Personal Protective Equipment

(PPE)

Personal Protective Equipment

• Provide a barrier between you and the chemical

• Chemical Protective Equipment (CPE)– Level A - vapor w/SCBA (encapsulating suits)– Level B - splash w/SCBA (cover skin)– Level C - splash w/APR (MMRS Program)– Level D - “normal” work clothes

Supplied Air SystemsSelf Contained Breathing Apparatus

Positive Pressure Self Contained Breathing Apparatus

Advantages:Provides highest level of protection

against airborne contaminates and oxygen deficiency

Limitations: Bulky and heavyLimited air supply limits work durationMay impair movement in confined spacesUnknown resistance to chemicals

Positive Pressure Supplied Air Respirator

Connected to a manifold which is supplied by two or more tanks

Possibility of unlimited air supply

Less bulky with a longer work time

Protects against airborne contaminates to the same level as PP SCBA

Positive Pressure Supplied Air Respirator

Air line impairs mobility and limited to 300 feet (OSHA/NIOSH)

Air line is vulnerable to damage, degradation, or mechanical decontamination where decontamination might prove difficult.

Exit as you entered. Requires supervision / monitoring of air supply and lines.

Not approved for IDLH atmospheres unless equipped with an emergency egress unit such as an escape only SCBA with a minimum of five minutes.

Air Purifying RespiratorsEnhanced mobility, less physical stress, lighter weight

Negative pressure operations – can be full face or half face

Normally used in controlled, well characterized areas not for emergency response

Cartridge respirators-Must select proper cartridge

Does not supply fresh air - oxygen levels must be greater than 19.5%

Chemical Protective ClothingLevel A (Vapor Protection)

Provides responder with highest level of protection

Level B (Splash Protection)Provides the responder with the highest level of

respiratory protection and protection against contact with product from spills and splashes

Level C (Splash Protection)Reduction in the respiratory protection but hazards shall be well characterized (known and measured) to provide use of APR’s.

Level A CPE

Level B CPE

Level C CPE

Chemical Protective Clothing

Level D (normal workplace protections)

Used much more commonly in routine industrial operations. No NFPA standard garment.

May include items such as:Eye ProtectionCoverallsBoots that are chemically resistantHard hatGloves

Stresses of Wearing CPC’s

Heat related stresses:

Heat Cramps, Heat Exhaustion, Heat Stroke

Cold related stresses:

Frostbite, Hypothermia

Psychological stress:

Hazardous area, “Body bag with Windows”

Stresses of Wearing CPC’sNFPA 471 (10.3) (2002 edition) exclusion criteria includes:

BP - diastolic pressure greater than 105 mm HgPulse - greater than 70% of max (220-age)Respirations - greater than 24Temp – greater than 99.5 (oral) or 100.5 coreEKG – dysrhythmia not previously detectedMental Status – altered, slurred speech clumsiness, weakness Recent Medical History:

Presence of nausea vomiting, diarrhea, fever, URI, heat illness, or heavy alcohol within the past 72 hours.

Any alcohol within the past 6 hoursNew medications within the past 72 hours.Pregnancy

Chemical Resistance/Compatibility

Three principle manners by which chemical protective clothing materials can be compromised:

1. Penetration

2. Degradation

3. Permeation

Bio Isolation PPEs

• Cover all skin• Use with respirator

and eye protection• Should be rated for

biological (blood-borne pathogen) protection by manufacture

Problems in the Agricultural Setting

• Improper Use– Using inappropriate concentration (more is better)

– Mixing compounds together

• Improper Storage– Next flammables

– No ventilation

– Stored next to incompatibles

– Compressed Gasses indoors

Problems in the Agricultural Setting

• Limited or no PPEs– Eye & Face Protection– Apron– Gloves– Respiratory Protection

• Poor or no Signage/Markings– Hazard areas– Safe areas

Problems in the Agricultural Setting

• Limited or no Training– PPEs– Proper use

• HAZCOM standard (29 CFR 1910.120)– No MSDS– Don’t know standard

• No Emergency or Spill Plan• Poor Housekeeping• Safety equipment not maintained

Problems in the Agricultural Setting

• Usually a failure of multiple safety processes

• Complacency

• Performance before safety

• Profit before safety (safety to expensive)

Example of Spill Procedures When Spill Occurs

• Stop operations and equipment

• Isolate or evacuate area affected

• Emergency Notification

• If trained, contain and control spill

• Provide first aid and assistance to injured

• Clean up, decontamination

Natural Disasters

• Hurricane/Typhoon• Earthquake• Tsunami• Fire• Flood• Disease Outbreak

– Agriculture– Wildlife– Human

Man Made Disasters

• Transportation• Unintentional Releases• Civil Unrest• Terrorism• Technological

– Electrical– Communications– Water (Fresh and Waste)

What is an emergency?

• An Event that is--– Unplanned– Uncontrolled– Chaotic– Life, Property or Environmental Threat– Requires a rapid response to bring the event

under control

What is an emergency response?

• Rapid or timely mitigation of events

• Best use of resources

• Trained personnel

• Favorably changes the outcome

Planned Response

• Control– Isolation and Quarantine

• Notification– Local, Law Enforcement, National and

International Aid

• Have a written plan

• Test and Periodically Practice

Incident Command System

• Management System– Who’s in charge? – What’s our goals?– What’s my tasks? – Where do I fit in the organization? – Whom do I report?

Incident Management

• Places one person in charge• Clarifies objectives• Guides deployment of personnel &

resources• Organizes personnel & tasks so that IC is

not overwhelmed• Eases communications & identifies chain of

command

Incident Management

• Limits high risk activities & establishes resources to provide immediate assistance

• Allows for growth and reduction of organizational structure

• For some emergencies, it is a requirement of law, 29 & 40 CFR

• Used by the Federal Government (NIMS)

Management Concepts• Division of Labor

– Work is assigned based on functions, equipment available and training/capabilities of personnel

– Qualified individuals are assigned the proper tasks

• Lines of Authority

– Personnel and functional groups know their roles within the organization and their relationship with other personnel participating in the emergency

Management Concepts

• Delegation– Higher level of authority gives personnel or

unit an assignment or tasks– Authority is delegated but responsibility is still

with the IC• Unity of Command

– One immediate supervisor– Prevents multiple and conflicting directives

Management Concepts• Span of Control

– Number of personnel or units supervised at one time

– Emergency operations, 4-7 personnel or units– Factors include, degree of difficulty, level of

danger, amount of authority given• Line Functions - functions directly associated with

actual implementation of tasks• Staff Functions - functions associated with the

support of incident operations or IC

Features of ICS• Common Terminology

– uses common language “clear text”

– pre-designated language from standard operating procedures

• Integrated Communications

– Common communications plan “trunking system”

• Modular Organization

– Organizational structure develops as-needed

– Increases and reduces in size as needed

Features of ICS• Comprehensive Resource Management

– Knows the status of available units

– Analyses incident requirements and deploys available resources in a well-coordinated effort

– “Tools in a tool box”, only take out the tools you need to get the job done - need to know what tools are needed and when to use them, in correct combination

– Single Command Structure (single jurisdiction)

– Unified Command Structure (multi-jurisdiction or responsibility)

Features of ICS

– Consolidated Action Plans - Unified Command• A single plan of objectives

• Efforts undertaken are conducted in a coordinated manner

• Prevents duplication of tasks and contradictory work assignments

– Designated Incident Facilities• Command Post, Staging Area, Rehab Area

– Transfer of Command• Proper procedures to transfer to higher authority

Incident Command System

• IC & Staff– PIO, Safety, Liaison

• Operations

• Planning

• Logistics

• Finance

• Division, Group, Branch

Incident Command System

Operations Section

Planning Section

Logistics Section

Finance/ Administration

Section

ICPublic Information

Safety

Liaison

FireFighting HAZMAT Ventilation

Entry DECON Research

Scene Management

• HAZMAT Sectors– Hot Zone - Contaminated area– Warm Zone - Contamination reduction zone or

decon area– Cold Zone - Contamination Free Zone– Safe Zone - to facilitate nuisance free area

The Growing Threat of the Agriculture Workplace

Pacific Avian Influenza Training WorkshopCarter Davis

Pacific EMPRINTS Program

hazmat@hawaii.rr.com