safety & health consultation personal protective equipment

Safety & Health Consultation

Personal Protective EquipmentPersonal Protective Equipment

NUMBER OF SERIOUS VIOLATIONS – FY 2014

29CF

R 19

10 S

UBP

ARTS

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT [1910.132 – 138]

2

SUBPART I

RESPIRATORS – MEDICAL EVALUATION

RESPIRATORS – WRITTEN PROGRAM

PPE – PROVIDED USED AND MAINTAINED IN SANITARY AND RELIABLE CONDITION

PPE – APPROPRIATE EYE AND FACE PROTECTION

PPE – CERTIFICATION OF HAZARD ASSESSMENT

133(a)(1)

132(d)(2)

132(a)

134(c)(1)

134(e)(1)

441

441

469

585

631


Protecting Employees from Workplace Hazards

Protecting Employees from Workplace Hazards

• Employers must protect employees from workplace hazards such as machines, hazardous substances, and dangerous work procedures that can cause injury

• Employers must: Use all feasible engineering and work practice controls

to eliminate and reduce hazards Then use appropriate personal protective equipment

(PPE) if these controls do not eliminate the hazards. • Remember, PPE is the last level of control!


Engineering ControlsEngineering Controls

If . . .

The machine or work environment can be physically changed to prevent employee exposure to the potential hazard,

Then . . .

The hazard can be eliminated with an engineering control.


Engineering ControlsEngineering Controls

• Initial design specifications• Substitute less harmful material• Change process• Enclose process• Isolate process• Ventilation

Examples . . .


Work Practice ControlsWork Practice Controls

If . . .

Employees can be removed from exposure to the potential hazard by changing the way they do their jobs,

Then . . .

The hazard can be eliminated with a work practice control.


Work Practice ControlsWork Practice Controls

• Use of wet methods to suppress dust• Personal hygiene• Housekeeping and maintenance• Job rotation of workers

Examples . . .


Examples of PPEExamples of PPE

• Eye - safety glasses, goggles• Face - face shields• Head - hard hats• Feet - safety shoes• Hands and arms - gloves• Bodies - vests• Hearing - earplugs, earmuffs

General RequirementsGeneral Requirements

• Application– Protective equipment, including personal

protective equipment shall be provided, used, and maintained in a sanitary and reliable condition.

Safety & Health Consultation1910.132(a)

Employee Owned EquipmentEmployee Owned Equipment

• Where employees provide their own protective equipment, the employer shall be responsible to assure its adequacy, including proper maintenance, and sanitation.

Safety & Health Consultation1910.132(b)

PPE DesignPPE Design

• All personal protective equipment shall be of safe design and construction for the work to be performed.

Safety & Health Consultation1910.132(c)


Establishing a PPE ProgramEstablishing a PPE Program

• Sets out procedures for selecting, providing and using PPE as part of an employer’s routine operation

• First -- assess the workplace to determine if hazards are present, or are likely to be present, which necessitate the use of PPE

• Once the proper PPE has been selected, the employer must provide training to each employee who is required to use PPE

1910.132(d)

• Must be job and area based• Requires written certification identifying

the document as such including: – Person certifying that the evaluation was

performed– Date of evaluation



1910.132(d)

• Impact• Penetration• Compression • Chemical• Heat/cold/wet• Harmful dust• Light radiation



1910.132(d)


TrainingTraining

• When PPE is necessary• What type of PPE is necessary• How to properly put on, take off, adjust, and wear• Limitations of the PPE• Proper care, maintenance, useful life and disposal

Employees required to use PPE must be trained to know at least the following:

1910.132(f)

Employee must demonstrate knowledge

PPE PaymentPPE Payment


• The employer must pay for all PPE used in the workplace, except:– Non-specialty safety-toe footwear and non-specialty prescription

safety eyewear provided the employer allows it to be worn off the

jobsite

– Built-in metatarsals (as long as the employer provides another type

of metatarsal protection when required)

– Logging boots

– Everyday work clothing and ordinary clothing, skin creams, etc.,

used solely for protection from weather

1910.132(h)

PPE PaymentPPE Payment• The employer must pay for replacement PPE

unless it is lost or intentionally damaged.• If the employer provides adequate and

appropriate PPE, but the employee prefers a different type, the employer does not have to pay for it.

Safety & Health Consultation1910.132(h)


Eye and Face ProtectionEye and Face Protection

1910.133


Causes of Eye and Face InjuriesCauses of Eye and Face Injuries

• Dust and other flying particles, such as metal shavings or sawdust

• Molten metal that might splash• Acids and other caustic liquid chemicals that might

splash• Blood and other potentially infectious body fluids

that might splash, spray, or splatter• Intense light such as that created by welding and

lasers


• The employer shall ensure that each affected employee used appropriate eye or face protection when exposed to eye or face hazards.

Safety & Health Consultation1910.133(a)(1)

• The employer shall ensure that each affected employee uses eye protection that provides side protection when there is a hazard of flying objects.



1910.133(a)(2)

• The employer shall ensure that each affected employee who wears prescription lenses while engaged in operations that involve eye hazards wears eye protection that incorporates the prescription in its design, or wears eye protection that can be worn over the prescription lenses.



1910.133(a)(3)

CriteriaCriteria

• Criteria for protective eye and face devices– ANSI Z87.1-2003– ANSI Z87.1-1989 (R-1998)– ANSI Z87.1-1989



Safety SpectaclesSafety Spectacles

• Made with metal/plastic safety frames• Most operations require side shields• Used for moderate impact from particles produced

by such jobs as carpentry, woodworking, grinding, and scaling


GogglesGoggles• Protect eyes, eye sockets, and the facial area

immediately surrounding the eyes from impact, dust, and splashes

• Some goggles fit over corrective lenses


Welding ShieldsWelding Shields

Protect eyes from burns caused by infrared or intense radiant light, and protect face and eyes from flying sparks, metal spatter, and slag chips produced during welding, brazing, soldering, and cutting.


Laser Safety GogglesLaser Safety Goggles

Protect eyes from intense concentrations of light produced by lasers.


Face ShieldsFace Shields

• Protect the face from nuisance dusts and potential splashes or sprays of hazardous liquids

• Do not protect employees from impact hazards


Head ProtectionHead Protection

1910.135


Causes of Head InjuriesCauses of Head Injuries

• Falling objects• Bumping head against fixed objects, such

as exposed pipes or beams• Contact with exposed electrical

conductors


• The employer shall ensure that each affected employee wears a protective helmet when working in areas where there is a potential for injuries to the head from falling objects.



• The employer shall ensure that a protective helmet designed to reduce electrical shock hazard is worn by each such affected employee when near exposed electrical conductors which could contact the head.


CriteriaCriteria

• Criteria for protective helmets– ANSI Z89.1-2003– ANSI Z89.1-1997– ANSI Z89.1-1986

Safety & Health Consultation1910.135(b)(1) – (2)


Types of Hard HatsTypes of Hard Hats

Type I• Conventional hard hats that are designed to

reduce the force of impact to the top of the head, neck, and spine

Type II• New designs that offer additional impact

protection to the front, sides and back, as well as the top of the head


Classes of Hard HatsClasses of Hard Hats

Class E (electrical)• Tested to withstand 20,000 volts

Class G (general)• Tested to withstand 2,200 volts

Class C (conductive)• Provides no electrical protection


Hearing ProtectionHearing Protection

1910.95


Earmuffs Earplugs Canal Caps

Examples of Hearing ProtectorsExamples of Hearing Protectors

1910.95(b)(1)


Foot ProtectionFoot Protection

1910.136


Causes of Foot InjuriesCauses of Foot Injuries

• Heavy objects such as barrels or tools that might roll onto or fall on employees’ feet

• Sharp objects such as nails or spikes that might pierce the soles or uppers of ordinary shoes

• Molten metal that might splash on feet• Hot or wet surfaces• Slippery surfaces


• The employer shall ensure that each affected employee uses protective footwear when working in areas where there is a danger of foot injuries.


CriteriaCriteria• Criteria for protective footwear

– ANSI Z41-1999

– ANSI Z41-1991

• ASTM F2412-05 and F2413-05

Safety & Health Consultation1910.136(b)(1) – (2)


Safety ShoesSafety Shoes• Have impact-resistant toes and

heat-resistant soles that protect against hot surfaces common in roofing, paving, and hot metal industries

• Some have metal insoles to protect against puncture wounds

• May be designed to be electrically conductive for use in explosive atmospheres, or nonconductive to protect from workplace electrical hazards


Metatarsal GuardsMetatarsal Guards

A part of the shoes or strapped to the outside of shoes to protect the instep from impact and compression.


Hand ProtectionHand Protection

1910.138


• Employers shall select and require employees to use appropriate hand protection when employees’ hands are exposed to hazards.



What are some of the hand injuries you need to guard against?

What are some of the hand injuries you need to guard against?

• Burns• Bruises• Abrasions• Cuts• Punctures• Fractures• Amputations• Chemical Exposures

SelectionSelection

• Employers shall base the selection of the appropriate hand protection on an evaluation of the performance characteristics of the hand protection relative to the task(s) to be performed, conditions present, duration of use, and hazards identified



Norfoil laminate resists permeation and breakthrough by an array of toxic/hazardous chemicals.

Butyl provides the highest permeation resistance to gas or water vapors; frequently used for ketones (M.E.K., Acetone) and esters (Amyl Acetate, Ethyl Acetate).

Types of GlovesTypes of Gloves


Viton is highly resistant to permeation by chlorinated and aromatic solvents.

Nitrile provides protection against a wide variety of solvents, harsh chemicals, fats and petroleum products and also provides excellent resistance to cuts, snags, punctures and abrasions.



Kevlar protects against cuts, slashes, and abrasion.

Stainless steel mesh protects against cuts and lacerations.



Body ProtectionBody Protection

1910.132(a)


Causes of Body InjuriesCauses of Body Injuries

• Intense heat• Splashes of hot metals and other hot liquids• Impacts from tools, machinery, and materials• Cuts• Hazardous chemicals• Contact with potentially infectious materials, like

blood• Radiation


Cooling Vest

Sleeves and Apron



CoverallsFull Body Suit



SummarySummary

• Assess the workplace for hazards• Use engineering and work practice controls to eliminate or

reduce hazards before using PPE• Select appropriate PPE to protect employees from hazards

that cannot be eliminated • Inform employees why the PPE is necessary and when it must

be worn• Train employees how to use and care for their PPE and how

to recognize deterioration and failure• Require employees to wear selected PPE in the workplace

Employers must implement a PPE program where they:


Your Questions?Your Questions?

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Documents

safety glasses

safety goggles

potential hazard

hazard of flying metal

flying chips

surrounding work areas

work environment

dangerous work procedures