the whole team approach to testing in continuous delivery...ways to engage the whole team in a...

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TheWholeTeamApproachtoTestinginContinuousDelivery

LisaCrispinWithmaterialfromAbbyBangser,AshleyHunsberger,Lisi Hocke &more

It takes a village…

Copyright2018LisaCrispin

@lisacrispin

Alittleaboutme...

@lisacrispin

Howaboutyou?Who’salreadydoingcontinuousdelivery?Who’sworkingtowardsit?Whatcompetenciesdoyouhave?● Coding● Testing● Operations/sysadmin● Datascience/database● Coaching● ????

@lisacrispin

Learningintentions● WaystoengagethewholeteaminaDevOps(DevTestOps)culture● Sometoolstohelpshortenfeedbackloops&mitigaterisks● Howtofitallnecessarytestingactivitiesintothecontinuousworld

@lisacrispin

Expectations

● Pleaseaskquestionsandcontributeyourstories!

● Thereareno“bestpractices”,thereare“leadingpractices”.

● Readmore,andexperimentwiththeseideastoreallylearnthem.

● DevOpsisabigarea.We’llfocusonpipelines.

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Whatdoyouthinkwhenyouhear“DevOps”?

Howabout“ContinuousDelivery”?

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Whatdoyouthinkwhenyouhear“Continuoustesting”?

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Wholeteamresponsibility forquality

● Commitmenttoalevelofconfidence○ Bugpreventionoverbugdetection○ Learningfromproductionuse,errors○ …andrespondingfast○ Focusonwhat’svaluabletocustomers

● Diverseperspectives,skillsets,biases

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Let’sagreeonsomecommonterminology

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“DevOps”

● Termcoinedin2009,buttheconceptgoesbacktoearlydays● Devs,testers,ops,otherscollaborate

○ Create,test, maintaininfrastructureforCI,deployments,test&prodenvironments

○ Supportcontinuousdelivery&testing○ Makeourcustomers’dayabitbetter

@lisacrispin

It’sallabout:

● Collaboration

● Continuousimprovement

● Continuouslearning

TestingistheheartofDevOps

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Measuring our flow of work

Work identified

Work started

Work completed

Lead Time

Process / Cycle Time

Cycletime:howlongfromstarttodelivery?● Re-workslowsusdown● Sharedunderstandingspeedsusup

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ContinuousIntegration

● Integrate code into a shared repository multiple times per day

● Preferably on trunk/master, but on branches too● Typically the start of a pipeline● Each check-in can be verified by an automated build with

automated regression tests

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Deploymentpipeline● Breakthebuildintostagestospeedupfeedback● Eachstagetakesextratime&providesmoreconfidence● Earlystagescanfindmostproblems->fasterfeedback● Laterstagesprobemorethoroughly● Automateddeploymentpipelinesarecentraltocontinuous

delivery

From A Practical Guide to Testing in DevOps, Katrina Clokie

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ContinuousDelivery(CD)

● Ability to get many types of changes into production safely, quickly and sustainably (Jez Humble)○ eg. new features, configuration changes, bug fixes, experiments

● Heavily benefits from, but not dependent on, automated regression tests

● Each commit is independently verified as a deployable release candidate

● A deployable release candidate is always available

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Compile & Unit Testing

Static Analysis

Integration Testing

GUI &End to End Testing

Exploratory Testing

User Acceptance Testing (UAT)

Perf Testing

Penetration Testing

Deploy to Production

Deploy to QA Env

Deploy to StagingEnv

Deploy to Stress Env

Deploy to Security Env

ContinuousDeliveryExample

Steps outlined in blue in this example are manual

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Manualstepsinthepipelinemightbe…

● Deploys● Exploratorytesting● Visualchecking● …whatelsecanyouthinkof?● Moreonthislater

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PrinciplesofcontinuousdeliveryFromJezHumbleandDavidFarley,continuousdelivery.com:

● Buildqualityin● Workinsmallbatches● Computersperformrepetitivetasks,peoplesolve

problems● Relentlesslypursuecontinuousimprovement● Everyoneisresponsible

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ContinuousDeployment(alsoCD:-/)● Deploymentsoccuroneverysuccessfullyverifiedcommit.

Oftenmanyaday.● Heavily fromautomatedtestingandContinuousDelivery

environment,butdoesnotactuallyrequireeither

Image: www.squirrelpicnic.com

@lisacrispin

Compile & Unit Testing

Static Analysis

Integration Testing

GUI &End to End Testing

Exploratory Testing

User Acceptance Testing (UAT)

Perf Testing

Penetration Testing

Deploy to Production

Deploy to QA Env

Deploy to StagingEnv

Deploy to Stress Env

Deploy to Security Env

ContinuousDeploymentExample

Steps outlined in blue in this example are manual

@lisacrispin

CD(eitherone)withoutautomation…

Likedrivingatnightwithoutyourheadlights.It’spossible… butheadlightsreducetherisk.

Thewholeteamapproachisoneheadlight…Automatedregressiontestsaretheother.

Props to Ashley Hunsberger for the analogy

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To sum up the terms again…

DeploymentPipeline

DeveloperCommit

DeployedtoProduction

Stage Stage Stage Stage Stage Stage

DeploymentPipeline

DeveloperCommit

DeployedtoProduction

Codeismerged(master/trunk)

Stage Stage Stage

ContinuousIntegration(CI)

Stage Stage

Businessapproval

Compilation/unittesting

Createdeploymentartifact

Testingstage1

Testingstage2

DeploymentPipeline

DeveloperCommit

DeployedtoProduction

Codeismerged(master/trunk)

ContinuousIntegration(CI)

ContinuousDelivery(CD)

ContinuousDeployment(confusingly,thisisalsoCD)

Businessapproval

Compilation/unittesting

Createdeploymentartifact

Testingstage1

Testingstage2

DeploymentPipeline

DeveloperCommit

DeployedtoProduction

Codeismerged(master/trunk)

ContinuousIntegration(CI)

ContinuousDelivery(CD)

@lisacrispin

Visualizeyourpipeline

● Trygettingacross-functionalgroupofteammemberstogether● Devs,testers,productfolks,ops

● Writeyourpipelinestepsonbigstickies (realorvirtual)● Arrangethemonatable,wall,virtualwhiteboard● Talkaboutit!

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Howcouldyoudeliverfaster?

● Parallelizingsteps?● Newtools?Moreautomation?Movingtothecloud?● Whatregressiontestsdoyouneedtorunforconfidence?

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TheTestSuite Canvas (fromAshleyHunsberger,inspiredbyKatrinaClokie)

https://github.com/ahunsberger/TestSuiteDesign

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Let’sexploreafewcanvasdiscussionpoints

Confidence

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Agoodplacetostartis…

dowedoeachstepinourcurrentpipeline?

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Whatdowewanttolearnfromeachstep?

Whatbusinessquestionscaneachstepinourpipelineanswer?● Integrationandbuild● Staticcodeanalysis● Automatedtestsuites● ManualtestingWhocanbenefitfromtheinformation?Howshouldtheybeinformed?Whatriskscanwemitigatewitheachstep?

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Afewrealworldexamples…

APITestSuite● AmIgettingproperresponsesthatwarrantUItesting?StaticCodeAnalysis● Arewemeetingaccessibilitystandards?BuildInstallerTesting● Doesthebuildinstallwithouterrorsothatitisworth

furthertesting?

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Dependencies

Whatneedstobeinplaceforagivensteptorunsuccessfully?○ Othersystems○ Tools○ Data,environments...

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Constraints● What’spreventingusfromoptimizingagivenstep?● Forexample:isitamanualstepwecouldautomate?● Dowehaveautomation,butit’sslowandflaky?● Whatareourknownworkarounds?

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Triggeringeachstepinyourpipeline

• Whatkicksoffeachstepinyourpipeline?

• Canyouparallelizetoshortenyourfeedbackloop?

• Ifoneprerequisitestepfailsbutanotherpasses– doyourunthesharednextstep?Orstop?

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Gates

● Automaticallystopdefectsfrommakingitanyfurtherdownstream – fastfeedback

● Trustyourtests– flakytestsareuseless● Usenewtechnologytohelpmaketeststrustworthy

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Testdata

Howdowemanagetestdata?● Tradeoffofspeedvs.simulatingproduction● Unittestsusetestdoubles- fakes,stubs,mocks● Higherleveltestsusefixtureorcanonicaldata

○ whichsimulatesproddata● Setupandteardownforeachtest

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There’smoretothecanvas

• Useittogenerateconversations• Makesureyouaddresseverythingimportanttogiveyou

confidenceforcontinuousdelivery

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BuildingaDevOpsCulture

DevOpsisn’taroleorateam

It’scollaborationbetweenthesoftwaredeliveryteam(includingtesters)andthesystemadministrationandoperationsteam

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Buildingrelationships

Thiswholeteamapproachsoundsnice,but…● Howcanweengageotherstocollaborate?

Whatareyourideas?

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We’rehumans!(orpossiblydragons,donkeys,unicorns…)

● Startwithcasual,friendlyconversations● Dofood● Sharesomethinguseful● Askpeopleinotherroles/teamsto

participate,sharetheirknowledgeKatrinaClokie hasexcellenttipsinAPracticalGuidetoTestinginDevOps

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Cross-disciplinepairing,mobbing

Picture from Mob Programming Guidebook, MaaretPyhäjärvi and Llewellyn Falco

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“Stoptheline”mentality- fromToyota

● Everyemployeeontheassemblylinehasaresponsibilityto“stoptheline”whentheyseeadefect● Benefitofwholeteamapproach

● Pushingthe“bigredbutton”isaninvestmentthatleadstoimprovements:○ Knowledgesharing○ Cost,speed○ Reliability

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Learningfromproductionuse

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Monitoring,observing

● Testinginproductionisanecessity● Bigdataandthetoolstomonitoritarehere● ANI,MLallowustoprocessthedata● Needabilitytorespondquicklytopainpoints● Teamdisciplinetorespondtoalerts● Usagetrendscaninspirenewfeatures● “Learningreleases”aka“MVP”● A/B,betatesting

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Exposurecontrol

● Yourteamneedstomasterfeaturetoggles!● Dogfooding,canaryrelease,stagedrollout,darklaunch

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HowDOwefitinallthosedifferenttypesoftesting?● Thosefeaturetoggles● Developersexploratorytest&moreatstorylevel● Storiesforalltypesoftestingatfeature/epiclevelgointo

thebacklogwithfeaturestories● ExploratorytestchartersAND● A11y,i18n,security,reliability,performance… storiesgo

intothebacklogwithfeaturestories● Testerspair&mobwithdevs,designers,productpeople…● Anyonecanpickupatestingtask

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ImportantDevOpstopicsI’mnotcoveringtoday

● Infrastructureascode● Configurationmanagement● Containers● Cloud● Environmentmanagement● Infrastructuretesting… SeeContinuousDeliveryandAPracticalGuidetoTestinginDevOps

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● Collaboratingtocontinuouslyimprovepipelines,feedback● Wholeteamcommitment,engagement● Visualizetogether,experiment● Babysteps- it’saprocess● Not“shiftingleftorright”– it’sinfinite!

Succeeding with the whole team approach

Ellen Gottesdiener and Mary Gorman, Discover to Deliver

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Anymorequestions?

Whatwillyoutrywithyourownteam?

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Afewresources

• AgileTesting,MoreAgileTesting(LisaandJanet)• ContinuousDelivery:ReliableSoftwareReleasesThroughBuild,Test,and

DeploymentAutomation (JezHumble andDavidFarley)• APracticalGuidetoTestinginDevOps(KatrinaClokie)• Accelerate:TheScienceofLeanSoftwareandDevOps:BuildingandScaling

HighPerformingTechnologyOrganizations(NicoleForsgren,JezHumble,GeneKim)

• https://github.com/ahunsberger/TestSuiteDesign• CharityMajors’blog,lotsonmonitoring:https://charity.wtf/

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