potential long-term side effects of exposure to chemo
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8/7/2019 Potential Long-Term Side Effects of Exposure to Chemo
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Potential-capable of being but not yet in existence;having possibility
Side Effect- an effect of a drug other than those desired. Exposure- the degree of exposure to hazardous
antineoplastic agents after a healthcare workersinadvertent occupational contact with chemotherapy
drugs during the preparation, administration, and/ordisposal process.
Chemo drugs-drugs are used to treat malignancies,cancerous growths
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Chemo Drugs Reconstitution
Chemo Drugs Packing
Spiking IV line on the Chemo IV bottle
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Giving Chemo Bolus
Chemo spillage and leakDisposal of Chemo IV bottle
Removing bed linens contaminated with patients body fluids andwaste post chemo
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The International Agency for Research on
Cancer (IARC) in Lyon, France has evaluated
900 agents for their potential to cause cancerin humans.
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The degree of internal antineoplasticchemotherapeutic exposure reflects
1. quantity of drug uptake
2. the metabolism of the drug in the body3. evidence of cellular manipulation after an
accidental exposure with cytotoxic agentsduring the handling process.
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HOST(Healthcare workers)
AGENT(Chemotherapy Agents)
ENVIRONMENT
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Acute Symptoms
Reproductive and developmental effects
Genetic Effects Cancer Development
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increased prevalence of infertility
noted a relationship between ectopic
pregnancies and occupational exposure the incidence of fetal loss and the degree of
occupational exposure
spontaneous abortions, preterm deliveries,
and small-for-gestation-age births
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potential chromosomal aberrations
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increased risk of malignancy
Leukemia
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Occupational exposure from hazardous drugs
may pose a significant risk to healthcare
workers. There is a need to break the chain of
occupational exposure by implementing safetyrecommendations that can prevent or reduce
exposure and minimize potential adverseeffects.
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HOST(Healthcare workers)
AGENT(Chemotherapy Agents)
ENVIRONMENT
Personal protectiveequipment (the use of
protective gloves,gowns, respiratory
protection, and eye
protection)
Compliance?
Health Monitoring
Training and educationprograms;
availability of material
safety data sheets;established workpractices, policies
Engineering controls (the use of biologicalsafety cabinets,
Proper ventilation/exhaust)
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Additional incentives for health care workers
i.e. hazard pay, health insurance benefits,
medical surveillanceBecause these RISKS are real and hazardouseffects could happen in the future (we dont know,
we only pray they wont), and because our noblejobs require us to face these risks in order to serveour patients, we really need to protect ourselves,and we hope our hospital would continue
protecting us too.
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Martin, Susan.The adverse health effects of occupational exposure tohazardous drugs. Community Oncology. September-October 2005,Volume 2, Number 5.
Valanis B, Vollmer W, Labuhn K, Glass A. Acute symptoms associated with
antineoplastic drug handling among nurses. Cancer Nurs 1993;16:288295.
Saurel-Cubizolles M. Ectopic pregnancy and occupational exposure toantineoplastic drugs. Lancet1993;34:11691171.
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SkovT, Maarup B,Olsen J, Rorth M, Winthereik H, Lynge E. Leukaemia andreproductive outcome among nurses handling drugs.Br J Ind Med1992;49:855861.
Meirow D, Schiff E. Appraisal of chemotherapy effects on reproductiveoutcome according to animal studies and clinical data.J NatlCancer Inst
Monogr2005;34:2125.Dranitsaris G, Johnson M, Poirier S, et al. Are health care providers who work
with cancer drugs at an increased risk for toxic events? A systematicreview and meta-analysis of the literature.J Oncol Pharm Pract2005;11:6978.
SelevanSG, Lindbohm ML, Hornung RW, Hemminki K. A study of
occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs and fetal loss in nurses. NEngl J Med1985;313:11731178.
Stcker I, Caillard JF, Collin R, et al. Risk of spontaneous abortion amongnurses handling antineoplastic drugs. Scand J Work Environ Health1990;16:102107.
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Hemminki K, Kyyrnen P, Lindbohm ML. Spontaneous abortions andmalformations in the offspring of nurses exposed to anesthetic gases,cytostatic drugs, and other potential hazards in hospitals, based onregistered information of outcome.J Epidemiol Community Health
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Hospital Personnel. Reproductie-toxische effecten bijziekenhuispersonel.Netherlands: Elsevier; 1999.
Valanis B, Vollmer WM, Steele P.Occupational exposure to antineoplasticagents: self-reported miscarriages and stillbirths among nurses and
pharmacists.J Occup Environ Med1999;41: 632638.Zhao SF, Zhang XC, Wang QF, BaoYS.The effects of occupational exposure
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