organizing outlining speech

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Organizing and Outlining the Speech

Principles of Organization

Main Points

Introduction

Conclusion

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Transitions

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Organizing and Outlining the Speech(continued)

Outlining

• Why Does Organization Matter?

• Critical Thinking

• The Components of a Speech: Main Points, Introduction, Conclusion,

and Transitions

• Patterns of Organization: Informative, Persuasive, and

Commemorative

• Building a Speech: Starting with an Outline

Principles of Organization

Organizing and Outlining the Speech > Principles of Organization

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• Public speakers can structure the audience's experience through skillful

organization. As you write your speech, decide what you want your audience to

feel in the beginning, middle, and end of your speech.

• An effective speech should balance information, knowledge, and wisdom.

• Information is the foundation of knowledge; knowledge is the basis of wisdom.

Why Does Organization Matter?

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• Critical thinking consists of intentional, reflective thinking about a given set of

information and determining not only what to believe about that information but

also how to act on it ([[fig:17212]]).

• Critical thinking consists of the following six key processes and actions: clarifying

goals, examining assumptions, discerning hidden values, evaluating evidence,

accomplishing actions, and assessing conclusions.

• You must utilize the many elements of critical thinking to pinpoint your goals and

articulate compelling, relevant, accurate evidence in your speech. Additionally,

critical thinking allows you to examine your thesis from opposing viewpoints,

giving you further strategies to bolster your argument.

Critical Thinking

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Critical Thinking

• Composing a speech is different from writing an essay. Write with listeners in

mind, not readers.

• The bulk of a speech is different from the body of an essay. Where an essay

builds an intricate progression of topic sentences, concrete details, and short

commentaries, a speech should illustrate a few main points.

• Public speakers can emphasize transition points with visual aids, body language,

vocal delivery, and transitional words and phrases.

The Components of a Speech: Main Points, Introduction, Conclusion, and Transitions

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Transitioning Together

• When you begin organizing your speech, determine what your broader purpose

is--to inform, persuade, or commemorate.

• Keep the purpose of your speech in mind as you try different structural models.

• Different structures are suited to different purposes, and you may have to

experiment with a few models before you find the right one for your speech.

Patterns of Organization: Informative, Persuasive, and Commemorative

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• If you are having trouble writing your outline, try brainstorming first.

• A topic outline, or a general list of topics, evidence, quotes, and other details, is a

good way to organize your main points and create a general overview of the

speech.

• If you want to make an outline that includes text from the actual speech, write a

sentence outline.

Building a Speech: Starting with an Outline

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Presentation Outline

• Choosing the Main Points

• Ordering the Main Points

• Highlighting the Main Points

Main Points

Organizing and Outlining the Speech > Main Points

• If you are speaking to a homogeneous audience, research the particular interests

of that group and tailor your speech to meet their needs.

• If you are speaking to a heterogeneous audience, try to find points that will

interest each segment of your audience, and also a common purpose to unify

diverse elements.

• As you choose your main points, ask yourself what is at stake for the audience.

Why should that particular group of people care about your topic? How will it

affect them?

Choosing the Main Points

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Audience at the Humanities Theater

• When ordering main points, the speaker should consider the audience and find a

way to make sure the points are arranged to help retention and clarity.

• Try to limit a speech to 3 or 4 main points with supporting sub-points to make

sure the audience is not overwhelmed with too much information.

• Each of the main points would require additional support and evidence in a

speech and are identified only to aid the conceptualization of the organizational

forms.

Ordering the Main Points

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I Hope this Flows

• 65% of Americans are primarily visual learners, while 30% work best with auditory

learning and 5% thrive with kinesthetic (or hands-on, touch-based) learning. This

puts public speakers at a disadvantage, since only 30% of Americans learn best

by listening.

• Public speakers should accept the reality of distractible audiences and take

responsibility for getting the message across despite this challenge.

• Public speakers can emphasize their main points using visual and textual cues.

Highlighting the Main Points

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• The Role of the Introduction

• Getting Attention and Interest

• Establishing Credibility

• Introducing the Topic, Thesis, and Main Points

Introduction

Organizing and Outlining the Speech > Introduction

• The introduction is a sales pitch and a useful outline in one, so it should maintain

a good balance of hype and content.

• The introduction has five important responsibilities: get the audience's attention,

introduce the topic, explain its relevance to the audience, state a thesis or

purpose, and outline the main points.

• By the end of the introduction, you should provide a road map that outlines your

main points.

The Role of the Introduction

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Speech Introduction

• The opening of a speech is the most important time to get the audience's

attention and generate interest.

• One way to grab the audience's attention is to begin with something surprising,

shocking, or controversial.

• If a subdued approach is more appropriate, try opening with a question. In

academic contexts, it may be best to start by situating your talk within the existing

conversation.

Getting Attention and Interest

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What's Inside the Box

• Don't rely on the content of your speech to gain credibility with the audience. Self-

presentation is important too, since the audience will start judging you before you

begin speaking.

• Establish your authority to speak about your topic by stating the source of your

knowledge: experience, training, or research.

• When you speak to a skeptical audiences, begin by finding common ground.

Acknowledge the appeal of opposing perspectives before you make a strong

case for your own opinion.

Establishing Credibility

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Speaker at Social Media Art Camp

• Describe the scope of your speech when you introduce your topic.

• State your thesis or purpose clearly and with emphasis in one to three sentences.

• Provide an overview of your main points before you launch into the body of the

speech.

Introducing the Topic, Thesis, and Main Points

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Speaker Addressing Crowd

• The Role of the Conclusion

• Summarizing Ideas

• Signaling the Ending and Managing Q&A

Conclusion

Organizing and Outlining the Speech > Conclusion

• The end of your speech is going to be the audience's lasting impression of

everything you've said. Use your conclusion as an opportunity to remind them of

your main points.

• Reiterating your introduction in your conclusion will bring the audience's mind

back to the overall purpose and message of your speech.

• When a speaker just suddenly stops speaking, the audience is left confused and

disappointed. A conclusion serves to ensure audiences are left knowledgeable

and satisfied with your speeches.

The Role of the Conclusion

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Bill Gates making a speech

• Three main areas of your speech should be summarized in your conclusion: your

primary message, your main points, and what you want your audience to take

away from your speech.

• A summary should concisely revisit what you've just been speaking about in a

way that is accessible for your audience.

• Summaries should be lean, only including the most crucial information and ideas.

• Your conclusion should be an overview of your speech. There is no need to

elaborate or use examples, as this should have been done in the body of your

speech.

Summarizing Ideas

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Bill Gates Speaking

• To signal the end of your speech, you can use concluding phrases and vary the

tone of your voice to wind down your conclusion.

• Managing Q&A sessions is an important skill and will help your audience gain

more in-depth information that is relevant to them.

• To successfully facilitate a Q&A session, it is important you are as knowledgeable

about your topic as possible. If, however, you are asked a question that you

cannot answer, it is crucial to stay calm and still answer professionally.

Signaling the Ending and Managing Q&A

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Questions

• The Role of Transitions

• Types of Transitions

• Using Transitions

Transitions

Organizing and Outlining the Speech > Transitions

• Adding transitions may be the last step in building your presentation, but that

does not minimize their importance.

• A speech without transitions often seems choppy, and can even seem

unorganized.

• You can use transitions to signal that you are stressing a point that you have

already made.

The Role of Transitions

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Detour

• Transitional phrases are words or phrases indicating that a speaker has finished

one thought and is moving onto another one.

• Internal previews cue the audience to listen for the key elements within major

points of the speech.

• Internal summaries review the key points a speaker just made.

• Signposts are often the numerical indications of the main body points.

Types of Transitions

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Where are We Going?

• You can use transitions along with hand movements to emphasize a point.

• You can use transitions to indicate that you are going to talk about the past or the

future and then add movement to physically take your audience there.

• Transitions can also be used with facial expressions.

Using Transitions

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John F. Kennedy

• Reasons to Outline

• The Preparation Outline

• The Speaking Outline

• The Rough Draft Outline

Outlining

Organizing and Outlining the Speech > Outlining

• An outline helps you group ideas into main points and see their logical

connections.

• It is important to create an outline before you deliver your speech, as it will act as

your guide to effectively sequence your information and ensure you touch on all

your main points.

• Outlining allows you to ensure your speech flows smoothly.

• Use an outline as a tool for delivery of extemporaneous speaking.

Reasons to Outline

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Outlining

• The types of preparation outlines for speeches vary, however, it is up to the

presenter to choose the format that best fits the content and personal style of the

presentation.

• Common outline styles include sentence outlines, topics outlines, chronological

outlines, and alphanumeric outlines.

• Similar to any traditional outlines, preparation outlines include a speech title,

introduction, body, conclusion, and supporting references or sources.

The Preparation Outline

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Typing

• The speaking outline covers the main points and aids the speaker's memory on

certain topics.

• Speaking outlines generally include an introduction, body, conclusion, and

transitions.

• To successfully deliver an outlined speech, it helps for presenters to be subject

matter <a href="http://cms.boundless.com/editor/#">experts</a>, or at least

sufficiently knowledgeable about the topic.

The Speaking Outline

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Speech Notes

• Rough draft outlines help form the skeleton of the speaker's speech and provide

a pattern from which the speaker writes his or her main statement, argument, and

supporting points.

• Prior to starting the rough draft outline, some research should be completed.

• Similar to traditional outlines, rough draft outlines should include notes on the

introduction, body, and conclusion.

• Rough draft outlines ultimately change as the speechwriter conducts additional

research and continues to shape his or her speech topic.

The Rough Draft Outline

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Speech Paper

Appendix

Key terms

• anecdote An account or story which supports an argument, but which is not supported by scientific or statistical analysis. (

CC BY-SA 3.0)

• applicable Suitable for application; relevant. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• body language Body language is a form of mental and physical ability of human non-verbal communication. It consists of body posture, gestures, facial expressions, and eye movements. Humans send and interpret such signals almost entirely subconsciously. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• chronological In order of time from the earliest to the latest (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• colloquial Denoting a manner of speaking or writing that is characteristic of familiar conversation; informal. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• commemorative speech A commemorative speech honors, celebrates, or remembers its subject. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• concise brief, yet including all important information (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• conclusion The end, finish, close, or last part of something. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• credibility The objective and subjective components of the believability of a source or message. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• critical thinking he application of logical principles, rigorous standards of evidence, and careful reasoning to the analysis and discussion of claims, beliefs, and issues (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• detour A diversion or deviation from one's original route. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• draft A preliminary sketch; rough outline. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• elaborate (used with on when used with an object) To give further detail or explanation (about). (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• heterogeneous Diverse in kind or nature; composed of diverse parts. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• homogeneous Having the same composition throughout; of uniform make-up. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• information The category of information includes facts, figures, and concepts taken from primary and secondary texts. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• informative speech An informative speech educates the audience about its topic. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• introduction A means of presenting one person to another. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• knowledge Familiarity or understanding of a particular skill, branch of learning, etc. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• outline A list used to present the main points or topics of a given subject, often used as a rough draft or summary of the content of a document. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• persuasive speech A persuasive speech makes a convincing case for its position or viewpoint. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• prepare to make ready for a specific future purpose; to set up; to assemble. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• reconcile To make things compatible or consistent. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• sentence outline A sentence outline expresses the central ideas of a speech in complete sentences. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• sub points A sub point has a direct, specific relation to its major point that you can make clear by the organizational method you choose. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• textual cue Textual cues are signals within the language of a speech: key words and phrases, examples, anecdotes, and selections of text that appear on a slide or handout. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• thesis A concise summary of the argument or main points, usually one to three sentences long. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• topic Subject; theme; a category or general area of interest. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• topic outline A topic outline is a hierarchical list of a speech's main points. Topic outlines use keywords and short phrases rather than complete sentences. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• transition The process of change from one form, state, style, or place to another. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• visual cue A visual cues is a signal the audience can see. Examples of visual cues include slides, handouts, charts, and also the speaker's body language. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• wisdom Wisdom refers to insight that is gained from knowledge. This category includes truth, opinion, and perception. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• writer's block The inability to begin or continue work on a piece of writing; normally temporary. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

Merlin Steam Engine

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Critical Thinking

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Transitioning Together

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Presentation Outline

Audience at the Humanities Theater

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I Hope this Flows

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Speech Introduction

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What's Inside the Box

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Speaker at Social Media Art Camp

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Speaker Addressing Crowd

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Bill Gates making a speech

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Bill Gates Speaking

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Questions

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Detour

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Where are We Going?

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John F. Kennedy

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Outlining

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Typing

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Speech Notes

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Speech Paper

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Which of the following represents the information element of a speech about white collar crimes in corporate America?

A) Statistics about the number of white collar crimes committed in corporate America

B) Stories about white collar crime criminals in corporate America

C) Principles and contexts around white collar crime in corporate America

D) Expert opinions on why white collar crimes are committed in corporate America

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Which of the following represents the information element of a speech about white collar crimes in corporate America?

A) Statistics about the number of white collar crimes committed in corporate America

B) Stories about white collar crime criminals in corporate America

C) Principles and contexts around white collar crime in corporate America

D) Expert opinions on why white collar crimes are committed in corporate America

The category of _______ includes facts, figures, and concepts taken from primary and secondary texts.

A) transition

B) information

C) persuasive speech

D) commemorative speech

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http://www.boundless.com//communications/definition/information

The category of _______ includes facts, figures, and concepts taken from primary and secondary texts.

A) transition

B) information

C) persuasive speech

_______ refers to insight that is gained from knowledge. This category includes truth, opinion, and perception.

A) transition

B) informative speech

C) commemorative speech

D) wisdom

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_______ refers to insight that is gained from knowledge. This category includes truth, opinion, and perception.

A) transition

D) wisdom

Familiarity or understanding of a particular skill, branch of learning, etc.

A) persuasive speech

B) knowledge

C) topic outline

D) sentence outline

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comWiktionary. "knowledge." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/knowledge

A) persuasive speech

B) knowledge

C) topic outline

D) sentence outline

A) topic

B) choose

C) interest

D) knowledge

A) topic

B) choose

C) interest

D) knowledge

A) knowledge

B) co-located

C) psychographics

D) favorability

A) knowledge

B) co-located

C) psychographics

D) favorability

Knowledge, one of the three main registers of meaning, provides which of the following material for a well-crafted speech?

A) Knowledge refers to insight that is gained from information.

B) Knowledge includes truth, opinion, and perception.

C) Knowledge includes acts, figures, and concepts taken from primary and secondary texts.

D) Knowledge refers to the ideas that come from processing information, rather than from the information itself.

Knowledge, one of the three main registers of meaning, provides which of the following material for a well-crafted speech?

A) Knowledge refers to insight that is gained from information.

B) Knowledge includes truth, opinion, and perception.

C) Knowledge includes acts, figures, and concepts taken from primary and secondary texts.

D) Knowledge refers to the ideas that come from processing information, rather than from the information itself.

The application of logical principles, rigorous standards of evidence, and careful reasoning to the analysis and discussion of claims, beliefs, and issues.

A) persuasive

B) networking

C) orator

D) critical thinking

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The application of logical principles, rigorous standards of evidence, and careful reasoning to the analysis and discussion of claims, beliefs, and issues.

A) persuasive

B) networking

C) orator

D) critical thinking

What is critical thinking?

A) Intentional, reflective thinking that helps you determine what to believe and how to act on it.

B) Something that informs, persuades, demonstrates, or entertains.

C) All of these answers.

D) Successful delivery of a speech that relies on logical structure and organization of thought.

What is critical thinking?

A) Intentional, reflective thinking that helps you determine what to believe and how to act on it.

B) Something that informs, persuades, demonstrates, or entertains.

D) Successful delivery of a speech that relies on logical structure and organization of thought.

Critical thinking consists of six key processes and actions. Which of the following best describes the process of clarifying goals?

A) Before outlining your speech, consider exactly what you want to accomplish.

B) Ask yourself if you have considered all the possible ways to present your thesis and evidence.

C) Think about what actions you hope your speech will provoke.

D) Select the best possible evidence to support your thesis.

Critical thinking consists of six key processes and actions. Which of the following best describes the process of clarifying goals?

A) Before outlining your speech, consider exactly what you want to accomplish.

B) Ask yourself if you have considered all the possible ways to present your thesis and evidence.

C) Think about what actions you hope your speech will provoke.

D) Select the best possible evidence to support your thesis.

Which of the following is considered a connecting transition word in a speech?

A) likewise

B) however

C) nevertheless

D) therefore

Which of the following is considered a connecting transition word in a speech?

A) likewise

B) however

C) nevertheless

D) therefore

The process of change from one form, state, style, or place to another.

A) anecdote

B) body language

C) transition

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comWiktionary. "transition." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/transition

A) anecdote

B) body language

C) transition

A) anecdote

B) transition

C) detour

D) draft

A) anecdote

B) transition

C) detour

D) draft

A) transition

B) body language

C) sentence outline

D) detour

A) transition

B) body language

C) sentence outline

D) detour

A) informative speech

B) transition

C) wisdom

D) topic outline

B) transition

C) wisdom

D) topic outline

A) audience

B) brainstorming

C) reiterate

D) transition

A) audience

B) brainstorming

C) reiterate

D) transition

The point in a speech that summarizes the main points and states a strong thesis is called the

A) transition.

B) conclusion.

C) body.

D) introduction.

The point in a speech that summarizes the main points and states a strong thesis is called the

A) transition.

B) conclusion.

C) body.

D) introduction.

Which organizational patterns are useful for persuasive speaking?

A) Comparison/contrast

B) Problem-Cause-Solution

C) Psychological

D) All of the answers

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Which organizational patterns are useful for persuasive speaking?

A) Comparison/contrast

B) Problem-Cause-Solution

C) Psychological

D) All of the answers

A _______ makes a convincing case for its position or viewpoint.

A) transition

B) knowledge

C) wisdom

D) persuasive speech

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A _______ makes a convincing case for its position or viewpoint.

A) transition

B) knowledge

C) wisdom

D) persuasive speech

A _______ honors, celebrates, or remembers its subject.

A) knowledge

B) information

D) wisdom

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A _______ honors, celebrates, or remembers its subject.

A) knowledge

B) information

D) wisdom

An _______ educates the audience about its topic.

A) transition

B) knowledge

C) wisdom

D) informative speech

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An _______ educates the audience about its topic.

A) transition

B) knowledge

C) wisdom

A speech that should make a convincing case for its position is referred to as a

A) informative speech.

B) categorical speech.

C) commemorative speech.

D) persuasive speech.

A speech that should make a convincing case for its position is referred to as a

A) informative speech.

B) categorical speech.

C) commemorative speech.

D) persuasive speech.

A _______ expresses the central ideas of a speech in complete sentences.

A) sentence outline

B) transition

D) wisdom

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A _______ expresses the central ideas of a speech in complete sentences.

A) sentence outline

B) transition

D) wisdom

A list used to present the main points or topics of a given subject, often used as a rough draft or summary of the content of a document.

A) prepare

B) coherent

C) draft

D) outline

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comWikipedia. "outline." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/outline

A) prepare

B) coherent

C) draft

D) outline

A) outline

B) prepare

C) coherent

D) draft

A) outline

B) prepare

C) coherent

D) draft

Which of the following techniques is best for speech writers, who prefer using flowcharts and "idea maps" to connect their facts and ideas, before writing their speech?

A) Topic outlines

B) Cue cards

C) Sentence outlines

D) Brainstorming

Which of the following techniques is best for speech writers, who prefer using flowcharts and "idea maps" to connect their facts and ideas, before writing their speech?

A) Topic outlines

B) Cue cards

C) Sentence outlines

D) Brainstorming

A) transition

B) outline

C) informative speech

D) information

A) transition

B) outline

C) informative speech

D) information

A _______ is a hierarchical list of a speech's main points. _______s use keywords and short phrases rather than complete sentences.

A) transition

B) knowledge

C) topic outline

D) information

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A _______ is a hierarchical list of a speech's main points. _______s use keywords and short phrases rather than complete sentences.

A) transition

B) knowledge

C) topic outline

D) information

A) wisdom

B) heterogeneous

C) outline

D) prepare

A) wisdom

B) heterogeneous

C) outline

D) prepare

Which of the following best describes a commemorative speech?

A) A speech that assumes your audience already has preconceptions about your topic.

B) A speech that provides a foundation of relevant information and presents further useful knowledge.

C) A speech that compiles stories and wisdom to help honor, remember, or celebrate something.

D) All of these answers.

Which of the following best describes a commemorative speech?

A) A speech that assumes your audience already has preconceptions about your topic.

B) A speech that provides a foundation of relevant information and presents further useful knowledge.

C) A speech that compiles stories and wisdom to help honor, remember, or celebrate something.

Having the same composition throughout; of uniform make-up.

A) visual cue

B) homogeneous

C) textual cue

D) applicable

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Having the same composition throughout; of uniform make-up.

A) visual cue

B) homogeneous

C) textual cue

D) applicable

Diverse in kind or nature; composed of diverse parts.

A) visual cue

B) textual cue

C) prepare

D) heterogeneous

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comWiktionary. "heterogeneous." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/heterogeneous

Diverse in kind or nature; composed of diverse parts.

A) visual cue

B) textual cue

C) prepare

D) heterogeneous

Which of the following is an example of a homogeneous audience?

A) The attendees at a funeral.

B) A group of students at a large urban university.

C) The attendees at a public service awards ceremony.

D) A group of executives at a corporate retreat.

Which of the following is an example of a homogeneous audience?

A) The attendees at a funeral.

B) A group of students at a large urban university.

C) The attendees at a public service awards ceremony.

D) A group of executives at a corporate retreat.

In order of time from the earliest to the latest

A) chronological

B) plagiarism

C) exposition

D) eloquence

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In order of time from the earliest to the latest

A) chronological

B) plagiarism

C) exposition

D) eloquence

A sub point has a direct, specific relation to its major point that you can make clear by the organizational method you choose.

A) visual cue

B) textual cue

C) sub points

D) homogeneous

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A sub point has a direct, specific relation to its major point that you can make clear by the organizational method you choose.

A) visual cue

B) textual cue

C) sub points

D) homogeneous

Which of the following best describes how to order based on cause and effect?

A) Proceed systematically from one place to the next, following a clear order.

B) Identify a problem, followed by a possible solution.

C) Explain what causes something to happen, and the result of that occurrence.

D) Take two or more entities and draw attention to their differences and/or similarities.

Which of the following best describes how to order based on cause and effect?

A) Proceed systematically from one place to the next, following a clear order.

B) Identify a problem, followed by a possible solution.

C) Explain what causes something to happen, and the result of that occurrence.

D) Take two or more entities and draw attention to their differences and/or similarities.

When you outline your speech, you discover that your three main points are supported by 1, 3, and 3 points respectively. What does this indicate to you?

A) That you did not do enough research

B) That the body of your speech will be too short

C) That your main points will not be clear enough

D) That your speech lacks balance and proportion

When you outline your speech, you discover that your three main points are supported by 1, 3, and 3 points respectively. What does this indicate to you?

A) That you did not do enough research

B) That the body of your speech will be too short

C) That your main points will not be clear enough

D) That your speech lacks balance and proportion

A _______s is a signal the audience can see. Examples of _______s include slides, handouts, charts, and also the speaker's body language.

A) visual cue

B) conclusion

C) homogeneous

D) heterogeneous

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A _______s is a signal the audience can see. Examples of _______s include slides, handouts, charts, and also the speaker's body language.

A) visual cue

B) conclusion

C) homogeneous

D) heterogeneous

Which of the following is an example of highlighting using signal words and phrases?

A) Use visual aids with key phrases so the words stay in place and the audience is forced to remember.

B) Use words that command your audiences attention, such as "important," "crucial," or "vital."

C) Use charts, graphs, and pictures to emphasize your main point.

D) Use your tone of voice as if it were putting the important words in your speech in italics.

Which of the following is an example of highlighting using signal words and phrases?

A) Use visual aids with key phrases so the words stay in place and the audience is forced to remember.

B) Use words that command your audiences attention, such as "important," "crucial," or "vital."

C) Use charts, graphs, and pictures to emphasize your main point.

D) Use your tone of voice as if it were putting the important words in your speech in italics.

_______s are signals within the language of a speech: key words and phrases, examples, anecdotes, and selections of text that appear on a slide or handout.

A) homogeneous

B) heterogeneous

C) colloquial

D) textual cue

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_______s are signals within the language of a speech: key words and phrases, examples, anecdotes, and selections of text that appear on a slide or handout.

A) homogeneous

B) heterogeneous

C) colloquial

D) textual cue

A means of presenting one person to another.

A) anecdote

B) topic

C) introduction

D) credibility

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comWiktionary. "introduction." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/introduction

A) anecdote

B) topic

C) introduction

D) credibility

A) toast

B) farewell

C) introduction

D) humble

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A) toast

B) farewell

C) introduction

D) humble

A successful introduction should

A) establish your credibility.

B) All of these answers.

C) lay out a road map of your speech.

D) explain the relevance of your topic to your audience.

A successful introduction should

A) establish your credibility.

C) lay out a road map of your speech.

D) explain the relevance of your topic to your audience.

An account or story which supports an argument, but which is not supported by scientific or statistical analysis.

A) segue

B) brainstorming

C) anecdote

D) transition

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A) segue

B) brainstorming

C) anecdote

D) transition

You have been invited to speak to a class of third graders (ages 8 or 9) on ways to avoid catching a cold. Which of the following would be the most effective way to get the students’ attention at the beginning of your speech?

A) Ask them “How many of you like catching colds?”

B) Tell a story about the time you got to skip school for a week because you caught a bad cold.

C) Pretend to sneeze into your hand several times as you walk up to a student. Then, wipe the back of that hand across your nose before extending it to the student for a hand shake.

D) Provide data that show 2% of all colds progress to life-threatening conditions like pneumonia or pleurisy.

You have been invited to speak to a class of third graders (ages 8 or 9) on ways to avoid catching a cold. Which of the following would be the most effective way to get the students’ attention at the beginning of your speech?

A) Ask them “How many of you like catching colds?”

B) Tell a story about the time you got to skip school for a week because you caught a bad cold.

C) Pretend to sneeze into your hand several times as you walk up to a student. Then, wipe the back of that hand across your nose before extending it to the student for a hand shake.

D) Provide data that show 2% of all colds progress to life-threatening conditions like pneumonia or pleurisy.

Which of the following is a strong strategy for opening your speech with panache?

A) State your topic and thesis.

B) Make a controversial or provocative statement.

C) List the main points you will make in your speech.

Which of the following is a strong strategy for opening your speech with panache?

A) State your topic and thesis.

B) Make a controversial or provocative statement.

C) List the main points you will make in your speech.

A) An anecdote

B) A demonstration

C) An example

D) A testimonial

A) An anecdote

B) A demonstration

C) An example

D) A testimonial

A) scientific evidence

B) comprehendible

C) Median

D) anecdote

A) scientific evidence

B) comprehendible

C) Median

D) anecdote

A) topic

B) anecdote

C) credibility

D) introduction

A) topic

B) anecdote

C) credibility

D) introduction

The objective and subjective components of the believability of a source or message.

A) anecdote

B) credibility

C) topic

D) introduction

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comWikipedia. "credibility." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/credibility

A) anecdote

B) credibility

C) topic

D) introduction

A) credibility

B) understanding

C) memory

D) mnemonic

A) credibility

B) understanding

C) memory

D) mnemonic

A) search engine

B) keyword

C) database

D) credibility

A) search engine

B) keyword

C) database

D) credibility

Which of the following is a method of gaining credibility, specifically with a skeptical or hostile audience?

A) Refer to outside authorities that agree with your viewpoint.

B) Reveal a personal connection to your topic.

D) Identify a shared goal and return to that goal throughout the speech.

Which of the following is a method of gaining credibility, specifically with a skeptical or hostile audience?

A) Refer to outside authorities that agree with your viewpoint.

B) Reveal a personal connection to your topic.

D) Identify a shared goal and return to that goal throughout the speech.

Why should you introduce your topic and state a thesis as early as possible in your speech?

A) Your audience is unlikely to listen to your speech for longer than five minutes.

C) After you grab your audience's attention, you only have a small window to prove your speech's value.

D) If you wait to state your thesis, you will build your audience's anticipation and excitement.

Why should you introduce your topic and state a thesis as early as possible in your speech?

A) Your audience is unlikely to listen to your speech for longer than five minutes.

C) After you grab your audience's attention, you only have a small window to prove your speech's value.

D) If you wait to state your thesis, you will build your audience's anticipation and excitement.

Subject; theme; a category or general area of interest.

A) anecdote

B) topic

C) credibility

D) introduction

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comWiktionary. "topic." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/topic

A) anecdote

B) topic

C) credibility

D) introduction

A concise summary of the argument or main points, usually one to three sentences long.

A) anecdote

B) thesis

C) credibility

D) introduction

http://www.boundless.com//communications/definition/thesis

A) anecdote

B) thesis

C) credibility

D) introduction

A) thesis

B) plagiarism

C) stereotype

D) eloquence

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comBoundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com//communications/definition/thesis

A) thesis

B) plagiarism

C) stereotype

D) eloquence

A) purpose

B) thesis

C) specific

D) general

http://www.boundless.com//communications/definition/thesis

A) purpose

B) thesis

C) specific

D) general

A) brainstorming

B) expert

C) topic

D) choose

A) brainstorming

B) expert

C) topic

D) choose

A) topic

B) thesis

C) ethnocentrism

D) writer's block

A) topic

B) thesis

C) ethnocentrism

D) writer's block

A) brainstorming

B) expert

C) knowledge

D) topic

A) brainstorming

B) expert

C) knowledge

D) topic

Suitable for application; relevant.

A) elaborate

B) applicable

C) concise

D) colloquial

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Suitable for application; relevant.

A) elaborate

B) applicable

C) concise

D) colloquial

To make things compatible or consistent.

A) reconcile

B) elaborate

C) concise

D) colloquial

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comWiktionary. "reconcile." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/reconcile

To make things compatible or consistent.

A) reconcile

B) elaborate

C) concise

D) colloquial

Which of the following best describes the role of a conclusion in a speech?

A) To summarize the main points of the speech

B) To lead into the Q&A session

D) To help the audience remember the primary message from the speech

Which of the following best describes the role of a conclusion in a speech?

A) To summarize the main points of the speech

B) To lead into the Q&A session

D) To help the audience remember the primary message from the speech

When should a speaker summarize the main points of his or her speech?

A) During the body of the speech

B) After the introduction

C) After restating the primary message of the speech

D) During the Q&A session

When should a speaker summarize the main points of his or her speech?

A) During the body of the speech

B) After the introduction

C) After restating the primary message of the speech

D) During the Q&A session

brief, yet including all important information

A) applicable

B) concise

C) reconcile

D) colloquial

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brief, yet including all important information

A) applicable

B) concise

C) reconcile

D) colloquial

(used with on when used with an object) To give further detail or explanation (about).

A) applicable

B) reconcile

C) elaborate

D) colloquial

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comWiktionary. "elaborate." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/elaborate

(used with on when used with an object) To give further detail or explanation (about).

A) applicable

B) reconcile

C) elaborate

D) colloquial

Denoting a manner of speaking or writing that is characteristic of familiar conversation; informal.

A) applicable

B) colloquial

C) reconcile

D) elaborate

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comWiktionary. "colloquial." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/colloquial

Denoting a manner of speaking or writing that is characteristic of familiar conversation; informal.

A) applicable

B) colloquial

C) reconcile

D) elaborate

The end, finish, close, or last part of something.

A) conclusion

B) applicable

C) reconcile

D) elaborate

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comWiktionary. "conclusion." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/conclusion

The end, finish, close, or last part of something.

A) conclusion

B) applicable

C) reconcile

D) elaborate

Which of the following is a technique speakers can use to signal that he or she has reached the end of a speech?

A) By using the phrase "However"

B) By using the phrase "Finally"

C) By ending the speech abruptly

D) By offering to respond to questions

Which of the following is a technique speakers can use to signal that he or she has reached the end of a speech?

A) By using the phrase "However"

B) By using the phrase "Finally"

C) By ending the speech abruptly

D) By offering to respond to questions

While managing a Q&A session following his presentation, Eric found himself unable to answer a question posed by one of the audience members. Which of the following tactics should Eric take to maintain control of the session?

A) Promise to provide a more thorough answer at a later time

B) Improvise and make up an answer

C) Become hostile and defensive

D) Spend significant time on the question before responding

While managing a Q&A session following his presentation, Eric found himself unable to answer a question posed by one of the audience members. Which of the following tactics should Eric take to maintain control of the session?

A) Promise to provide a more thorough answer at a later time

B) Improvise and make up an answer

C) Become hostile and defensive

D) Spend significant time on the question before responding

A diversion or deviation from one's original route.

A) detour

B) transition

C) body language

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comWiktionary. "detour." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/detour

A diversion or deviation from one's original route.

A) detour

B) transition

C) body language

A) anecdote

B) body language

C) transition

A) anecdote

B) body language

C) transition

A) body language

B) sentence outline

C) detour

D) transition

A) body language

B) sentence outline

C) detour

D) transition

B) wisdom

C) topic outline

D) transition

B) wisdom

C) topic outline

D) transition

A) transition

B) anecdote

C) detour

D) draft

A) transition

B) anecdote

C) detour

D) draft

A) audience

B) brainstorming

C) transition

D) reiterate

A) audience

B) brainstorming

C) transition

D) reiterate

Writers should fill in transitions during which step of the speech writing process?

A) After creating an introduction and conclusion

B) After generating main points and organizing them strategically

C) Before developing a general premise

D) Before creating an introduction and conclusion

Writers should fill in transitions during which step of the speech writing process?

A) After creating an introduction and conclusion

B) After generating main points and organizing them strategically

C) Before developing a general premise

D) Before creating an introduction and conclusion

Which set of transitional devices are both varied and consistent?

A) Generally, as a rule, for example, in essence

B) Next, then, after, finally

C) Aside from, except, to put it differently, likewise

D) Comparatively, correspondingly, especially, likewise

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comSaylor OER. "Communication « Saylor.org – Free Online Courses Built by Professors."

CC BY 3.0 http://www.saylor.org/majors/Communication/

Which set of transitional devices are both varied and consistent?

A) Generally, as a rule, for example, in essence

B) Next, then, after, finally

C) Aside from, except, to put it differently, likewise

D) Comparatively, correspondingly, especially, likewise

A) body language

B) transition

C) sentence outline

D) detour

A) body language

B) transition

C) sentence outline

D) detour

A) transition

C) wisdom

D) topic outline

A) transition

C) wisdom

D) topic outline

A) transition

B) anecdote

C) detour

D) draft

A) transition

B) anecdote

C) detour

D) draft

A) anecdote

B) body language

C) transition

A) anecdote

B) body language

C) transition

A) audience

B) transition

C) brainstorming

D) reiterate

A) audience

B) transition

C) brainstorming

D) reiterate

In the middle of his presentation, Dan stated, "Now that we have discussed the three principles of sustainability, let's talk about some examples of corporate social responsibility." Dan is using which of the following types of transitional phrases in his presentation?

A) Internal preview

B) Internal summary

C) Signpost

D) Numerical indication

In the middle of his presentation, Dan stated, "Now that we have discussed the three principles of sustainability, let's talk about some examples of corporate social responsibility." Dan is using which of the following types of transitional phrases in his presentation?

A) Internal preview

B) Internal summary

C) Signpost

D) Numerical indication

Which of the following words/phrases is considered a transition?

A) And

C) Lastly

D) On the contrary

Which of the following words/phrases is considered a transition?

A) And

C) Lastly

D) On the contrary

_______ is a form of mental and physical ability of human non-verbal communication, which consists of body posture, gestures, facial expressions, and eye movements. Humans send and interpret such signals almost entirely subconsciously.

A) transition

B) textual cue

C) detour

D) body language

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comWikipedia. "body language." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/body+language

A) transition

B) textual cue

C) detour

D) body language

A) anecdote

B) detour

C) draft

D) transition

A) anecdote

B) detour

C) draft

D) transition

A) body language

B) sentence outline

C) transition

D) detour

A) body language

B) sentence outline

C) transition

D) detour

B) wisdom

C) topic outline

D) transition

B) wisdom

C) topic outline

D) transition

A) anecdote

B) body language

C) transition

A) anecdote

B) body language

C) transition

A) audience

B) transition

C) brainstorming

D) reiterate

A) audience

B) transition

C) brainstorming

D) reiterate

A) body language

B) brainstorming

C) abstract

D) stereotype

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comWikipedia. "body language." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/body+language

A) body language

B) brainstorming

C) abstract

D) stereotype

Which of the following gestures paired with transitions is likely to be view as positive by audiences?

A) Finger pointing

B) An open-palmed hand spread wide

C) A closed fist

D) Shaking the head from side to side

Which of the following gestures paired with transitions is likely to be view as positive by audiences?

A) Finger pointing

B) An open-palmed hand spread wide

C) A closed fist

D) Shaking the head from side to side

A) prepare

B) outline

C) coherent

D) draft

A) prepare

B) outline

C) coherent

D) draft

A) transition

C) information

D) outline

A) transition

C) information

D) outline

A) prepare

B) coherent

C) draft

D) outline

A) prepare

B) coherent

C) draft

D) outline

A) wisdom

B) heterogeneous

C) outline

D) prepare

A) wisdom

B) heterogeneous

C) outline

D) prepare

An outline helps writers prepare their speech by

A) constructing a structure to follow during the presentation.

B) showing the relationship among ideas in the speaker's writing.

C) presenting the material in a flow chart form.

D) creating a script of what the speaker wants to say.

An outline helps writers prepare their speech by

A) constructing a structure to follow during the presentation.

B) showing the relationship among ideas in the speaker's writing.

C) presenting the material in a flow chart form.

D) creating a script of what the speaker wants to say.

to make ready for a specific future purpose; to set up; to assemble.

A) outline

B) coherent

C) prepare

D) draft

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to make ready for a specific future purpose; to set up; to assemble.

A) outline

B) coherent

C) prepare

D) draft

A preparation outline that uses an alphanumeric style structures content by placing the

A) top level in roman numerals, the second level in arabic numerals, the third level in upper-case letters, and the final level in lowercase letters.

B) top level in upper-case letters, the second level in roman numerals, the third level in arabic numerals, and the final level in lowercase letters.

C) top level in upper-case letters, the second level in lowercase letters, the third level in roman numerals, and the final level in arabic numerals.

D) top level in roman numerals, the second level in upper-case letters, the third level in arabic numerals, and the final level in lowercase letters.

A preparation outline that uses an alphanumeric style structures content by placing the

A) top level in roman numerals, the second level in arabic numerals, the third level in upper-case letters, and the final level in lowercase letters.

B) top level in upper-case letters, the second level in roman numerals, the third level in arabic numerals, and the final level in lowercase letters.

C) top level in upper-case letters, the second level in lowercase letters, the third level in roman numerals, and the final level in arabic numerals.

D) top level in roman numerals, the second level in upper-case letters, the third level in arabic numerals, and the final level in lowercase letters.

A) anecdote

B) body language

C) transition

A) anecdote

B) body language

C) transition

Imagine that you must assemble a speaking outline for a presentation on the endangerment of killer whales. During your research, you found the following statistic: "Recent consensus suggests an absolute minimum of 50,000 killer whales exist worldwide." Where would these notes be best placed in a speaking outline?

A) The transition

B) The body

C) The introduction

D) The conclusion

Imagine that you must assemble a speaking outline for a presentation on the endangerment of killer whales. During your research, you found the following statistic: "Recent consensus suggests an absolute minimum of 50,000 killer whales exist worldwide." Where would these notes be best placed in a speaking outline?

A) The transition

B) The body

C) The introduction

D) The conclusion

A) anecdote

B) detour

C) transition

D) draft

A) anecdote

B) detour

C) transition

D) draft

A) body language

B) transition

C) sentence outline

D) detour

A) body language

B) transition

C) sentence outline

D) detour

B) wisdom

C) transition

D) topic outline

B) wisdom

C) transition

D) topic outline

A) audience

B) brainstorming

C) transition

D) reiterate

A) audience

B) brainstorming

C) transition

D) reiterate

A) prepare

B) coherent

C) outline

D) draft

A) prepare

B) coherent

C) outline

D) draft

The inability to begin or continue work on a piece of writing; normally temporary.

A) anecdote

B) writer's block

C) brainstorming

D) ethnocentrism

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comWiktionary. "writer's block." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/writer's+block

The inability to begin or continue work on a piece of writing; normally temporary.

A) anecdote

B) writer's block

C) brainstorming

D) ethnocentrism

A preliminary sketch; rough outline.

A) wisdom

B) draft

C) outline

D) prepare

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comWiktionary. "draft." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/draft

A preliminary sketch; rough outline.

A) wisdom

B) draft

C) outline

D) prepare

A) wisdom

B) heterogeneous

C) prepare

D) outline

A) wisdom

B) heterogeneous

C) prepare

D) outline

The rough draft outline is particularly valuable for speech writers

A) when writing the final speech.

B) as notes during the presentation.

C) as a script during the presentation.

D) at the pre-writing stage.

The rough draft outline is particularly valuable for speech writers

A) when writing the final speech.

B) as notes during the presentation.

C) as a script during the presentation.

D) at the pre-writing stage.

A) prepare

B) outline

C) coherent

D) draft

A) prepare

B) outline

C) coherent

D) draft

A) transition

C) information

D) outline

A) transition

C) information

D) outline

Attribution

• OER Commons. CC BY http://www.oercommons.org/courses/public-speaking/view

• Wikipedia. "Critical thinking." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical_thinking

• Wikibooks. "Rhetoric and Composition/Rhetorical Analysis." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Rhetoric_and_Composition/Rhetorical_Analysis

• Wikipedia. "Transition words." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transition_words

• Wikipedia. "Persuasion." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persuasion

• Wikipedia. "Organizational communication." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizational_communication

• Wikipedia. "Outline (summary)." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_(summary)

• Wikibooks. "Professional and Technical Writing/Presentations." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Professional_and_Technical_Writing/Presentations#Example_of_a_Speech_Outline

• Wikidot. "Organizing Main Body - Public Speaking." CC BY-SA http://publicspeaking.wikidot.com/main-body

• Connexions. "Techniques for public speaking." CC BY 3.0 http://cnx.org/content/m21673/latest/

• Wikipedia. "Appeal to authority." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appeal_to_authority

• Wikipedia. "Crowd manipulation." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crowd_manipulation

• Connexions. "Technical Presentations." CC BY 3.0 http://cnx.org/content/m36873/latest/

• Wikipedia. "Thesis statement." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thesis_statement

• Saylor. CC BY http://www.saylor.org/site/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/COM101-CH-11.1.pdf

• Wikipedia. "Extemporaneous speaking." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extemporaneous_speaking#Conclusion

• Connexions. "Manual for Writing Mentors." CC BY 3.0 http://cnx.org/content/m15909/latest/

• Wikipedia. "Abstract (summary)." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract_(summary)

• Wikibooks. "Basic Writing/Writing about reading." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Basic_Writing/Writing_about_reading

• Wikipedia. "Q&A website." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%2526A_website

• Wikidot. "Transitions - Public Speaking." CC BY-SA http://publicspeaking.wikidot.com/transitions

• Wikibooks. "Development Cooperation Handbook/How to present an idea." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Development_Cooperation_Handbook/How_to_present_an_idea

• Wikidot. "Transitions - Public Speaking." CC BY-SA http://publicspeaking.wikidot.com/transitions

• Wikispaces. "laurierseminars-electiontechniques - Our Reading." CC BY-SA http://laurierseminars-electiontechniques.wikispaces.com/Our+Reading

• Wikipedia. "Outline (list)." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_(list)

• Wikispaces. CC BY-SA https://msgordonsushistoryacp.wikispaces.com/Developing+an+Outline+%2526+Samples+of+an+OutlineFree to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

• Wikipedia. "Outline (list)." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_(list)

• Boundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA http://boundless.com

• Wikibooks. "Professional and Technical Writing/Presentations." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Professional_and_Technical_Writing/Presentations#Example_of_a_Speech_Outline

• Wikipedia. "Rough draft." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rough_draft

• Wikibooks. "Basic Writing/Drafting." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Basic_Writing/Drafting

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