quantumcomputing’ infinance...financial modeling esmangnumber’ of’soluons discrete sampling...
TRANSCRIPT
Quantum Computing in Finance
Colin P. Williams D-‐Wave Systems Inc.
© 2015 D-‐Wave Systems Inc. All Rights Reserved. Proprietary & ConfidenDal 2
Overview
• Company background • Quantum compuDng & why it maJers • Product (D-‐Wave 2XTM) • Performance • Programming • ApplicaDons
© 2015 D-‐Wave Systems Inc. All Rights Reserved. Proprietary & ConfidenDal 3
Company Background
Founded in 1999 began surveying field of QC, building IP porSolio, selected “quantum annealing” ~2004
Raised over $176M in venture funding since incepDon; soZware
ecosystem forming; see copy cat quantum effort
appearing
Business model quantum computer
system sales, professional services, and quantum
cloud offering
100+ US patents granted; over 80+ scienDfic papers published; ranked 4th in “patent power” by IEEE; in “Top 50 Smartest Companies” by MIT Technology Review
Premier First Customers
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What is Quantum Computing?
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What are Quantum Computers?
• Computers that harness quantum physical phenomena not available to convenDonal computers
Quantum Processor
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SuperposiDon
Entanglement
Quantum Tunneling
Quantum Effects
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How our Quantum Computer Works
• Cast problem as a energy landscape s.t. opDmal soluDon is locaDon of lowest point
• Classical algorithms can only walk over this landscape
• Quantum annealing uses quantum effects to go through the hills
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© 2015 D-‐Wave Systems Inc. All Rights Reserved. Proprietary & ConfidenDal 8
Why Quantum Computing Matters
Most important problems
Time to SoluDon
Problem Complexity / # of Variables
QUANTUM
CLASSICAL
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Our Product
© 2015 D-‐Wave Systems Inc. All Rights Reserved. Proprietary & ConfidenDal 10
D-‐Wave 2XTM System Overview
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1,000-‐Qubit “Washington” Processor
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Our Superconducting Flux Qubits
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Processor Architecture: Network of Binary Units
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Wiring layout • 12×12 array of 8-‐qubit unit cells • Within each unit cell each verDcal qubit is coupled to each horizontal qubit
• VerDcal (horizontal) qubit coupled to corresponding qubit in verDcal (horizontal) neighboring cells
• Non-‐planarity of interconnect network makes the problem of finding the lowest energy state of the qubits NP-‐hard
• NP-‐Hardness guarantees you can map many pracDcal problems to the architecture
Processor interconnect topology ConnecDvity within a unit cell
Physical Layout Physical Unit Cell
Logical Layout Logical Unit Cell
© 2015 D-‐Wave Systems Inc. All Rights Reserved. Proprietary & ConfidenDal 14
Programming
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How do you Program the D-‐Wave 2X?
ComputaDonal Problem to Solve
Map it to an Equivalent Ising Problem
Run Quantum Annealing
Read Out a Spin-‐configuraDon having Low Energy
Load Ising Problem in Quantum Processor Graph
Map Spin-‐ConfiguraDon to Equivalent OpDmal, or Near-‐OpDmal, Bit String
Store Bit-‐String SoluDon & Repeat
Retain all SoluDons (SAMPLING)
Retain Best SoluDon (OPTIMIZATION)
Local Biases Couplings
Goal: Find a configuraDon of qubits that minimize or nearly minimize your objecDve funcDon
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Applications
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Graph Coloring
Factoring
Diagnosis
Constraint SaDsfacDon
Monte Carlo
Financial Modeling
EsSmaSng Number of SoluSons
Discrete Sampling
Complexity Scaling
Error CorrecSon
Impact of Interconnect Topology
Quantum Research
Discrete OpDmizaDon
Scheduling LogisScs
Planning
Machine Learning
Structured PredicSon
Boltzmann Machines
Applications
OpDmizaDon Sampling
Deep Learning
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Performance
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D-‐Wave 2XTM Optimization Results
• RANr: set all hi = 0; set Jij ∈ [−r, r] \ {0}
ttotal = tprogram + R (tanneal + treadout)
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D-‐Wave 2XTM Sampling Results Energies of Sam
ples Returne
d
Quantum Classical Fat Tree #1
Classical Fat Tree #2
Classical Selby
Classical SA #1
Classical SA #2
Best sample so far
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Increasing Performance at Near Constant Power
Source: hJp://www.extremetech.com/compuDng/116561-‐the-‐death-‐of-‐cpu-‐scaling-‐from-‐one-‐core-‐to-‐many-‐and-‐why-‐were-‐sDll-‐stuck
D-‐Wave Processor Power, ~0.1 μW
Rainier
Vesuvius
Washington
D-‐Wave System Power, ~15.5kW
Classical Power
Classical Performance
D-‐Wave Processor Performance
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Technology is Scaling Up Quickly
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• N qubits have 2N configuraDons • Processed in quantum parallel • 2300 > no. of parDcles in our Universe
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Conclusions
• We offer 1st commercial quantum computer
• Best suited for discrete opDmizaDon, sampling, A.I., machine learning, constraint saDsfacDon, deep learning
• Current customers moDvated by potenDal for gaining compeDDve advantage by using quantum compuDng & acquiring IP on low-‐hanging fruit
• No roadblocks to larger processors
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Thank you! Email: [email protected]