solar thermal power plants by dr. irshad ahmed department of mechatronics, air university, e-9,...

Solar Thermal Power Plants

By Dr. Irshad Ahmed

Department of Mechatronics,Air University, E-9, Islamabad

Basic Needs of Man

1. Food

2. Fiber

3. Fabric

4. Fuel

EnvironmentEnvironment

Device

Use

EnvironmentEnvironment

Device

Use

EnvironmentEnvironment

Renewable energy Finite energy

Sink Sink

Current source of continuous Finite sourceEnergy flow of energy

Renewable energy supplies Conventional supplies

Examples

Source

Normal state

Initial intensity

Lifetime of supply

Cost of source

Cost of equipment

Variation and control

Location for use

Scale

Skills

Pollution and environment damage

Esthetics

Wind , Solar, biomass, tidal

Natural local environment

A current of energy. An income

Low intensity. dispersed: ~300 W/m2

Or less

Infinite

Free

High, commonly $2000

per KW capacity

Fluctuating: best controlled by change of load using

Site and society specific

Small scale economic, Large scale may present difficulties

Interdisciplinary and varied. Wide range of skills, Importance of bioscience and agriculture

Usually little environmental harm Local perturbations may be serious but usually acceptable

Coal, oil, gas

Concentrated stock

Static source of energy. Capital

Released at ~100 kW/m2 and

More

Finite

Increasingly expensive.>$0.1

Per KWh

Moderate, commonly $500 per

Capacity

Steady, best controlled by adjusting source with feedback controlGeneral and international use

Increased scale often improves supply costs, large scale frequently favored

Strong links with electrical and mechanical engineering. Narrow range of skills

Environment pollution common especially of air and water

Small structure may produce little Esthetics difficulty.

able 1.1 Comparison of renewable and conventional energy system.

Solar Radiation

Solar Radiation

SensibleHeating

Latent Heat Potential Energy

Kinetic Energy

Photosynthesis

Geothermal

Geothermal

Heat

Gravitational Orbital motion

Gravitational Orbital motion

Tides

From

Earth

Planetary motion

From 3Tidal power

Geothermal

installations30

Biofuels

Wind and wave

conversion

Hydropower

Solar radiation

Infrared radiation to space80,000

40,000

300

30

30

to space Reflected

50000

120000

Absorbed

Status of GHG Emissions

ELECTRICITY INSTALLED CAPACITY IN PAKISTAN

ELECTRICITY SUPPLY AND DEMAND IN PAKISTAN

ELECTRICITY SUPPLY AND DEMAND FOR PAKISTAN

PAKISTAN’S POWER DEMAND AND SUPPLY

SOLAR RADIATION IN PAKISTAN

SOLAR CELL TECHNOLOGIES

SOLAR CELL, MODULE, ARRAY

PN JUNCTION OF A SOLAR CELL

SOLAR CELL FUNCTION

I-V CHARACTERISTIC CURVE OF A SOLAR CELL

SOLAR CELL EFFICIENCIES

COST OF ELECTRICITY FROM DIFFERENT SOURCES

PV TECHNOLOGY PERFORMANCE

SOLAR IRRIGATION PUMP

PV PUMP WITH SPRINKLER IRRIGATION

GRID CONNECTED PV POWER

LARGE PV SOLAR POWER PLANTS

a

Name of PV power plant

Country Nominal Power

(MWp)

GW·h /year

Capacity factor

Notes

Olmedilla Photovoltaic Park

Spain 55[38] 85[36] 0.16 Siliken crystalline silicon modules. Completed September 2008

Strasskirchen Solar Park

Germany 54

Lieberose Photovoltaic Park [39][40]

Germany 53 53[40] 0.11 700'000 First Solar CdTe modules, opened 2009[41]

Puertollano Photovoltaic Park

Spain 47.6 231'653 crystalline silicon modules, Suntech and Solaria, opened 2008

Moura photovoltaic power station[42]

Portugal 46 93[42] 0.23 Completed December 2008

Kothen Solar Park Germany 45 2009

Finsterwalde Solar Park

Germany 41 2009

Waldpolenz Solar Park[43][44]

Germany 40 40[44] 0.11 550,000 First Solar thin-film CdTe modules. Completed December 2008