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A-CCPAerosols and Clouds-Convection-Precipitation Study
Science and Applications Traceability Matrix
PublicReleaseA19February2019
NotetoExternalReviewers:Pleaseusethison-lineformtoprovideyourcomments:https://goo.gl/forms/RbSbNez4lNjjEjun2
A-CCP SATM Navigation Map
Goal1-CloudFeedbacks
Goal2-StormDynamics
Goal3-FallingSnowOverarchingA-
CCPGoal
O5Geophys.Vars.
O2Geophys.Vars.
O3Geophys.Vars.
O8Geophys.Vars.
O9Geophys.Vars.
O6Geophys.Vars.
O4Geophys.Vars.
O7Geophys.Vars.
O10Geophys.Vars.
ClickonBlueLinesorText
Linksto:❑ GeophysicalVariableTables❑ EnabledApplicationTables❑ DecadalSurveyTables❑ Acronyms
WorkinProgress
O1-Observables
O5-Observables
O2-Observables
O3-Observables
O4-Observables
O6-Observables
O7-Observables
O8-Observables
O9-Observables
O10-Observables
Goal4-AerosolProcesses
Goal5-AerosolRad.Forcing
Objective5–AerosolRedistribution
Objective1–LowClouds
Objective2–HighClouds
Objective3–ConvectiveStorms
Objective8–AbsorbingAerosols
Objective9–AerosolDirectEffect
Objective6–AerosolAttribution
Objective4–FallingSnowProcesses
Objective7–AirQuality
Objective10–AerosolIndirectEffect
O1Geophys.Vars.
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Overarching GoalOverarchingA-CCPGoal A+CC
PA CCP
2017DSMostImportantVeryImportant
Goals
Understandtheprocessingofwaterandaerosolthroughtheatmosphereanddevelopthe
societalapplicationsenabledfromthisunderstanding.
C-2a,C-2g,W-1a,W-2a
G1CloudFeedbacks
Reducetheuncertaintyinlow-andhigh-cloudclimatefeedbacksbyadvancingourabilitytopredictthepropertiesoflowandhighclouds.
C-2g,C-5c,H-1b,W-1a,W-2a,W-4a
G2StormDynamics
Improveourphysicalunderstandingandmodelrepresentationsofcloud,precipitationanddynamicalprocesseswithinstorms.
H-1b,H-1c,W-1a,S-4a
G3FallingSnow
Toadvanceunderstandingofitsroleincryospheric-climatefeedbacks,quantifytherateoffallingsnow,particularlyatmiddletohighlatitudes.
W-1a,W-5a,C-5a
G4AerosolProcesses
Reduceuncertaintyinkeyprocessesthatlinkaerosolstoweather,climateandairqualityrelatedimpacts.
D
C-2h,C-5c G5AerosolRadiativeForcing
ReducetheuncertaintyinDirect(D)andIndirect(I)aerosol-relatedradiativeforcingoftheclimatesystem.I
Goalonlyfullyrealizableviacombinedmission. AorCCPmakesmeaningfulcontributiontogoal
�3
Goal 1: Cloud FeedbacksA+CCP
A CCP Goal OverarchingScienceQuestions Objectives
G1CloudFeedbacks
Reducetheuncertaintyinlow-andhigh-cloudclimatefeedbacksbyadvancingourabilitytopredictthepropertiesoflowandhighclouds
1)Towhatextentcanthepropertiesoflowcloudsbedeterminedbyenvironmentalfactors?
2)2)Howdothepropertiesandformationofhighcloudsrelateto(i)deepconvectionand(ii)large-scaleenvironmentalfactors?
O1LowClouds
Minimum:Determinethesensitivityofboundarylayerbulkcloudphysicalandradiativepropertiestolarge-scaleandlocalenvironmentalfactorsincludingthermodynamicanddynamicproperties.
Enhanced:AddstoMinimumcloudmicrophysicalpropertiesandenhancedbulkcloudproperties.O2HighClouds
Minimum:1) Relatetheverticalstructure,horizontalextent,icewaterpath,and
radiativepropertiesofconvectivelygeneratedhighcloudstoconvectiveverticaltransport
2) Relatetheverticalstructure,horizontalextent,icewaterpath,andradiativepropertiesoflargescalehighcloudstoenvironmentalfactors.
Enhanced:AddstoMinimummicrophysicalpropertiesoficeclouds.
�4
Goal 2: Storm DynamicsA+CCP
A CCP Goal OverarchingScienceQuestion Objectives
G2StormDynamics
Improveourphysicalunderstandingandmodelrepresentationsofcloud,precipitationanddynamicalprocesseswithinstorms.
Howdodifferentconvectivestormsystemscontributetotheverticalmixingandtransportsofheat,water,andotherconstituentswithintheatmosphereandhowdothesetransportsrelatetothecloudandprecipitationpropertiesofstorms?
O3ConvectiveStorms
Minimum:Relateverticalmotionwithinconvectivestormsanditscloud-andprecipitation-structurestoa)stormlifecycle,b)localenvironmentthermodynamicandkinematicfactorssuchastemperature,humidity,andverticalwindshear,c)ambientaerosols,andd)surfaceproperties.
Enhanced:Relateverticalmotionwithinconvectivestormsandotherstormtypesandtheircloud-andprecipitation-structurestoa)latentheatingprofiles,b)stormlifecycle,c)localenvironmentthermodynamicandkinematicfactorssuchastemperature,humidity,andverticalwindshear,d)ambientaerosols,ande)surfaceproperties.
�5
Goal 3: Falling SnowA+CCP
A CCP Goal OverarchingScienceQuestions Objectives
G3FallingSnow
Toadvanceunderstandingofitsroleincryospheric-climatefeedbacks,quantifytherateoffallingsnow,particularlyatmiddletohighlatitudes.
1) Whatlarge-andmesoscalefactorsdeterminethearealextentandintensityofsnowfall.
2)2) Towhatextentdocloudsand
precipitationinfluencethesurfacemassandenergybalancesatEarth’sicecoveredsurface?
O4FallingSnowProcesses
Minimum:Detectandquantifyverticalprofilesoffallingsnowrateandrelatethesetocloudphysicalproperties,meteorologicalforcingandregime,orography,andlandsurfaceproperties.
Enhanced:EnhancementofMinimumwithanadditionalfocusonthesurfaceenergybalanceparticularlyathigherlatitudes.
�6
Goal 4: Aerosol ProcessesA+CCP
A CCP Goal OverarchingScience
Questions Objectives
G4AerosolProcesses
Reduceuncertaintyinkeyprocessesthatlinkaerosolstoweather,climateandairqualityrelatedimpacts.
1)1) Whatarethemajor
anthropogenicandnaturalsourcesofaerosolandhowdotheyvaryspatiallyandtemporally?
2)2) Whatarethefactors
thatrelateAODtosurfacePMconcentrations?
3)3) Towhatextentdoes
long-rangetransportofsmoke,dust,andotherparticulatesimpactregionalnear-surfaceairquality?
O5AerosolRedistribution
Minimum:Characterizetheremovalandredistributionofaerosolsbycloudsandlightprecipitation(<2mm/hr).
Enhanced:Characterizetheremovalandredistributionofaerosolsbycloudsandheavyprecipitation(>2mm/hr).
O6AerosolAttributionMinimum:Determineaerosolspeciationtoquantifythecontributionsofdifferentaerosoltypestoobservedaerosolpropertiesandimproveemissionestimatesofthedifferentaerosolsources.
Enhanced:Characterizechangesinaerosolamountsandpropertiesoverspaceandtimeintermsof3Dtransportandspatiallyresolvedemissionsources.
O7AirQuality
Minimum:Enhanceunderstandingoftheprocessescontrollingboundarylayerandnearsurfacespeciatedextinctionasmeanstoconstrainairqualitypredictionsandestimatesofhumanhealthimpacts.
Enhanced:DeterminethespatialandtemporalvariationsinboundarylayerandnearsurfacespeciatedPMconcentrationsasmeanstoconstrainairqualitypredictionsandestimatesofhumanhealthimpacts. �7
Goal 5: Aerosol Rad. ForcingA+CCP
A CCP Goal OverarchingScienceQuestions Objectives
G5AerosolRadiativeForcing
ReducetheuncertaintyinDirect(D)andIndirect(I)aerosol-relatedradiativeforcingoftheclimatesystem.
1) WhatistheroleofabsorbingaerosolsintheEarth’sradiationbudget?
2)2) Howdochangesin
anthropogenicaerosolsaffectEarth’sradiationbudgetandoffsetthewarmingduetogreenhousegases?
3)3) Underwhatconditionsdo
aerosolsimpactthealbedoorcoverageofshallowclouds?
O8AbsorbingAerosolsMinimum:QuantifytheimpactofabsorbingaerosolontheEarth’sradiativebalanceatTOAandsurface,andonatmosphericstability.Enhanced:Quantifytheimpactofabsorbingaerosolsonverticallyresolvedradiativeheatingrates.
O9AerosolDirectEffectMinimum:Reduceuncertaintiesinestimatesofglobalmeanclearandall-skyshortwavedirectradiativeeffects(DRE)to±1.2W/m2atTOAand±0.6W/m2atsurfacewithcommensurateimprovementsinregionalestimatesofDREandanthropogenicaerosolradiativeforcing.Enhanced:Quantifyverticallyresolvedaerosolradiativeforcings.
O10AerosolIndirectEffectMinimum:Provideprocesslevelconstraintsonaerosol-warmcloudinteractionsasameanstoconstrainestimatesofaerosolindirectradiativeforcings.Enhanced:Provideprocesslevelconstraintsonaerosol-coldcloudinteractionsasameanstoconstrainestimatesofaerosolindirectradiativeforcing.
�8
Obj 1: Low CloudsA CC
P
ODO
POR PEA# GeophysicalVariables Qualifiers
Minimum
√ S (√) 1 Cloudliquidwaterpath
√ S (√) 1,2,7,9 Cloudopticaldepth
√ S (√) 1,2,7,9,15 Clouddropleteffectiveradius
√ √ S (√) 1,2,7,9,15,16
Cloudtopphase
√ √ (√) 1,2,7,9,15,16
Cloudtopheight
√ S (√) 1,2,7,9,15 Arealcloudfraction
√ (√) Precipitationphase
√ (√) 1,15,16 Precipitationrateprofile <2mm/hr
√ (√) PBLheight
√ Synopticscalemotion
√ Environmentalthermodynamicprofiles
√ (√) Cloudalbedo Derived
Enhanced(=Minimum+)
√ 1,2 Clouddropletconcentration Layer
√ √ 1,2,7,9, Cloudbaseheight
√ (√) 1 Totalwaterpath
√ 1, Volumetriccloudfraction
√ 1,2,7 Diurnallyresolvedcloudcover
S (√) Surfaceturbulentfluxes(landandocean)
A+CCP
A CCP Objectives
O1LowClouds
Minimum:Determinethesensitivityofboundarylayerbulkcloudphysicalandradiativepropertiestolarge-scaleandlocalenvironmentalfactorsincludingthermodynamicanddynamicproperties.
Enhanced:AddstoMinimumcloudmicrophysicalpropertiesandenhancedbulkcloudproperties.
�9
A+CCPPotentialEnabledApplications
PEA1Weather,agriculture,energyandairqualitymodeling(NWPcenters,USDA,IBM,AFWA,PrivateCompanies)
PEA2Issuingalertsoffog/vog(airqualityandweathercommunities)PEA7Cloudevolutionforaviationandweatherprediction(FAA,DoD,DoE,NOAA)PEA9Icingandvisibilityhazardsforaviationindustry(FAA,AFWA,Airlines,NOAA)PEA15Stormwarningsforlightningandseverestormdevelopment(AFWA,NWS,
andNWPmodelingcommunities)PEA16Forecastingsnowandmixedprecipitationevents(NWPmodeling
communities,privateweathercompanies)
Legend:√Neededtomeetobjective,(√)FromPoRbutinsufficienttomeetobjective,SComplimentaryobservationfromSBG,MComplimentaryobservationfromMC
Obj 2: High CloudsA+CCP
ACCP Objectives
O2HighClouds
Minimum:1) Relatetheverticalstructure,horizontal
extent,icewaterpath,andradiativepropertiesofconvectivelygeneratedhighcloudstoconvectiveverticaltransport
2) Relatetheverticalstructure,horizontalextent,icewaterpath,andradiativepropertiesoflargescalehighcloudstoenvironmentalfactors.
Enhanced:AddstoThresholdmicrophysicalpropertiesoficeclouds.
A CCP
ODO
POR PEA# GeophysicalVariables Qualifiers
Minimum
√ √ S (√) Icewaterpath
√ √ S (√) 9,10,15 Cloudopticaldepth
√ √ 9,10,15 Cloudbaseheight
√ √ (√) 9,10,15 Cloudtopheight
√ (√) 9,10,15 Cloudtoptemperature
√ 9,10,15 Cloudarealextent
√ 10 Diurnallyresolvedcloudcoverandcloudtopheight
√ 10,15Verticalairvelocity Above5km,>2
m/s
√ √ 9,10,15 Cloudverticalstructure
√ 9,10,15 Meltinglayerdetection(baseandtopheight)
√ 15 Cloudlifecyclecategories
√ Synopticscalemotion
√ Cloudradiativeeffects,SWLW
√ 10,15 Environmentalthermodynamicprofiles
Enhanced(=Minimum+)
√ √ 9,10,15 Icecrystalnumberconcentration Layer
√ √ S 9,10,15 Bulkcrystalsize,includingeffectiveradius
√ √ 9,10,15 Convectivecloudcover
√ (√) 9,10,15 Cloudverticalstructure Inconvection
√ √ Verticalprofileofradiativeheating
�10
A+CCPPotentialEnabledApplications
PEA9Icingandvisibilityhazardsforaviationindustry(FAA,AFWA,Airlines,NOAA)
PEA10Characterizationofhaileventsanddamage(NWPcommunities,reinsurance,andagriculturalcommunities)
PEA15Stormwarningsforlightningandseverestormdevelopment(AFWA,NWS,andNWPmodelingcommunities)
Legend:√Neededtomeetobjective,(√)FromPoRbutinsufficienttomeetobjective,SComplimentaryobservationfromSBG,MComplimentaryobservationfromMC
Obj 3: Convective StormsA CC
P
ODO
POR PEA# GeophysicalVariables Qualifiers
Minimum
√ 3,4,10,12-15 Verticalairvelocity Above5km,>2m/s
√ √ (√) 3,4,6,7,8,10,15,16 Cloudtopheight
√ (√) 3,4,6,7,8,10,15,16 Cloudtoptemperature
√ (√) 3,4 Icewaterpath
√ (√) 3,4,7,12-15 Convectiveclassification
√ 3,4,6,7,15 Cloudlifecyclecategories
√ Diurnallyresolvedcloudcoverandcloudtopheight
√ (√) 3,4,6,8,11-16 Precipitationrateprofile
√ (√) 3,4,15 Cloudverticalstructure Inconvection,abovemeltinglayer
√ (√) 3,4,10,15,16 Meltinglayerdetection(baseandtopheight)
√ (√) 4,7,10,15 Stratiform/convectiveprecipitationdiscrimination
√ 3,4,6 Aerosolextinctionprofile
√ S (√) AOD Column,PBL
√ Synopticscalemotion Environmentalshear
√ Environmentalthermodynamicprofiles
Enhanced(=Minimum+)
√ (√) 3,4,8 Latentheatingprofile
√ (√) 3,4,6,10-16 Precipitationphase
√ (√) 3,4,6,10,15,16 Precipitationparticlesize
√ 3,7,10,12-15 Convectivecoresize
√ 3,4 Aerosoleffectiveradius Profile
√ 3,4 Aerosolnon-sphericity Profile&column
√ 3,4 AAOD Profile
A+CCPPotentialEnabledApplications
PEA3-Aerosolsimpactonprecipitationandstormdevelopment(NOAA,NWPcenters,IBM)PEA4-Improvedmodelinitializationofaerosolsandseverestormdevelopment(NWPandmodelcomm.)PEA6-GeospatialAnalytics–Bigdataforplanetaryresourcesurveillance(Defense
department,publicandprivateindustry,IBM)PEA7-Cloudevolutionforaviationandweatherprediction(FAA,DoD,DoE,NOAA)PEA8-Cloudparameterizationsformodelinitiation(NWPandmodelingcommunities)PEA10–Characterizationofhaileventsanddamage(NWP,reinsurance,andagricultural)PEA11-Hydrologicmodeling,diseasetracking,animalmigration,insurancemodelingand
disasterapplications(CDC,NOAA,RedCross,WorldBank,public/privatesector)PEA12-Forecastingheavyrain,snow,floodingevents(NOAA,DoD,FAO,reinsurance)PEA13-Floodandlandslidemonitoringandforecastinginmountains(NOAA,FEMA,USGS)PEA14-Streamflow,flooding,drought,energy,andagriculturalmonitoringandmodeling
(USDA,Waterresourcemanagers)PEA15-Warningsforlightning,severestormdevelopment(NWPmodelingcommunities)PEA16-Forecastingsnow/mixedprecipitationevents(NWP,privateweathercompanies)
A+CCP
A CCP Objectives
O3ConvectiveStorms
Minimum:Relateverticalmotionwithinconvectivestormsanditscloud-andprecipitation-structurestoa)stormlifecycle,b)localenvironmentthermodynamicandkinematicfactorssuchastemperature,humidity,andverticalwindshear,c)ambientaerosols,andd)surfaceproperties.
Enhanced:Relateverticalmotionwithinconvectivestormsandotherstormtypesandtheircloud-andprecipitation-structurestoa)latentheatingprofiles,b)stormlifecycle,c)localenvironmentthermodynamicandkinematicfactorssuchastemperature,humidity,andverticalwindshear,d)ambientaerosols,ande)surfaceproperties.
�11
A+CCPPotentialEnabledApplications
PEA6-GeospatialAnalytics–Bigdataforplanetaryresourcesurveillance(Defensedepartment,publicandprivateindustry,IBM)
PEA11-Hydrologicmodeling,diseasetracking,animalmigration,insurancemodelinganddisasterapplications(CDC,NOAA,RedCross,WorldBank,public/privatecomp.)PEA12-Forecastingheavyrain,snow,floodingevents(NOAA,DoD,FAO,reinsurance)PEA13-Floodandlandslidemonitoringandforecastingwithinmountainenvironments
(modelingandemergencyresponsecommunities,NGOs,PDC)PEA14-Streamflow,flooding,drought,energy,andagriculturalmonitoringand
modeling(USDA,Waterresourcemanagers)PEA16-Forecastingsnow/mixedprecipitationevents(NWP,privateweather
companies)
Obj 4: Falling Snow ProcessesA+CCP
ACCP Objectives
O4FallingSnowProcesses
Minimum:Detectandquantifyverticalprofilesoffallingsnowrateandrelatethesetocloudphysicalproperties,meteorologicalforcingandregime,orography,andlandsurfaceproperties.
Enhanced:EnhancementofMinimumwithanadditionalfocusonthesurfaceenergybalanceparticularlyathigherlatitudes.
A CCP
ODO
POR PEA# GeophysicalVariables Qualifiers
Minimum
√ √ 6,16 Cloudtopheight
√ 6,16 Cloudtoptemperature
√ 6,11-14,16 Icewaterpath
√ M (√) 6,11-14,16 Surfaceornearsurfaceprecipitationrate
√ 11-14,16 Verticalairvelocity >2m/s
√ (√) 6,11-14,16 Precipitationrateprofile
√ 16 Cloudliquidwaterpath
√ (√) 6,11-14,16 Surfaceornearsurfaceprecipitationphase
√ Synopticscalemotion
√ Environmentalthermodynamicprofiles
Enhanced(=Minimum+)
√ 16 Bulksnowparticlesize
√ 11-14,16 Snowfallvertical(Doppler)motion <1m/s
√ 6 Volumetriccloudfraction
√ S 6,16 Cloudphase
√ 6,16 Blowingsurfacesnow
√ S (√) 6,16 Cloudopticaldepth
√ Watervaporadvection
√ √ √ Cloudradiativeeffects,LW&SW
√ √ √ Surfaceradiationbudget �12Legend:√Neededtomeetobjective,(√)FromPoRbutinsufficienttomeetobjective,SComplimentaryobservationfromSBG,MComplimentaryobservationfromMC
Obj 5: Aerosol RedistributionA+CCP
A CCP
Objectives
O5AerosolRedistribution
Minimum:Characterizetheremovalandredistributionofaerosolsbycloudsandlightprecipitation(<2mm/hr).
Enhanced:Characterizetheremovalandredistributionofaerosolsbycloudsandheavyprecipitation(>2mm/hr).
A CCP
ODO
POR PEA# GeophysicalVariables Qualifiers
Minimum
√ 3,4,5 Aerosolextinctionprofile
√ S (√) 3,4,5 AOD
√ (√) 1,3,4 Cloudliquidwaterpath
√ √ (√) 1,3,4,5 Cloudtopheight
√ S (√) 1,3,4,5 Cloudopticaldepth
√ S (√) 1,3,4,5 Clouddropleteffectiveradius
√ (√) 1,3,4 Surfaceornearsurfaceprecipitationrate <2mm/hr
√ (√) 1,3,4 Precipitationphase
√ (√) 1,3,4 Precipitationrateprofile
√ Synoptic-scalemotion
√ Environmentalthermodynamicprofiles
√ (√) PBLheight
Enhanced(=Minimum+)
√ 3,4,5 Finemodeaerosolextinctionprofile
√ Angstromexponent Column
√ (√) 1,3,4 Surfaceornearsurfaceprecipitationrate >2mm/hr
√ 1,3,4,5 Volumetriccloudfraction
√ 1,3,4.5 Verticalairvelocity >2m/s
√ (√) 1,3,4,5 Meltinglayerdetection(baseandtopheight)
�13
A+CCPPotentialEnabledApplications
PEA1-Weather,agriculture,energyandairqualitymodeling(NWPcenters,USDA,IBM,AFWA,PrivateCompanies)
PEA3-Modeling/forecastingimpactofaerosolsonprecipitationandstormdevelopment(NOAA,NWPcenters,IBM)
PEA4-Improvedmodelinitializationofaerosolsandseverestormdevelopment(NWPandmodelcomm.)
PEA5-Estimateradiativefluxesforairqualitymodeling,solarinsolation,andagriculturalforecasting.
Legend:√Neededtomeetobjective,(√)FromPoRbutinsufficienttomeetobjective,SComplimentaryobservationfromSBG,MComplimentaryobservationfromMC
A+CCPPotentialEnabledApplications
PEA1-Weather,agriculture,energyandairqualitymodeling(NWPcenters,USDA,IBM,AFWA,PrivateCompanies)
PEA2-Issuingalertsoffog/vog(airqualityandweathercommunities)PEA6-GeospatialAnalytics–Bigdataforplanetaryresourcesurveillance
(Defensedepartment,publicandprivateindustry,IBM)PEA17–Sourceattributionofpollution(EPA,NOAA,stateAQagencies)PEA18–Aviationindustryandsafety(FAA,VAACs,privateindustry:GE,
P&W,RR,NG)PEA19–Wildfiremanagement(EPA,NOAA,StateAQagencies)PEA20–Humanhealthstudies&healthriskestimation(CDC,WHO,NIH,
universities,reinsuranceindustry)PEA21–AQrule-making(EPA,stateAQagencies)PEA22–Operationalweather&AQforecasting(NOAA,stateAQagencies)
Obj 6: Aerosol AttributionA+CCP
A CCP
Objectives
O6AerosolAttributionMinimum:Determineaerosolspeciationtoquantifythecontributionsofdifferentaerosoltypestoobservedaerosolpropertiesandimproveemissionestimatesofthedifferentaerosolsources.
Enhanced:Characterizechangesinaerosolamountsandpropertiesoverspaceandtimeintermsof3Dtransportandspatiallyresolvedemissionsources.
A CCP
ODO
POR PEA# GeophysicalVariables Qualifiers
Minimum
√ 1,2,6,17-19,21,22
Aerosolextinctionprofile Totalandnon-spherical
√ 1,2,6,17-19 Aerosollayerheight
√ S (√) 1,6,19-22 AOD PBLandcolumn
√ 6,19,20 AAOD/SSA PBLandcolumn
√ 6,19,20,22 FinemodeAOD PBLandcolumn
√ (√) 17-20 Angstromexponent PBLandcolumn
√ (√) 17-20 Indexofrefraction Column
√ 17-20 Aerosolnon-sphericity Profile&column
√ (√) 1,2,6,19-22 PBLheight
√ Environmentalthermodynamicprofiles
Enhanced(=Minimum+)
√ 17,19,21,22 Aerosoleffectiveradius Profile
√ 17,19,21,22 Angstromexponent Profile
√ 17,19 AAOD Profile
√ 17,19,21,22 Finemodeaerosolextinction Profile
√ Synopticscalemotion
√ 22 Verticalairvelocity >2m/s �14Legend:√Neededtomeetobjective,(√)FromPoRbutinsufficienttomeetobjective,SComplimentaryobservationfromSBG,MComplimentaryobservationfromMC
Obj 7: Air QualityA+CCP
ACCP Objectives
O7AirQuality
Minimum:Enhanceunderstandingoftheprocessescontrollingboundarylayerandnearsurfacespeciatedextinctionasmeanstoconstrainairqualitypredictionsandestimatesofhumanhealthimpacts.
Enhanced:DeterminethespatialandtemporalvariationsinboundarylayerandnearsurfacespeciatedPMconcentrationsasmeanstoconstrainairqualitypredictionsandestimatesofhumanhealthimpacts.
A CCPODO
POR PEA# GeophysicalVariables Qualifiers
Minimum
√ 6,19,21,22Aerosolextinctionprofile Totalandnon-
spherical
√ 6,17,19,21,22 Aerosollayerheight
√ S (√) 6,21,22 AOD PBLandcolumn
√ 6,17,21,22 AAOD/SSA PBLandcolumn
√ 6,17,19,21,22 FinemodeAOD PBLandcolumn
√ (√) 6,17,19,21,22 Angstromexponent PBLandcolumn
√ (√) 6,17,19,20,21,22
Indexofrefraction Column
√ 6,17,20,21,22 Aerosolnon-sphericity Profile&column
√ √ 6,17,20,21,22 PBLheight
√ Environmentalthermodynamicprofiles
Enhanced(=Minimum+)
√ (√) 17,19,20,21 PMconcentration
√ 17,19,20,21 Aerosoleffectiveradius Profile
√ 17,19,20,21 Angstromexponent Profile
√ 17,19 AAOD Profile
√ 17,19,20,21 Finemodeaerosolextinctionprofile
√ Precursorgasconcentration�15
A+CCPPotentialEnabledApplications
PEA6–GeospatialAnalytics–Bigdataforplanetaryresourcesurveillance(IBM,WeatherUnderground,etc.)
PEA17–Sourceattributionofpollution(EPA,NOAA,stateAQagencies)
PEA19–Wildfiremanagement(EPA,NOAA,StateAQagencies)PEA20–Humanhealthstudies&healthriskestimation(CDC,WHO,
NIH,universities,reinsuranceindustry)PEA21–AQrule-making(EPA,stateAQagencies)PEA22–Operationalweather&AQforecasting(NOAA,stateAQagencies)
Legend:√Neededtomeetobjective,(√)FromPoRbutinsufficienttomeetobjective,SComplimentaryobservationfromSBG,MComplimentaryobservationfromMC
what can we expect/use from PoR?
Obj 8: Absorbing AerosolsA+CCP
A CCP
Objectives
O8AbsorbingAerosolsMinimum:QuantifytheimpactofabsorbingaerosolontheEarth’sradiativebalanceatTOAandsurface,andonatmosphericstability.Enhanced:Quantifytheimpactofabsorbingaerosolsonverticallyresolvedradiativeheatingrates.
A CCP
ODO
POR PEA# GeophysicalVariables Qualifiers
Minimum
√ 3,6,20-22
Aerosolextinctionprofile
√ 3,6,17,20-22
Aerosollayerheight
√ S (√) 1,3,6,20-22
AOD PBLandcolumn
√ 17,20-22
AAOD PBLandcolumn
√ Environmentalthermodynamicprofiles
√ Surfacealbedo
√ 1,22 Cloudreflectance
√ √ (√) 1,22 Cloudtopheight
√ 1,22 TOAandsurfaceradiativefluxes(derived)
Enhanced(=Minimum+)
√ 3,6,20 Aerosolabsorptioncoefficientprofile
�16
A+CCPPotentialEnabledApplications
PEA1-Weather,agriculture,energyandairqualitymodeling(NWPcenters,USDA,IBM,AFWA,PrivateCompanies)
PEA3-Aerosolsimpactonprecipitationandstormdevelopment(NOAA,NWPcenters,IBM)PEA6–GeospatialAnalytics–Bigdataforplanetaryresource
surveillance(IBM,WeatherUnderground,etc.)PEA17–Sourceattributionofpollution(EPA,NOAA,stateAQagencies)PEA20–Humanhealthstudies&healthriskestimation(CDC,WHO,
NIH,universities,reinsuranceindustry)PEA21–AQrule-making(EPA,stateAQagencies)PEA22Operationalweather&AQforecasting(NOAA,stateAQ
agencies)
Legend:√Neededtomeetobjective,(√)FromPoRbutinsufficienttomeetobjective,SComplimentaryobservationfromSBG,MComplimentaryobservationfromMC
A+CCPPotentialEnabledApplications
PEA5–Estimateradiativefluxesforairqualitymodeling,solarinsolation,andagriculturalforecasting.–(EPA,CMAQ,WRFChem)PEA6–GeospatialAnalytics–Bigdataforplanetaryresourcesurveillance(IBM,WeatherUnderground,etc.)PEA17–Sourceattributionofpollution(EPA,NOAA,stateAQagencies)PEA20–Humanhealthstudies&healthriskestimation(CDC,WHO,NIH,
universities,reinsuranceindustry)PEA21–AQrule-making(EPA,stateAQagencies)PEA22–Operationalweather&AQforecasting(NOAA,stateAQagencies)
Obj 9: Aerosol Direct EffectA+CCP
ACCP Objectives
O9AerosolDirectEffectMinimum:Reduceuncertaintiesinestimatesofglobalmeanclearandall-skyshortwavedirectradiativeeffects(DRE)to±1.2W/m2atTOAand±1.6W/m2atsurfacewithcommensurateimprovementsinregionalestimatesofDREandanthropogenicaerosolradiativeforcing.Enhanced:Quantifyverticallyresolvedaerosolradiativeforcings.
A CCP
ODO
POR PEA# GeophysicalVariables Qualifiers
Minimum
√ 6,17,20,21,22 Aerosolextinctionprofile
√ 6,17,21,22 Aerosollayerheight
√ Non-sphericalaerosolextinctionprofile
√ S (√) 5,6,17,21,22 AOD Column
√ (√) 6,17,21,22 AAOD Column
√ (√) 5,6,17,21,22 FinemodeAOD Column
√ (√) 6,17,21,22 Angstromexponent Column
√ (√) 6,17,21,22 Indexofrefraction Column
√ 17,21 Aerosolnon-sphericity Profile&column
√ Environmentalthermodynamicprofiles
√ Surfacealbedo
√ 5,6,22 Cloudreflectance
x √ 5,6,22 Cloudtopheight
√ √ √ 5,6,22 TOAandsurfaceradiativefluxes(derived)
Enhanced(=Minimum+)
√ 17,20,21 Aerosoleffectiveradius Profile
√ 17,20,21 Angstromexponent Profile
√ 5,17,20,21 Aerosolabsorptioncoefficientprofile �17Legend:√Neededtomeetobjective,(√)FromPoRbutinsufficienttomeetobjective,SComplimentaryobservationfromSBG,MComplimentaryobservationfromMC
Obj 10: Aerosol Indirect Effect (1/2)A+CCP
A CCP
Objectives
O10AerosolIndirectEffectMinimum:Provideprocesslevelconstraintsonaerosol-warmcloudinteractionsasameanstoconstrainestimatesofaerosolindirectradiativeforcings.Enhanced:Provideprocesslevelconstraintsonaerosol-coldcloudinteractionsasameanstoconstrainestimatesofaerosolindirectradiativeforcing.
(SeenextslideforEnhanced)
�18
A CCP
ODO POR PEA# GeophysicalVariables Qualifiers
Minimum
√ S (√) 6,17,21,22 AOD PBLandcolumn
√ 6,17,21,22 Angstromexponent PBLandcolumn
√ 6,17,21,22 FinemodeAOD PBLandcolumn
√ 6,17,21,22 Aerosolextinctionprofile
√ √ (√) 2,5,22 CloudLWP
√ (√) 2,5,22 Cloudopticaldepth
√ (√) 2,5,22 Clouddropleteffectiveradius
√ √ 2,5,22 Clouddropletconcentration Layer
√ 2,5,22 Cloudtopphase
√ x (√) 2,5,22 Cloudtopheight
√ √ 5 Arealcloudfraction
√ 5 Cloudreflectance
√ (√) Surfaceornearsurfaceprecipitationrate <2mm/hr
√ √ 6,17,20-22 PBLheight Lidarandreanalysis
√ Synopticscalemotion
√ Environmentalthermodynamicprofiles
A+CCPPotentialEnabledApplications
PEA2-Issuingalertsoffog/vog(airqualityandweathercommunities)PEA5–Estimateradiativefluxesforairqualitymodeling,solar
insolation,andagriculturalforecasting.–(EPA,CMAQ,WRFChem)
PEA6–GeospatialAnalytics–Bigdataforplanetaryresourcesurveillance(IBM,WeatherUnderground,etc.)
PEA17–Sourceattributionofpollution(EPA,NOAA,stateAQagencies)PEA20–Humanhealthstudies&healthriskestimation(CDC,WHO,
NIH,universities,reinsuranceindustry)PEA21–AQrule-making(EPA,stateAQagencies)PEA22–Operationalweather&AQforecasting(NOAA,stateAQ
agencies)
Legend:√Neededtomeetobjective,(√)FromPoRbutinsufficienttomeetobjective,SComplimentaryobservationfromSBG,MComplimentaryobservationfromMC
Obj 10: Aerosol Indirect Effect (2/2)A+CCP
ACCP Objectives
O10AerosolIndirectEffectMinimum:Provideprocesslevelconstraintsonaerosol-warmcloudinteractionsasameanstoconstrainestimatesofaerosolindirectradiativeforcings.Enhanced:Provideprocesslevelconstraintsonaerosol-coldcloudinteractionsasameanstoconstrainestimatesofaerosolindirectradiativeforcing.
A CCP
ODO
POR PEA# GeophysicalVariables Qualifiers
Enhanced(=Minimum+)
√ 6,17,20-22 PBLaerosolnumberconcentration
√ 6,17,20-22 Aerosoleffectiveradius PBL
√ √ 2,22 Clouddropletconcentration Layer
√ 2,22 Cloudtopextinction
2,22 Cloudtopdropletsize
2,22 Cloudtopdropletconcentration
√ √ 2,22 Cloudbaseheight
√ 17,22 Verticalairvelocity >1m/s
√ (√) 22 Precipitationphase
√ Diurnallyresolvedcloudcover
√ Surfaceturbulentfluxes(landandocean)
√ √ 6,22 Icecrystalnumberconcentration
√ √ 6,22 Icecrystalparticlesize
A+CCPPotentialEnabledApplications
PEA6–GeospatialAnalytics–Bigdataforplanetaryresourcesurveillance(IBM,WeatherUnderground,etc.)PEA17–Sourceattributionofpollution(EPA,NOAA,stateAQagencies)PEA20–Humanhealthstudies&healthriskestimation(CDC,WHO,
NIH,universities,reinsuranceindustry)PEA21–AQrule-making(EPA,stateAQagencies)PEA22–Operationalweather&AQforecasting(NOAA,stateAQagencies)
�19Legend:√Neededtomeetobjective,(√)FromPoRbutinsufficienttomeetobjective,SComplimentaryobservationfromSBG,MComplimentaryobservationfromMC
Geo. Vars: O1 Low Clouds (1/2)
!20
O1LowCloudsGeophysicalVariables
DesiredCapability
Observables NotesRange Precision/
Accuracy
Resolution
Δx Δz Swath
Minimum
Cloud LWP 20-400gm-2 20 gm-2 fp VIS + SWNIR reflection ~5%, µwave radiances NEΔT~ 3K matched to radar, radar reflectivity Z<-15dBZ
Uwave and optical based methods match under carefully prescribed conditions
Cloud optical depth 0.3-100 15% 20km VIS reflectance, ~3%
Cloud droplet effective radius
4-100 µm 2µm ~ 3 OD
20km VIS + SWNIR reflection ~ 3% Re is needed as deep into cloud as we can get - (~3 OD) for purpose of deriving LWP - 2.1um Re aPEArs to most optimally match uwave based LWP
Cloud top phase Liquid,Solid or mixed
30% ~ 1 OD
fp Polarized backscatter , Δβ>0.05km-1, SWNIR reflectance ~5%
also with DOLP
Cloud top height 0.5-15km 100m 100m fp VIS backscatter, Δβ>0.05km-1 Expect to address this this from lidar backscatter
Areal cloud fraction 0.05-1.00 5% N/A 20km VIS reflection ~5% Cloud amount matched radar/lidar footprints and will be used in diagnostic analysis
Precipitation phase Liquid,Solid or mixed
30% 5km N/A fp Z Bright band, ΔVr, polarimetric radar linear depolarization ratio (LDR; e.g., Ka > ~-15 dB), differential reflectivity ΔZ~2dBZ , dual-frequency ratio (snow index), polarimetric VIS backscatter , Δβ>??5km-1
Basic separation of liquid and frozen phases in stratiform is most straight forward.
Precipitation rate profile <2 mm/hr
PBL height <3 km 250 m GPS RO might be source
(continue…)
Geo. Vars: O1 Low clouds (2/2)
O1LowCloudsGeophysicalVariables
DesiredCapability
Observables NotesRange PrecisionA
ccuracy
Resolution
Δx Δz Swath
Minimum (continued)
Synoptic scale motion From met analysis
Environmental thermodynamic profiles
From met analysis
Cloud Albedo (derived) 0.1-0.8 5% absolute
5km N/A fp A calculated quantity with threshold inputs. Can then be cross calibrated with PoR (CERES & EVC)
Enhanced
Cloud droplet concentration 10-1000 cm-3
50% 1km VIS + SWNIR reflection ~5%, µwave radiances NEΔT~ 3K matched to radar, radar reflectivity Z<-15dBZ
We are advocating a completely new approach using cloud and precip data jointly.
Cloud base height 250 m-15 km
250 m 250m Radar reflectivity >35GHz
Total water path (cloud+precipitation)
20-400 gm-2
20 gm-2 1km N/A fp VIS + SWNIR reflection ~5%, µwave radiances NEΔT~ 3K matched to radar, radar reflectivity Z<-15dBZ
Volumetric cloud fraction
Diurnally resolved cloud cover 0.05-1.00 5% 5km N/A wide VIS reflection/IR - Geostationary from PoR For context only
Surface turbulent fluxes (land and ocean)
TBD - this is a link to SBG
!21
Geo. Vars: O2 High Clouds
!22
O2HighCloudsGeophysicalVariables
DesiredCapability
Observables NotesRange Precision
Accuracy
Resolution
Δx Δz Swath
Minimum
Enhanced
PlaceHo
lder
Geo. Vars: O3 Convective Storms
!23
O3ConvectiveStormsGeophysicalVariables
DesiredCapability
Observables NotesRange Precision
Accuracy
Resolution
Δx Δz Swath
Minimum
Enhanced
PlaceHo
lder
Geo. Vars: O4 Falling Snow Processes
!24
O4FallingSnowProcesses
GeophysicalVariables
DesiredCapability
Observables NotesRange Precision
Accuracy
Resolution
Δx Δz Swath
Minimum
Enhanced
PlaceHo
lder
Geo. Vars: O5 Aerosol Redistribution
O5AerosolRedistribution
GeophysicalVariables
DesiredCapability
Observables NotesRange Precision
Accuracy
Resolution
Δx Δz Swath
Minimum
Enhanced
PlaceHo
lder
Geo. Vars: O6 Aerosol Attribution
!26
O6AerosolAttributionGeophysicalVariables
DesiredCapability
Observables NotesRange Precision
Accuracy
Resolution
Δx Δz Swath
Minimum
Enhanced
PlaceHo
lder
Geo. Vars: O7 Air Quality
!27
O7AirQualityGeophysicalVariables
DesiredCapability
Observables NotesRange Precision
Accuracy
Resolution
Δx Δz Swath
Minimum
Enhanced
PlaceHo
lder
Geo. Vars: O8 Absorbing Aerosols
!28
O8AbsorbingAerosolsGeophysicalVariables
DesiredCapability
Observables NotesRange Precision
Accuracy
Resolution
Δx Δz Swath
Minimum
Enhanced
PlaceHo
lder
Geo. Vars: O9 Aerosol Direct Effect
!29
O9AerosolDirectEffect
GeophysicalVariables
DesiredCapability
Observables NotesRange Precision
Accuracy
Resolution
Δx Δz Swath
Minimum
Enhanced
PlaceHo
lder
Geo. Vars: O10 Aerosol Ind. Effect
!30
O10AerosolIndirectEffect
GeophysicalVariables
DesiredCapability
Observables NotesRange Precision
Accuracy
Resolution
Δx Δz Swath
Minimum
Enhanced
PlaceHo
lder
Enabled Applications: 1-8Enabled Applications: 1-8A+CCP
A CCP
PEA#
EnabledApplications Partners GeophysicalVariablesRelevant
Objective(s)
X 1Cloudandprecipitationpropertiesenabletheweatherpredictionandmodelingcommunitiestoimproveparameterizationsofcloudstoimproveweatherforecasting,energyplanning,airqualitymodeling,andagricultureforecasting.
NWPCenters(NOAA,NRL,ECMWF,JMA,NCAR),USDA,AFWA,IBM,PrivateCompanies
Cloudheight,depth,radius,amount,phase,precipitationrateandphase
O1,O5,O6,O8
X 2 Observationsofaerosolandcloudpropertiesusedbytheweatherandairqualitycommunitiestounderstandandissuealertsaboutthedevelopmentoffog/vog.
NOAA,NCAR,NASA,EPAandStateAgencies
Aerosolandcloudproperties O1,O6,O10
X 3Observationsofaerosolsandcloudsenabletheweatherforecastingandmodelingcommunitiestoimprovemodeling/forecastingtheimpactofaerosolsonprecipitationandstormdevelopment,includingcyclonesandhurricanes.
NOAA,NASA,NCAR,NWPmodelingcommunity,IBM
Aerosols,precipitation,andcloudproperties O3,O5,O8
X 4Observationsofaerosol,precipitationandcloudproperties,andverticalvelocitiesareusedtoimprovedmodelingofverticaltransport,scavenging,wetdeposition,andlinkstoiceparticlesandseverestormdevelopment.
NWS,NOAA,CTM,EPA,stateAQagencies,othermodelingcommunities
Verticalvelocity,aerosol,cloud,andprecipitationproperties O3,O5
X 5
Cloudandaerosolopticaldepthsareusedtoestimateradiativefluxesforapplicationssuchasestimatingavailablephotosyntheticallyactiveradiation(PAR)forairqualitymodeling,attenuatedsolarinsolationforsolarpowercompanies,andagriculturalforecasting.Solarpowercompaniesuseestimatesofsizeresolvedaerosolconcentrationsandprecipitationtomodeldryandwetdepositiononthepanels,respectively.
Airqualitymodelers(EPA,NOAA,stateagencies),solarenergycompanies,agriculturalcommunities
AerosolOpticalDepth,AerosolConcentrationProfiles,AerosolSpeciation,cloudproperties O5,O9,O10
X 6
Datafusiontechniquesthroughgeospatialanalyticsand“bigdata”managementrelyonaerosol,cloudandprecipitationpropertiestoprovidecontinuous,detailed,multidimensional,andglobalmonitoringasaninvaluabletoolforplanetaryresourcesurveillance.
Privateindustry(e.g.,IBM,WeatherUnderground),DefenseDepartment,publiccompanies(e.g.Marscorporation)
AerosolOpticalDepth,AerosolConcentrationProfiles,AerosolSpeciation,brightnesstemperatures,surfaceprecipitation
O3,O4,O6,O7,O8,O9,
O10
7 Observationsofcloudheightanddropletsenabletheaviationindustryandweatherpredictioncommunitytoimprovesituationalawarenessofcloudevolution.
NOAA,FAA,DoD,DoE Cloudphase,height,depth,radius,andamount
O1,O3
8Brightnesstemperatureandprecipitationratesenabletheweatherforecastingandmodelingcommunitiestoimprovestormtrackandintensityforecastsofhurricanesandseverestorms.
NOAA,NASA,NCAR,ECMWF,NRL,JTWC,andotherNWPcenters,IBM
Brightnesstemperature(Cloudtoptemperature)andprecipitationrates
O3
�31
Enabled Applications 9-16
A+CCP
ACCP
PEA#
EnabledApplications Partners GeophysicalVariablesRelevant
Objective(s)
9Estimatesoficecontent,opticaldepthandcloudheightareusedbytheaviationindustrytoinformrimeicing,threatstoengineperformance,andvisibilityhazards.
NOAA,FAA,AFWA,AirlinesIcecontent,opticaldepthandcloudheight
O1,O2
10Informationonmicrophysicalpropertiescaninformthedevelopmentofhaileventsandareusedbytheweatherforecasting,reinsuranceandagriculturalcommunitiestoforecastandasseshaileventsanddamage.
NOAA,reinsurance,andagriculturalcommunities
Microphysicalproperties(cloudphase,verticalmotion,radius)
O2,O3
11
Surfaceprecipitationobservationsareusedbyarangeofpublicandprivatecommunities,internationalanddomesticgovernmentalorganizationsandNGOsasinputsintohydrologicmodels,vectorandwaterbornediseasemodeling,animalmigrationtracking,insurancemodels,anddisastersapplications.
CDC,NOAA,RedCross,NASA,reinsurance,WorldBankandagriculturalcommunities,publicandprivatecompanies(e.g.,Johnson&Johnson,Agvesto,MiCRO)
Surfaceprecipitation O3,O4
12Observationsofsurfaceprecipitationrateareusedbytheweatherforecastcommunitytoanticipateheavyrain,snow,orfloodinginareaswithgapsintheinsituobservationalnetwork.
NOAA,RedCross,NASA,FAO,USArmy,reinsurancecommunity
Surfaceprecipitation O3,O4
13Estimatesofextremeandorographicallyenhancedprecipitationwithinmountainousregionsareusedbythehydrologicmodelingandemergencyresponsecommunitiesformodeling/estimatingfloodingandlandslidehazards.
NOAA,RedCross,NASA,reinsurancecommunity,hydrologicmodelingcommunities,RedCross,NGOs,PDC
Surfaceprecipitation O3,O4
14
Estimatesoftotalwatervolumeandlong-termsurfaceprecipitationobservationsarecriticalforwaterresourcemanagers,agriculturalcommunities,andenergycompaniesforestimatingstreamflow,floodingandinundationimpacts,assessingdroughtconditions,andmodeling/forecastingcropyields.
USDA,WaterResourceManagementcommunity
Surfaceprecipitation O3,O4
15Estimatesoficecontent,andverticalmotionareusedbytheweatherforecastandNWPmodelingcommunitiesasaproxyforlightninginitiationtoanticipateseverestormdevelopment.
NOAA,AFWA,NWPmodelingcommunities
icecontentandverticalmotion O1,O2,O3
Observationsofcloud/precipitationverticalstructure,surfaceprecipitationrate,andNOAA,NWPmodeling
Cloud/precipitationvertical�32
Enabling Applications 17-22
A+CCP
ACCP
PEA#
EnabledApplications Partners GeophysicalVariablesRelevant
Objective(s)
17Observationsofaerosolsareusedforsourceattributionofpollution,includinginterhemispherictransport.
FederalweatherandAQagencies(EPA,NOAA),stateAQagencies,othermodelingcommunities
AerosolOpticalDepth,AerosolConcentrationProfiles,AerosolSpeciation
O6,O9,O10
18
Observationsofaerosolsareusedtoestimateconcentrationsandlocationofvolcanicashandissueaviationsafetyalerts,whicharevitaltotheaviationcommunity.AircraftenginemanufacturersuseambientaerosolconcentrationdatatoassessimpactofPMonengineperformance.
AviationIndustry:FAA,VAACs,privateindustry(e.g.,GeneralElectric,PrattandWhitney,RollsRoyce,NorthropGrumman)
AerosolOpticalDepth,AerosolConcentrationProfiles,AerosolSpeciation O6
19Observationsofaerosolsareusedtoestimatewildfiresmokeinjectionheights,whichenablemoreaccurateinitializationofsmoketransportmodelsforimprovingairqualityforecastsandestimatingexposuretowildfirePMandco-emittedtracegaspollutants.
Wildfiremanagement:FederalAQagencies(EPA,NOAA,ForestService),stateAQagencies,othermodelingcommunities
AerosolOpticalDepth,AerosolConcentrationProfiles,AerosolSpeciation
O6,O7
20
Observationsofaerosolareusedtoinferspatio-temporalvariations&trendsofspeciatedsurface-levelPM(PM1,PM2.5,PM10),whichareusedforhealthstudies,suchastoassociatetheeffectsofexposuretoPMwithspecifichealthoutcomes,andtocalculatehealthrisksandlongevity.
Health:CDC,WHO,NIH,healthresearchersatuniversities(e.g.,GlobalBurdenofDisease),reinsuranceindustry
AerosolOpticalDepth,AerosolConcentrationProfiles,AerosolSpeciation
O6,O7,O9
21Observationsofaerosolareusedtoinferspatio-temporalvariations&trendsofspeciatedsurface-levelPM(PM1,PM2.5,PM10),whichusedtosupportAQrule-makinganddefineexceptionalevents.
AQRule-making:EPA,stateAQagencies
AerosolOpticalDepth,AerosolConcentrationProfiles,AerosolSpeciation
O6,O7,O9,O10
22Aerosolobservationsareusedtoinfervertically-resolved,speciatedPMforoperationalweatherandAQforecasting(e.g.,forecastinitialization),trackingdustplumes,andissuingAQalerts.
OperationalAQForecasts:Federal(NOAA)andstateAQagencies
AerosolOpticalDepth,AerosolConcentrationProfiles,AerosolSpeciation
O6,O7,O8,O9,O10
�33
DS Traceability Goals 1-22017DecadalSurveyObjectives
(fromAppendixB) A-CCPGoals
C-2a Reduce uncertainty in low and high cloud feedback. W-1a Determine the effects of key boundary layer processes on weather, hydrological, and air quality forecasts
at minutes to subseasonal time scales. W-2a Improve the observed and modeled representation of natural, low-frequency modes of weather/climate
variability. C-2g Quantify the contribution of the UTS to climate feedbacks and change.
G1CloudFeedbacks
Reducetheuncertaintyinlow-andhigh-cloudclimatefeedbacksbyadvancingourabilitytopredictthepropertiesoflowandhighclouds.
C-5c Quantify the effect that aerosol has on cloud. C-2g Quantify the contribution of the UTS to climate feedbacks and change. H-1b Quantify rates of precipitation and its phase (rain and snow/ice) worldwide at convective and orographic
scales suitable to capture flash floods and beyond. W-1a Determine the effects of key boundary layer processes on weather, hydrological, and air quality. W-2a Improve the observed and modeled representation of natural, low-frequency modes of weather/climate
variability. W-4a Measure the vertical motion within deep convection to within 1 m/s and heavy precipitation rates to within 1
mm/hour to improve model representation of extreme precipitation and to determine convective transport and redistribution of mass, moisture, momentum, and chemical species.
G2StormDynamics
Improveourphysicalunderstandingandmodelrepresentationsofcloud,precipitationanddynamicalprocesseswithinstorms.
MostImportant VeryImportant
DS Traceability Goals 3-52017DecadalSurveyObjectives
(fromAppendixB) A-CCPGoals
H-1b Quantify rates of precipitation and its phase (rain and snow/ice) worldwide at convective and orographic scales suitable to capture flash floods and beyond.
H-1c Quantify rates of snow accumulation, snowmelt, ice melt, and sublimation from snow and ice worldwide at scales driven by topographic variability.
W-1a Determine the effects of key boundary layer processes on weather, hydrological, and air quality. S-4a Quantify global, decadal landscape change produced by abrupt events and by continuous reshaping of
Earth's surface due to surface processes, tectonics, and societal activity. (Recommended measurement of rainfall and snowfall rates).
G3FallingSnow
Toadvanceunderstandingofitsroleincryospheric-climatefeedbacks,quantifytherateoffallingsnow,particularlyatmiddletohighlatitudes.
W-1a (boundary layer processes) W-5a (air pollution and health) C-5a Improve estimates of the emissions of natural and anthropogenic aerosols
G4AerosolProcesses
Reduceuncertaintyinkeyprocessesthatlinkaerosolstoweather,climateandairqualityrelatedimpacts.
C-2a Reduce uncertainty in low and high cloud feedback. C-2h Reduce aerosol radiative forcing uncertainty C-5c Quantify the effect that aerosol has on cloud
G5AerosolRadiativeForcing
ReducetheuncertaintyinDirect(D)andIndirect(I)aerosol-relatedradiativeforcingoftheclimatesystem.
MostImportant VeryImportant
DS Traceability Goals 3-5
Acronyms (1/3)
�36
A AerosolsAFWA AirForceWeatherAgencyAAOD AbsorbingAerosolOpticalDepthAOD AerosolOpticalDepthAQ AirQualityCCP Clouds,Convection,andPrecipitationCDC CentersforDiseaseControlCMAQ TheCommunityMultiscaleAirQualityModelingSystem
CTM ChemicalTransportModel
D DirectDOD DepartmentofDefenseDOE DepartmentofEnergyDRE DirectRadiativeEffectECMWF EuropeanCentreforMedium-RangeWeatherForecastsEPA EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyFAA FederalAviationAdministrationFAO FoodandAgricultureOrganizationFP FootprintG GoalGE GeneralElectricGPS GlobalPositioningSystem
Acronyms (2/3)
�37
I IndirectIR InfraredJMA JapanMeteorologicalAgencyJTWC JointTyphoonWarningCenterLW LongwaveLWP LiquidWaterPathNCAR NationalCenterforAtmosphericResearchNIH NationalInstitutesofHealthNG NorthropGrummanNOAA NationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministrationNRL NavalResearchLaboratoryNWP NumericalWeatherPredictionO ObjectiveOD OpticalDepthPBL PlanetaryBoundaryLayerPDC PacificDisasterCenterPEA PotentialEnabledApplicationPM ParticulateMatterPoR ProgramofRecordP&W Pratt&WhitneyRO RadioOccultationRR RollsRoyce
Acronyms (3/3)
�38
S SBG(SurfaceBiologyandGeology)SW ShortwaveSWNIR Shortwave-NearInfraredTBD ToBeDeterminedTOA TopOfAtmosphereUSDA UnitedStatesDepartmentofAgricultureVAAC VolcanicAshAdvisoryCenterVIS VisibleWHO WorldHealthOrganizationsWRF WeatherResearchandWeather(ForecastingModel)
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