process ing technology of co ff e e & pro duc ts of cof f ee

Processing technology of coffee& Products of coffee

Luong, Hong Quang

Coffea arabica C. arabica Var mokka C. arabica Var catimor C. arabica Var bourbon

Coffea Canephora C. canephora Var Robusta

Coffea dewevriei(Coffea Chari)Coffea excelsa

Coffee products

Coffee products

Cross-section of coffee berry

Source: From Wilson, 1999. Coffee, Cocoa, and Tea, CABI Publishing.

1- Rốn

2- Vỏ quả

3- Thịt quả

4- Vỏ thóc

5- Vỏ lụa (Vỏ bạc)

6- Nhân- phát triển lá mầm

7- Phôi

Cross-section of coffee berry

Courtesy: http://coffee-roasting.blogspot.com/2007/01/coffee-bean-pictorial-roaster-roasting.html

Bean

Center cut

Outer skin

Parchment

Pectin layer- Pectin

Pulp

Silver skin

De-hull

Green beans

Storage

Harvesting

Floatation cleaning

De-pulping

Fermenting

De-mucilage

Washing

Drying

Dry process

Semi-DP Wet process

Semi-WP

Processing procedure of green beans for exportMaterial

MC accepted

Drying

High MC

Size grading

Primary screening

Mixing

Packaging

De-stone

Density sorting

Color sorting

Wet polishingDry polishing

Color sorting

Source: Nguyen, Thi Quynh Nhu and Luong, Hong Quang. 2008.

(Raw green beans)

Terms of coffee

Trái cà phê khô(Dried whole cherry)

Hạt cà phê thóc(Bean with hull-

parchment)

Vỏ thóc (vỏ trấu)(Hull-parchment)

Hạt cà phê nhân còn vỏ lụa(De-hulled green bean with

silver skin)

Hạt cà phê nhân đã đánh bóng(Polished green bean)

Hạt cà phê rang(Roasted Bean)

From Green to Ground Green beans

Roasting

Grinding

Ground coffee

Packaging

Product

???Quality of green bean

???Temperature, time of roasting, equipments,…

???Equipment, technology, size of granular,…

??? Material, packaging methods,…

Roasters

Source: http://www.indiamart.com/vmac-inds/products.html

Color of coffee beans

Hạt cà phê nhân(Green unroasted)

Chuyển sang màu nhạt

(Starting to pale)

Màu vàng nhạt(Early yellow)

Màu nâu(Brown)

Nâu nhạt(Light brown)

Màu vàng-nâu(Yellow-tan stage)

Color of coffee beans

Bắt đầu nứt (nổ) hạt

(1st crack begins)

Giai đoạn nổ hạt lần 1(1st crack underway)

Kết thúc GĐ nổ lần 1(1st crack finished)

Hạt rang hoàn toàn city

(Full city roast)

Hạt rang City+ (City+ roast)

Color of coffee beans

Hạt rang hoàn toàn city+

(Full city+ roast)

Hạt rang theo “gu” Áo-Pháp(Vienna light French roast)

Hạt rang theo “gu” Pháp(Full French roast)

Hạt cháy hoàn toàn(Immanent fire)

Cháy than(Fully carbonized)

Roasting TemperatureGreen Unroasted 75 oF Starting to pale 270 Early yellow 327 Yellow-Tan 345 Light Brown 370 Brown 393 1st Crack Begins 401 1st Crack Under Way 415 City Roast 426 City+ 435 Full City 446 Full City+ 454 Vienna (Light French) 465 Full French 474 Fully Carbonized 486 Immanent Fire 497

Color changing of coffee bean

Aroma vs. roasting level

Source: http://www.sivetzcoffee.com/images/roastdegree1.jpg

Instant/soluble coffee powder

Ground coffee

Extraction

Aroma Stripping

Concentration

Aroma recovery

Drying

Soluble powder

Aroma

Packaging

Product

Spraying/Freeze drying

Smart packaging

http://www.gizmag.com/smart-lid-systems-a-winner-at-packaging-awards/9325/picture/44399/

source: http://beanactivist.wordpress.com/2007/12/30/wake-up-and-smell-the-coffee-emissions/

Decaffeination

Source: http://www.sweetmarias.com/decaf.co-2method.html (a) http://www.greener-industry.org.uk/pages/superCO2/3superCO2_coffee.htm (b)

(a) (b)

Layout of a complete coffee processing plant

Source: http://www.sspindia.com/food-processing-projects.html

Source: http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/003/X6939E/X6939e01.htm

Screening unit

Source: http://pubs.acs.org/cen/whatstuff/86/8639sci3.html

Hoa cà phê(Xuân Diệu)

Hoa cà phê thơm lắm, em ơi Hoa cùng một điệu với hoa lài

Trắng ngà, trong ngọc, xinh mà sáng

Như miệng em cười đâu đây thôi

Hoa dạt dào thơm, mắt dạt dào Mỗi hoa như thể một vì sao

La đà mỗi nhánh hoa chi chít

Tất cả hoà hương: sâu, rộng, cao...

Em đến đây em, đặng bốn bề Ta cùng lạc giữa hoa cà phê

Cho sương ướt tóc, hương đầy áo

Cho trĩu hồn thơm, mới trở về

Buôn Ma Thuột, 12/02/1979

Source: Xuân Diệu- Một khoảng trời thơ, Sở VHTT Nghĩa Bình, 1986.

Source: http://informedfarmers.com/process-sel-hand-pick-coffee

Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, NLU