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Safety & Health Consultation
Personal Protective EquipmentPersonal Protective Equipment
NUMBER OF SERIOUS VIOLATIONS – FY 2014
29CF
R 19
10 S
UBP
ARTS
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT [1910.132 – 138]
2
SUBPART I
RESPIRATORS – MEDICAL EVALUATION
RESPIRATORS – WRITTEN PROGRAM
PPE – PROVIDED USED AND MAINTAINED IN SANITARY AND RELIABLE CONDITION
PPE – APPROPRIATE EYE AND FACE PROTECTION
PPE – CERTIFICATION OF HAZARD ASSESSMENT
133(a)(1)
132(d)(2)
132(a)
134(c)(1)
134(e)(1)
441
441
469
585
631
Safety & Health Consultation
Protecting Employees from Workplace Hazards
Protecting Employees from Workplace Hazards
• Employers must protect employees from workplace hazards such as machines, hazardous substances, and dangerous work procedures that can cause injury
• Employers must: Use all feasible engineering and work practice controls
to eliminate and reduce hazards Then use appropriate personal protective equipment
(PPE) if these controls do not eliminate the hazards. • Remember, PPE is the last level of control!
Safety & Health Consultation
Engineering ControlsEngineering Controls
If . . .
The machine or work environment can be physically changed to prevent employee exposure to the potential hazard,
Then . . .
The hazard can be eliminated with an engineering control.
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Engineering ControlsEngineering Controls
• Initial design specifications• Substitute less harmful material• Change process• Enclose process• Isolate process• Ventilation
Examples . . .
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Work Practice ControlsWork Practice Controls
If . . .
Employees can be removed from exposure to the potential hazard by changing the way they do their jobs,
Then . . .
The hazard can be eliminated with a work practice control.
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Work Practice ControlsWork Practice Controls
• Use of wet methods to suppress dust• Personal hygiene• Housekeeping and maintenance• Job rotation of workers
Examples . . .
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Examples of PPEExamples of PPE
• Eye - safety glasses, goggles• Face - face shields• Head - hard hats• Feet - safety shoes• Hands and arms - gloves• Bodies - vests• Hearing - earplugs, earmuffs
General RequirementsGeneral Requirements
• Application– Protective equipment, including personal
protective equipment shall be provided, used, and maintained in a sanitary and reliable condition.
Safety & Health Consultation1910.132(a)
Employee Owned EquipmentEmployee Owned Equipment
• Where employees provide their own protective equipment, the employer shall be responsible to assure its adequacy, including proper maintenance, and sanitation.
Safety & Health Consultation1910.132(b)
PPE DesignPPE Design
• All personal protective equipment shall be of safe design and construction for the work to be performed.
Safety & Health Consultation1910.132(c)
Safety & Health Consultation
Establishing a PPE ProgramEstablishing a PPE Program
• Sets out procedures for selecting, providing and using PPE as part of an employer’s routine operation
• First -- assess the workplace to determine if hazards are present, or are likely to be present, which necessitate the use of PPE
• Once the proper PPE has been selected, the employer must provide training to each employee who is required to use PPE
1910.132(d)
• Must be job and area based• Requires written certification identifying
the document as such including: – Person certifying that the evaluation was
performed– Date of evaluation
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Establishing a PPE ProgramEstablishing a PPE Program
1910.132(d)
• Impact• Penetration• Compression • Chemical• Heat/cold/wet• Harmful dust• Light radiation
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Establishing a PPE ProgramEstablishing a PPE Program
1910.132(d)
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TrainingTraining
• When PPE is necessary• What type of PPE is necessary• How to properly put on, take off, adjust, and wear• Limitations of the PPE• Proper care, maintenance, useful life and disposal
Employees required to use PPE must be trained to know at least the following:
1910.132(f)
Employee must demonstrate knowledge
PPE PaymentPPE Payment
Safety & Health Consultation
• The employer must pay for all PPE used in the workplace, except:– Non-specialty safety-toe footwear and non-specialty prescription
safety eyewear provided the employer allows it to be worn off the
jobsite
– Built-in metatarsals (as long as the employer provides another type
of metatarsal protection when required)
– Logging boots
– Everyday work clothing and ordinary clothing, skin creams, etc.,
used solely for protection from weather
1910.132(h)
PPE PaymentPPE Payment• The employer must pay for replacement PPE
unless it is lost or intentionally damaged.• If the employer provides adequate and
appropriate PPE, but the employee prefers a different type, the employer does not have to pay for it.
Safety & Health Consultation1910.132(h)
Safety & Health Consultation
Eye and Face ProtectionEye and Face Protection
1910.133
Safety & Health Consultation
Causes of Eye and Face InjuriesCauses of Eye and Face Injuries
• Dust and other flying particles, such as metal shavings or sawdust
• Molten metal that might splash• Acids and other caustic liquid chemicals that might
splash• Blood and other potentially infectious body fluids
that might splash, spray, or splatter• Intense light such as that created by welding and
lasers
General RequirementsGeneral Requirements
• The employer shall ensure that each affected employee used appropriate eye or face protection when exposed to eye or face hazards.
Safety & Health Consultation1910.133(a)(1)
• The employer shall ensure that each affected employee uses eye protection that provides side protection when there is a hazard of flying objects.
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General RequirementsGeneral Requirements
1910.133(a)(2)
• The employer shall ensure that each affected employee who wears prescription lenses while engaged in operations that involve eye hazards wears eye protection that incorporates the prescription in its design, or wears eye protection that can be worn over the prescription lenses.
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General RequirementsGeneral Requirements
1910.133(a)(3)
CriteriaCriteria
• Criteria for protective eye and face devices– ANSI Z87.1-2003– ANSI Z87.1-1989 (R-1998)– ANSI Z87.1-1989
Safety & Health Consultation1910.133(b)
Safety & Health Consultation
Safety SpectaclesSafety Spectacles
• Made with metal/plastic safety frames• Most operations require side shields• Used for moderate impact from particles produced
by such jobs as carpentry, woodworking, grinding, and scaling
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GogglesGoggles• Protect eyes, eye sockets, and the facial area
immediately surrounding the eyes from impact, dust, and splashes
• Some goggles fit over corrective lenses
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Welding ShieldsWelding Shields
Protect eyes from burns caused by infrared or intense radiant light, and protect face and eyes from flying sparks, metal spatter, and slag chips produced during welding, brazing, soldering, and cutting.
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Laser Safety GogglesLaser Safety Goggles
Protect eyes from intense concentrations of light produced by lasers.
Safety & Health Consultation
Face ShieldsFace Shields
• Protect the face from nuisance dusts and potential splashes or sprays of hazardous liquids
• Do not protect employees from impact hazards
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Head ProtectionHead Protection
1910.135
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Causes of Head InjuriesCauses of Head Injuries
• Falling objects• Bumping head against fixed objects, such
as exposed pipes or beams• Contact with exposed electrical
conductors
General RequirementsGeneral Requirements
• The employer shall ensure that each affected employee wears a protective helmet when working in areas where there is a potential for injuries to the head from falling objects.
Safety & Health Consultation1910.135(a)(1)
General RequirementsGeneral Requirements
• The employer shall ensure that a protective helmet designed to reduce electrical shock hazard is worn by each such affected employee when near exposed electrical conductors which could contact the head.
Safety & Health Consultation1910.135(a)(2)
CriteriaCriteria
• Criteria for protective helmets– ANSI Z89.1-2003– ANSI Z89.1-1997– ANSI Z89.1-1986
Safety & Health Consultation1910.135(b)(1) – (2)
Safety & Health Consultation
Types of Hard HatsTypes of Hard Hats
Type I• Conventional hard hats that are designed to
reduce the force of impact to the top of the head, neck, and spine
Type II• New designs that offer additional impact
protection to the front, sides and back, as well as the top of the head
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Classes of Hard HatsClasses of Hard Hats
Class E (electrical)• Tested to withstand 20,000 volts
Class G (general)• Tested to withstand 2,200 volts
Class C (conductive)• Provides no electrical protection
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Hearing ProtectionHearing Protection
1910.95
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Earmuffs Earplugs Canal Caps
Examples of Hearing ProtectorsExamples of Hearing Protectors
1910.95(b)(1)
Safety & Health Consultation
Foot ProtectionFoot Protection
1910.136
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Causes of Foot InjuriesCauses of Foot Injuries
• Heavy objects such as barrels or tools that might roll onto or fall on employees’ feet
• Sharp objects such as nails or spikes that might pierce the soles or uppers of ordinary shoes
• Molten metal that might splash on feet• Hot or wet surfaces• Slippery surfaces
General RequirementsGeneral Requirements
• The employer shall ensure that each affected employee uses protective footwear when working in areas where there is a danger of foot injuries.
Safety & Health Consultation1910.136(a)
CriteriaCriteria• Criteria for protective footwear
– ANSI Z41-1999
– ANSI Z41-1991
• ASTM F2412-05 and F2413-05
Safety & Health Consultation1910.136(b)(1) – (2)
Safety & Health Consultation
Safety ShoesSafety Shoes• Have impact-resistant toes and
heat-resistant soles that protect against hot surfaces common in roofing, paving, and hot metal industries
• Some have metal insoles to protect against puncture wounds
• May be designed to be electrically conductive for use in explosive atmospheres, or nonconductive to protect from workplace electrical hazards
Safety & Health Consultation
Metatarsal GuardsMetatarsal Guards
A part of the shoes or strapped to the outside of shoes to protect the instep from impact and compression.
Safety & Health Consultation
Hand ProtectionHand Protection
1910.138
General RequirementsGeneral Requirements
• Employers shall select and require employees to use appropriate hand protection when employees’ hands are exposed to hazards.
Safety & Health Consultation1910.138(a)
Safety & Health Consultation
What are some of the hand injuries you need to guard against?
What are some of the hand injuries you need to guard against?
• Burns• Bruises• Abrasions• Cuts• Punctures• Fractures• Amputations• Chemical Exposures
SelectionSelection
• Employers shall base the selection of the appropriate hand protection on an evaluation of the performance characteristics of the hand protection relative to the task(s) to be performed, conditions present, duration of use, and hazards identified
Safety & Health Consultation1910.138(b)
Safety & Health Consultation
Norfoil laminate resists permeation and breakthrough by an array of toxic/hazardous chemicals.
Butyl provides the highest permeation resistance to gas or water vapors; frequently used for ketones (M.E.K., Acetone) and esters (Amyl Acetate, Ethyl Acetate).
Types of GlovesTypes of Gloves
Safety & Health Consultation
Viton is highly resistant to permeation by chlorinated and aromatic solvents.
Nitrile provides protection against a wide variety of solvents, harsh chemicals, fats and petroleum products and also provides excellent resistance to cuts, snags, punctures and abrasions.
Types of GlovesTypes of Gloves
Safety & Health Consultation
Kevlar protects against cuts, slashes, and abrasion.
Stainless steel mesh protects against cuts and lacerations.
Types of GlovesTypes of Gloves
Safety & Health Consultation
Body ProtectionBody Protection
1910.132(a)
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Causes of Body InjuriesCauses of Body Injuries
• Intense heat• Splashes of hot metals and other hot liquids• Impacts from tools, machinery, and materials• Cuts• Hazardous chemicals• Contact with potentially infectious materials, like
blood• Radiation
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Cooling Vest
Sleeves and Apron
Body ProtectionBody Protection
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CoverallsFull Body Suit
Body ProtectionBody Protection
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SummarySummary
• Assess the workplace for hazards• Use engineering and work practice controls to eliminate or
reduce hazards before using PPE• Select appropriate PPE to protect employees from hazards
that cannot be eliminated • Inform employees why the PPE is necessary and when it must
be worn• Train employees how to use and care for their PPE and how
to recognize deterioration and failure• Require employees to wear selected PPE in the workplace
Employers must implement a PPE program where they:
Safety & Health Consultation
Your Questions?Your Questions?
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