton could be exported and no war supplies could be imported.

The strategy was devised to weaken the South without invading it. It was nicknamed the Anaconda Plan because it would strangle the Confederacy the way the anaconda snake constricts its victim.

1861 Union Plan to blockade all Southern ports.

AntietamAntietam•September 17, 1862 •Bloodiest Battle of Civil War•Confederates' first major invasion of the North

•Union 12,000 casualties, including 2,108 killed

•Confederate 2,700 soldiers were killed, and about 10,000 were wounded or missing

Battle of Antietam: bloodiest battle of war … inspired Lincoln to pass the Emancipation Proclamation.

Fighting at Antietam

Abe Lincoln at Antietam

Emancipation Proclamation: Freed slaves in the Rebel states under Union control (not border states). Inspired Northerners to continue fighting.

GettysburgGettysburg•Turning Point of the Civil War•July 1-3, 1863•Confederates' second and last major invasion of the North

•Union Army- 23,000 casualties•Confederates- 25,000 casualties

Gettysburg

(Pennsylvania) was the turning point in the war-July 1863

Union Victory

Vicksburg (Mississippi) gave Union control of the Mississippi River. Cut Confederacy in half. Union Victory.

July 4th, 1863

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Union Gains During Civil War

Fighting at Gettysburg

Casualties at Gettysburg

1913 Veterans of Gettysburg

Gettysburg Address

Gettysburg Address

ADDRESS DELIVERED AT THE DEDICATIONOF THE CEMETERY AT GETTYSBURG

Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal…

…God shall have a new birth of freedom--and that government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth.

Sherman’s March to the Sea - 1864

On the 26th of December, Sherman wrote to President Lincoln: " I beg to present to you, as a Christmas gift, the city of Savannah,”

Sherman’s Army marched from Atlanta to Savannah in November and December of 1864 – a march of 200 miles burning a 60-mile wide strip through the South!

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Union Gains During Civil War

Appomattox Courthouse, VA:

Lee surrenders to Grant to end the Civil War on April 9, 1865

The Andersonville Nightmare

The military prison at Andersonville was one of the largest Confederate military prisons during the Civil War.

During the 14 months the prison existed, more than 45,000 Union soldiers were confined here. Of these, almost 13,000 died here.

The Andersonville Nightmare

54th MassachusettsThe 54th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment was one of the most celebrated regiments of black soldiers that fought in the Civil War.

Known simply as "the 54th," this regiment became famous after the heroic, but ill-fated, assault on Fort Wagner, South Carolina.

The 1989 film Glory tells the story of the 54th.

Philip Bazaar

Seaman Philip Bazaar, born in Chile, South America, was a Navy seaman who was awarded the United States' highest military decoration for valor in combat — the Medal of Honor— for having distinguished himself during the battle for Fort Fisher during the Civil War.

William Carney

William Harvey Carney was an African-American soldier during the Civil War serving with the 54th Massachusetts.

Carney was the first African American to receive the Medal of Honor.

He received the Medal Of Honor for his actions during the CW Battle of Ft. Wagner … saving the American flag and planting it on the parapet despite being wounded several times.

Habeas Corpus

Lincoln ordered the suspension of Habeas Corpus (courts) in 1861

Lincoln said, “Must I shoot a simple-minded soldier boy who deserts while I must not touch a hair of a wily agitator who induces him to desert?” - that is how Lincoln justified Habeas Corpus

Appomattox Courthouse, VA:

Lee surrenders to Grant to end the Civil War on April 9, 1865

Manpower - Available Men Who Fought

NORTH

22 million = Total population

-11 million women

-5 million children

6 million men available to fight

3 million men fought in CW

50% of available men in the North fought for the Union

Manpower - Available Men Who Fought

SOUTH

10 million = Total population

- 4 million slaves

-3 million women

1.5 million men available to fight

About 1.4 million men fought in CW

90% of available men in the South fought for the Confederacy

-1.5 million children