web page concept basic

By Sukanya Sen Sharma and Shaishavi Kashikar

MBICT College

Web page Concept, DesigningLanguages – Final Seminar

Introduction1.Why Web Designing?2.What And Why?3.Web Standards

HTML XMLComparison

Web design is the practice of creating presentations of content (usually hypertext or hypermedia) that are delivered to an end-user through the Worldwide Web,using a Web browser or other Web-enabled software. The intent of web design is to create a website²a collection of electronic documents and applications that reside on a Webserver/servers. The website may include text, images, soundsand other content, and may be interactive.

WHY WEB DESIGNING????

What and Why????Why

1. First impression

counts2. Professionalism3. Competition

What is the use of web designing

1. Marketing2. Advertisement

Web designing – 3 important element

1. Colour and tone of website

2. Use of graphics3. Quality of contents

Web StandardW3C standardWhat is the W3C?What does it do??What are the W3C

standard1. HTML 4.0

standard2. XML 1.03. XHTML 1.0,1.14. CSS5. DOM

Web design - HTML An Webpage is best thought as a

set of VIRTUAL ELEMENTS (paragraphs,titles,tables,list,images).

HTML(Hyper type Markup Language ) defines the structure and layout of elements of a Web page with a variety of TAGS.

Each tag may have a set of attributes that modify the appearance and layout of the virtual elements contained by the tag.

BASIC STRUCTURE <!DOCTYPE html>

<h1> My first Heading </h1>

<p> My first paragraph </p>

</body> </html>

Structure of HTML Document

Importance of HTML1. Used to display any type of document on

the host computer.2. A versatile language and can be used on

any platform.3. Used to make the text look attractive.4. Can link one document with another.

ATTRIBUTES OF BODY ELEMENT~ Background~Bgcolor~size~font~color~Left margin~Top margin….etcThe above mentioned attributes are

explained in the next section.

• <BODY BGCOLOR ="SILVER"> <H1> MY FIRST HTML CODE </H1>

FONT SIZE EXAMPLE<HTML>

<BODY>

THIS TEXT IS WRITTEN IN FONT SIZE 3.

</FONT>

</FONT>

THIS TEXT IS ASLO WRITTEN IN FONT SIZE 7 'COZ ITS VALUE IS OUT OF THE RANGE.

</FONT>

</BODY>

</HTML>

<FONT SIZE="5" COLOR="RED"> THIS TEXT IS WRITTEN IN FONT SIZE 5 AND IN RED COLOR.

COLOR TESTING

<HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE> COLOR

TESTING </TITLE> </HEAD> <BODY> <FONT SIZE="5"

COLOR="RED"> THIS TEXT IS

WRITTEN IN FONT SIZE 5 AND IN RED COLOR.

</FONT> </BODY></HTML>

HTML defines six levels of heading. The heading element is written as:

<Hn>………………………</Hn>Where n - level of heading and can take values from

1 to 6.H1 -- most prominent heading ,while H6 --least prominent heading.Headings are usually displayed in bolder and larger font than the normal text.

NOTE: (From the example next)- An extra line is generally inserted above and below the heading.

HEADING Element

HTML CODE

<HTML> <BODY> <H1> HEADING ONE</H1> <H2>HEADING

TWO</H2> <H3>HEADING THREE</H3> <H4>HEADING 4 </H4> <H5> HEADING FIVE</H5> <H6>HEADING SIX</H6> </BODY></HTML>

The PARAGRAPH Element <P> indicates a paragraph.

The paragraph can be aligned by using the ALIGN attribute.

The ALIGN = LEFT/CENTER/RIGHT attribute can be added to the <H1> through to <H6> elements.

SYNTAX:<P> ……………………………..</P>

<br>This element is used to insert a line break with extra space in the beginning.

PARAGRAPH Element

HTML CODE<HTML> <BODY> <P> THIS IS FIRST

PARAGRAPH </P><P

ALIGN="CENTER"> THIS IS SECOND PARAGRAPH

WHICH IS CENTER ALIGNED

</P><P ALIGN ="RIGHT">

THIS IS THIRD PARAGRAPH WHICH IS RIGHT ALIGNED

</P> </BODY></HTML>

1. B (BOLD) Syntax: <B> ---------- </B>2. I (ITALIC) Syntax: <I> ----------- </I>3. SUB (Subscript) Syntax: <SUB> ---------- </SUB>4. SUP (Super script)

Syntax: <SUP> ---------- </SUP>

STYLE TAGS

HTML code for BOLD & SUBSCRIPT

<H1 ALIGN="CENTER"><B> SOME CHEMICAL

FORMULAS</B></H1> <BR>

H<SUB>2</SUB>SO<SUB>4</SUB><BODY>

<HTML>

HTML code for ITALIC & SUP<HTML>

<BODY>

<H1 ALIGN="CENTER"><B> <I>SOME MATHEMATICAL

FORMULAS</I></B></H1> <BR>

(A+B) <SUP>2</SUP>=A<SUP>2</SUP> + B<SUP>2</SUP> + 2AB<BR>

(A-B) <SUP>2</SUP>=A<SUP>2</SUP> + B<SUP>2</SUP> - 2AB

</BODY>

</HTML>

eXtensible Markup LanguageMarkup language for documents

containing structured informationDefined by four specifications:

XML, the Extensible Markup Language XLL, the Extensible Linking Language XSL, the Extensible Style Language XUA, the XML User Agent

What is XML?

Based on Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML)

Version 1.0 introduced by World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) in 1998

Bridge for data exchange on the Web

XML….

An XML element is made up of a start tag, an end tag, and data in between.

Example: <director> Matthew Dunn </director>Example of another element with the same value: <actor> Matthew Dunn </actor>XML tags are case-sensitive: <CITY> <City> <city>XML can abbreviate empty elements, for example: <married> </married> can be abbreviated to <married/>

Authoring XML Elements

An attribute is a name-value pair separated by an equal sign (=).

Example: <City ZIP=“94608”> Emeryville </City>Attributes are used to attach additional,

secondary information to an element.

Authoring XML Elements (cont’d)

A basic XML document is an XML element that can, but might not, include nested XML elements.

Example: <books> <book isbn=“123”> <title> Second Chance </title> <author> Matthew Dunn </author> </book> </books>

Authoring XML Documents

Authoring XML Documents (cont’d)

Authoring guidelines:All elements must have an end tag.All elements must be cleanly nested

(overlapping elements are not allowed).All attribute values must be enclosed in

quotation marks.Each document must have a unique first

element, the root node.

XML Data Model: Example

<BOOKS><book id=“123”

loc=“library”> <author>Hull</author> <title>California</title> <year> 1995 </year></book><article id=“555”

ref=“123”> <author>Su</author> <title> Purdue</title></article></BOOKS> Hull Purdue

123 555

California

titleauthor

author

articlebook

loc=“library”

Authoring XML Data Islands

A data island is an XML document that exists within an HTML page.

The <XML> element marks the beginning of the data island, and its ID attribute provides a name that you can use to reference the data island.

Authoring XML Data Islands (cont’d)

Example: <XML ID=“XMLID”> <customer> <name> Mark Hanson </name> <custID> 29085 </custID> </customer> </XML>

XML Query LanguagesThe first XML query languages

LOREL (Stanford)XQL

Several other query languages have been developed (e.g. UNQL, XPath)

XML-QL considered by W3C for standardization

Currently W3C is considering and working on a new query language: XQuery

A Query Language for XML: XML-QL

Developed at AT&T labs To extract data from the input XML data Has variables to which data is bound and

templates which show how the output XML data is to be constructed

Uses the XML syntax Based on a where/construct syntax

Where combines from and where parts of SQL Construct corresponds to SQL’s select

XML-QL Query Example 1 Retrieve all authors of books

published by Morgan Kaufmann:

where <book> <publisher><name> Morgan Kaufmann </name>

</publisher> <title> $T </title> <author> $A

</author> </book> in “www.a.b.c/bib.xml”construct <result> $A </result>

Example 2 XML-QL query asking for all

bookstores that sell The Java Programming Language for under $25:

where <store> <name> $N </name> <book> <title> The Java

Programming Language </title>

<price> $P </price> </book></store> in

“www.store/bib.xml” $P < 25

construct <result> $N </result>

Semi structured Data and MediatorsSemi structured data is often encountered in data exchange

and integrationAt the sources the data may be structured (e.g. from relational

databases)

A mediator is complex software component that integrates and transforms data from one or several sources using a declarative specification

Two main contexts:Data conversion: converts data between two different

models

e.g. by translating data from a relational database into XML

Data integration: integrates data from different sources into a common view

Converting Relational Database to XMLExample: Export the following data into XML and

group books by storeRelational Database:

Store (sid, name, phone)Book (bid, title, authors)StoreBook (sid , bid, price, stock)

Store BookStoreBook

authors

bidtitlesid

price stock

Converting Relational Database to XML (Cont’d)

XML:<store> <name> … </name>

</book> <book>…</book> …

</store>

Challenges facing XMLIntegration of data sharing

Security

XMLXML fundamentally

separates contents (data and informati0n) from presentation.

XML allows tags and grammars to be used.

HTML specifies presentation.

HTML explicitly defines a set of legal tags as well as grammar.

Web Designing – XML Vs. HTML

BROWSER COMPATIBILITY

NAMING CONVENSIONS

QUALITY OF CONTENT

GRAPHICS AND IMAGES

Web designing - ISSUES

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