visual impairments and the effect on development · vision: 20/70‐20/200 in best eye with best...
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AUDIODETAILSCall:1‐866‐842‐5779
EnterCode:463‐661‐9330
PresentedbyLisaAuwarter
VisualImpairmentsandtheEffectonDevelopment
MeetthePresenterLisaAuwarter,M.S.Ed.
Agenda
Overviewofvisualimpairments–ROP,ONH,SOD,
MuscleImbalance,OpEcAtrophy
DBVIservices
TheEffectsonInfant
Development
OverviewofCorEcalVisualImpairments
La Clinica Oculistica Virtuale
TheHumanEye
LowVision:20/70‐20/200inbesteyewithbestcorrecPon
Legallyblind:20/200orworseinbesteyewithcorrecPon
VisualAcuity:howclearlyweseethings
LowVision:20/70‐20/200inbesteyewithbestcorrecEonLegallyBlind:20/200orworseinbesteyewithcorrecEon
Whatdoyouthinkthisis?
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7
Visual Acuity: how clearly we see things
Low Vision: 20/70-20/200 in best eye with best correction Legally blind: 20/200 or worse in best eye with correction
Whatismyopia?
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Myopia or near sightedness
Normal vision
eyeatlas.com
20
Hyperopia or far sightedness
Astigmatism
eyeatlas.com
TheDiseaseProcessinRePnopathyofPrematurity
NaEonalEyeInsEtute,NaEonalInsEtutesofHealth
• Retina has not yet vascularized
• Growth stops for a while
• Then oxygen can cause them to grow wildly, tangle and grow into vitreous, not to edges
• Vessels hemorrhage, scar tissue forms and vitreous contracts, damaging retina and causing detachments
0‐5
StagesofROP
0‐3–mayneedglassescorrect
3,3+,4–lowvision
5–totaldetachment
NaEonalEyeInsEtute,NaEonalInsEtutesofHealth
Stages0‐5
Braindamage
CerebralPalsy
Seizures
HearingLoss
LearningdisabiliEes
CorEcal/Cerebral
VisualImpairment
SensoryIssues
OtherDisabiliPesandROP
Canbeneurological(damagetothebrain)orduetoothervisionimpairment(i.e.,albinism,highmyopia)
VerEcal,horizontalorrotary
Slightlyblursvision,centralvisiondecreasedsoholdsobjectscloser
Mayturnheadslightlytousenullpoint
IncreaseswithfaEgue,stress,excitement
Maydecreasewithage
Nystagmus
Haveyouworkedwithachildwithnystagmus?
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RandomorRovingEyeMovements
Signofpooracuity;takesgoodacuitytofixate
Asifeyesaretryingtofindatarget,butcan’tquitefocusonitwell
TheOpPcNerve
DamagedopEcnerve(hydrocephalusorIVH)
OpPcNerveAtrophy(ONA)
LossofbloodsupplytoopEcnervewithgradualvisionloss
OpEcdiscispale Changeinvisualacuityandperipheralfieldmayoccurbeforechangeinthediscisevident;
DegeneraEvecondiEonfollowingnormalfuncEon
Notnormallydiagnosedininfancywww.nature.com
OpPcNerveHypoplasia(ONH)
SmallopEcnerveswithnormalsizebloodvessels
Varyingdegreesofvisualacuityandfieldlosses
AssociatedwithCNSanomalies–agenesisofcorpuscallosum(failureoftwohalvesofbraintoconnect)–endocrinedisorders
Incidenceincreasing,usedtobethoughtthatiswasaresultofdrugs,alcohol,tobaccouseofmotherbeforebirthwhilepregnantbutnolongertrue–couldbeenvironmentalthroughthefirsttrimester Booklet on ONH from the
Blind Childrens Center in Los Angeles, CA
SeptoOpPcDysplasiadeMorsiersyndrome
AcongenitalmalformaEonsyndromemanifestedby:–hypoplasia(underdevelopment)oftheopEcnerve–hypopituitarism–absenceoftheseptumpellucidum(amidlinepartof–thebrain)
Inaseverecase,thisresultsinpituitaryhormonedeficiencies,blindness,andintellectualdisability
Therearemilderdegreesofeachofthethreeproblems,andsomechildrenonlyhaveoneortwoofthethree
emedicine.com
DelayedVisualMaturaPon
associatedwithotheroculardisorderssuchasalbinism,cataractsoraniridia;visionworsethanexpectedmeanageofrecoveryat20weeks;
onsetofnystagmusprecedesrecoveryby8months;also
dependsonvisualabiliEesandothercharacterisEcsofthechild
by3‐6months,childhasarapidimprovementofvisiontonormalornear‐normallevels
TypeI TypeII TypeIII
visionusuallyimproves,buttakeslongerandtheremaybeconEnuedlossofvision
eyeatlas.com
EyeMuscleImbalances
OculomotorProblems
or
Oculomotorproblems?
WhatcanIdo?
CorPcalVisualImpairment
WhatisCorPcalVisualImpairment
(CVI)?
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CorPcalVisualImpairment(CVI)isatemporaryorpermanentvisualimpairmentcausedbythedisturbanceoftheposteriorvisualpathwaysand/ortheoccipitallobesofthebrain.Thedegreeofvisionimpairmentcanrangefromseverevisualimpairmenttototalblindness.ThedegreeofneurologicaldamageandvisualimpairmentdependsupontheEmeofonset,aswellasthelocaEonandintensityoftheinsult.ItisacondiEonthatindicatesthatthevisualsystemsofthebraindonotconsistentlyunderstandorinterpretwhattheeyessee.ThepresenceofCVIisnotanindicatorofthechild'scogniEveability.
IDEA?
IdenPficaPonandDiagnosis
NormaleyeexamoreyecondiEonthatwouldnotexplainleveloffuncEoning
Medicalhistorythatincludesneurologicalproblems
PresenceofuniquevisualandbehavioralcharacterisEcs
PossibleCauses
Asphysxiaandperinatalhypoxic‐ischemicencephalopathy
IVH(preemiesarehighrisk)–bleedingintotheventricles
PVL(periventricularleukomalacia)
CerebralVascularAccident/CerebralArteryInfarcEon(brainbleed)
InfecEon(TORCH–toxo,rubella,cmv,herpes)
StructuralabnormaliEes(spinabifida,DandyWalker,microcephaly,lissencephaly)
AcquiredCVI–TBI,acquiredhypoxia,accidents
UniqueCharacterisPcs
Visuallatency Lightgazingornonpurposefulgaze
Difficultywithdistanceandvisualnovelty
Visualandbehavioral Colorpreferences AfracEontomovement
Toy/objectonsolid
background
Toy/objectonpafernedbackground
vs.
Difficultywithvisualandenvironmentalcomplexity–pairingsenses,movements,display
Visualfieldpreferences
Whatdoyousee?
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.
Seeitnow?
CorPcalVisualImpairment
WhenachildwithCVIneedstocontrolhishead,usehisvision,andperformfinemotortasks,theeffortcanbecomparedtoaneurologicallyintactadultlearningtoknitwhilewalkingaPghtrope.
“
WhyisitimportanttoworkasateamwithchildrenwithcorEcalvisualimpairmentsinparEcular?
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TheEffectsofVisualImpairmentonDevelopment
HiMax!!
SensoryDevelopment
Hearingistheonlydistancesenseavailable
Inputisinconsistent,discreteandunverified.
PurposefulexploraEonisminimal–ear/handrequired
.a) 3monthsb) 6months
c) 12monthsd) 2years
AtwhatagedoesEAR/HANDcoordinaPondevelop?
a) 3monthsb) 6months
c) 12monthsd) 2years
AtwhichagedoesEYE/HAND
coordinaPondevelop?
MotorDevelopment
Ear/Hand
Self‐iniEatedmobility
Posture
ObjectPermanencedelayedbyupto1yr.
CausalRelaEonship
Constancy–posiEoninspace
ClassificaEon–similariEes
ConservaEon–weight,volume,etc.
CogniPveDevelopment
Social/EmoPonalImpact
Fear–IsolaEon Lackofopportunity Safety Dependence
ImpactonLanguage
Blindchildrenneedplanned,systemaEc
instrucEon
?
Language(con’t)
REAL,CONCRETEINDEPENDENTEXPERIENCES
AlternatestructuredplayenvironmentwithdownEme–quietisok,sEmisok,choiceisok
WhatCanWeDoforYou??
ResourcestoFamilyandProviders
Trainings
TeamSupport
FuncEonalVisionEvaluaEons
APH(AmericanPrinEngHouse)Materials
TransiEonSupport
DBVIEducaPonCoordinators
BristolRegionalOffice:RichardFanisRichard.Fanis@dbvi.virginia.gov(540)642‐7300
NorfolkRegionalOffice:VacantContact:CarenPhipps,RegionalManagerCaren.Phipps@dbvi.virginia.gov(757)858‐6724
RoanokeRegionalOffice:BarbaraHalton‐BaileyBarbara.Halton‐Bailey@dbvi.virginia.gov(540)857‐7122
StauntonRegionalOffice:LisaAuwarterLisa.Auwarter@dbvi.virginia.gov(540)332‐7716
TollFreeNumber:(800)622‐2155
FairfaxRegionalOffice:DeniseWalkerDenise.Walker@dbvi.virginia.gov(703)359‐6736
RichmondRegionalOffice:DonnaCoxDonna.Cox@dbvi.virginia.gov(804)371‐3353
****EDUCATIONSERVICESPROGRAMDIRECTOR****
Glen.Slonneger@dbvi.virginia.gov(804)371‐3113Headquarters–397AzaleaAve.,Richmond,VA
hfp://www.vdbvi.org/educ_services.htm
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