skeletal system

SKELETAL SYSTEMPrepared by:

MARICARR D. ALEGRE

FUNCTIONS

• It gives support to the body• Protects the internal organs• Make the body movement possible

through the help of the muscles• It store and releases important mineral • It produces millions of red blood cells

every second of your life

• The human body has 206 bones, which may be grouped as follows:

I. Axial Skeleton

1. Skull2. Backbone3. Rib Cage

II. Appendicular Skeleton1. Bones of the forelimb2. Shoulder girdle3. Bones of the hind limbs4. Pelvic girdle

OSTEOLOGY

• The study of the bones which make up the skeletal system

BONES• The most complex and most versatile of all the

tissues• They have blood vessels, lymphatic vessels

and nerve tissues• They are also composed of 2/3 inorganic

mineral- calcium phosphate and 1/3 organic animal matter- a gelatinlike, elastic substance called collagen

• They are also hard yet flexible

COLLAGEN

PERIOSTEUM

• A tough membrane that surrounds and protects the bones

• It also holds the muscles in place and produces the bone forming cells

COMPACT BONE

• A hard, dense material beneath the periosteum

• It gives the bone the much needed strength to carry heavy objects

OSTEOCYTES

• Another term for bone cells• It make up the

compact bone

HAVERSIAN CANALS

• Concentric rings in which the osteocytes are arranged

SPONGY BONE

• Located at the end of the bone knob

• It makes the bone knob light

BONE MARROW

• Soft inner part of the bone

• Rich in nerves and blood vessels

• 2 types– Red marrow– Yellow marrow

CARTILAGE

• A softer version of the hard bone

JOINTS

BALL AND SOCKET JOINT

• One in which the rounded surface of one bone moves within a cup-shaped depression in another bone

• It allows the bone to rotate our arm 360 degrees

HINGE JOINT

• Allows movement in only plane- forward and backward

PIVOT JOINT

• It allows to rotate 180 degrees

SUTURE JOINT

• Immovable

GLIDING JOINT

• The surfaces of adjoining joint are flat