organizing the body of the speech
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8. Organizing the Body of the Speech. Strategic Organization. Putting a speech together in a particular way to achieve a particular result with a particular audience. Main Points. The major points developed in the body of a speech. Tips for Preparing Main Points. Keep main points separate - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Stephen E. LucasStephen E. Lucas
C H A P T E RC H A P T E R
McGraw-HillMcGraw-Hill © 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
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Organizing the Body of the SpeechOrganizing the Body of the Speech
Slide 2Slide 2
McGraw-HillMcGraw-Hill © 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Strategic OrganizationStrategic Organization
Putting a speech together in a particular way to achieve a particular result with a particular audience.
Putting a speech together in a particular way to achieve a particular result with a particular audience.
Slide 3Slide 3
McGraw-HillMcGraw-Hill © 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Main PointsMain Points
The major points developed in the body of a speech. The major points developed in the body of a speech.
Slide 4Slide 4
McGraw-HillMcGraw-Hill © 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Tips for Preparing Main Points
Tips for Preparing Main Points
• Keep main points separate
• Try to use the same pattern of wording for main points
• Balance the amount of time devoted to main points
• Keep main points separate
• Try to use the same pattern of wording for main points
• Balance the amount of time devoted to main points
Slide 5Slide 5
McGraw-HillMcGraw-Hill © 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Chronological OrderChronological Order
A method of speech organization in which the main points follow a time pattern.
A method of speech organization in which the main points follow a time pattern.
Slide 6Slide 6
McGraw-HillMcGraw-Hill © 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Chronological Order Chronological Order
Specific Purpose: To inform my audience how the Great Wall of China was built.
Main Points: I. Building of the Great Wall began during the Qin dynasty of 221-206 B.C.
II. New sections of the Great Wall were added during the Han dynasty of 206 B.C.-220 A.D.
III. The Great Wall was completed during the Ming Dynasty of 1368-1644.
Specific Purpose: To inform my audience how the Great Wall of China was built.
Main Points: I. Building of the Great Wall began during the Qin dynasty of 221-206 B.C.
II. New sections of the Great Wall were added during the Han dynasty of 206 B.C.-220 A.D.
III. The Great Wall was completed during the Ming Dynasty of 1368-1644.
Slide 7Slide 7
McGraw-HillMcGraw-Hill © 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Spatial OrderSpatial Order
A method of speech organization in which the main points follow a directional pattern.
A method of speech organization in which the main points follow a directional pattern.
Slide 8Slide 8
McGraw-HillMcGraw-Hill © 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Spatial Order Spatial Order
Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about the structure of a hurricane.
Main Points: I. At the center of a hurricane is the calm, cloud-free eye.
II. Surrounding the eye is the eyewall, a dense ring of
clouds that produces the most intense wind and rainfall.
III. Rotating around the eyewall are large bands of clouds and
precipitation called spiral rain bands.
Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about the structure of a hurricane.
Main Points: I. At the center of a hurricane is the calm, cloud-free eye.
II. Surrounding the eye is the eyewall, a dense ring of
clouds that produces the most intense wind and rainfall.
III. Rotating around the eyewall are large bands of clouds and
precipitation called spiral rain bands.
Slide 9Slide 9
McGraw-HillMcGraw-Hill © 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Causal OrderCausal Order
A method of speech organization in which the main points show a cause-effect relationship.
A method of speech organization in which the main points show a cause-effect relationship.
Slide 10Slide 10
McGraw-HillMcGraw-Hill © 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Causal Order Causal Order
Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about the possible causes for the collapse of Mayan civilization.
Main Points: I. Mayan civilization flourished for over a thousand years until 900 A.D., when it mysteriously began to disintegrate. (EFFECT)
II. Scholars have advanced three major explanations for the causes of this disintegration. (CAUSE)
Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about the possible causes for the collapse of Mayan civilization.
Main Points: I. Mayan civilization flourished for over a thousand years until 900 A.D., when it mysteriously began to disintegrate. (EFFECT)
II. Scholars have advanced three major explanations for the causes of this disintegration. (CAUSE)
Slide 11Slide 11
McGraw-HillMcGraw-Hill © 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Problem-Solution OrderProblem-Solution Order
A method of speech organization in which the first main point deals with the existence and seriousness of a problem and the second main point presents a solution to the problem.
A method of speech organization in which the first main point deals with the existence and seriousness of a problem and the second main point presents a solution to the problem.
Slide 12Slide 12
McGraw-HillMcGraw-Hill © 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Problem-Solution OrderProblem-Solution Order
Specific Purpose: To persuade my audience that legislation is needed to control the abuses of fraudulent
charity fund-raisers.
Main Points: I. Fraudulent charity fund-raising has become a widespread national problem.
II. The problem can be solved by a
combination of government initiative and individual awareness.
Specific Purpose: To persuade my audience that legislation is needed to control the abuses of fraudulent
charity fund-raisers.
Main Points: I. Fraudulent charity fund-raising has become a widespread national problem.
II. The problem can be solved by a
combination of government initiative and individual awareness.
Slide 13Slide 13
McGraw-HillMcGraw-Hill © 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Topical OrderTopical Order
A method of speech organization in which the main points divide the topic into logical and consistent subtopics.
A method of speech organization in which the main points divide the topic into logical and consistent subtopics.
Slide 14Slide 14
McGraw-HillMcGraw-Hill © 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Topical Order Topical Order
Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about the achievements of Ida Wells-Barnett.
Main Points: I. As a teacher, Wells-Barnett spoke out against inferior school facilities for African-American children.
II. As a journalist, Wells-Barnett campaigned against lynching.
III. As a civic organizer, Wells- Barnett helped found the
NAACP.
Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about the achievements of Ida Wells-Barnett.
Main Points: I. As a teacher, Wells-Barnett spoke out against inferior school facilities for African-American children.
II. As a journalist, Wells-Barnett campaigned against lynching.
III. As a civic organizer, Wells- Barnett helped found the
NAACP.
Slide 15Slide 15
McGraw-HillMcGraw-Hill © 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Tips for Preparing Main Points
Tips for Preparing Main Points
• Keep main points separate
• Use the same pattern of wording for main points
• Balance the time devoted to main points
• Keep main points separate
• Use the same pattern of wording for main points
• Balance the time devoted to main points
Slide 16Slide 16
McGraw-HillMcGraw-Hill © 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Supporting MaterialsSupporting Materials
The materials used to support a speaker’s ideas.The materials used to support a speaker’s ideas.
Slide 17Slide 17
McGraw-HillMcGraw-Hill © 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
ConnectiveConnective
A word or phrase that connects the ideas of a speech and indicates the relationship between them.
A word or phrase that connects the ideas of a speech and indicates the relationship between them.
Slide 18Slide 18
McGraw-HillMcGraw-Hill © 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Types of ConnectivesTypes of Connectives
• Transition
• Internal preview
• Internal summary
• Signpost
• Transition
• Internal preview
• Internal summary
• Signpost
Slide 19Slide 19
McGraw-HillMcGraw-Hill © 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
TransitionTransition
A word or phrase that indicates when a speaker has finished one thought and is moving on to another.
A word or phrase that indicates when a speaker has finished one thought and is moving on to another.
Slide 20Slide 20
McGraw-HillMcGraw-Hill © 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Transitions Transitions
• Now that we have seen how drinking too much is a serious problem for students and their communities, let us look at some causes.
• So much for the present; what about the future?
• Now that we have seen how drinking too much is a serious problem for students and their communities, let us look at some causes.
• So much for the present; what about the future?
Slide 21Slide 21
McGraw-HillMcGraw-Hill © 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Internal Preview Internal Preview
A statement in the body of the speech that lets the audience know what the speaker is going to discuss next.
A statement in the body of the speech that lets the audience know what the speaker is going to discuss next.
Slide 22Slide 22
McGraw-HillMcGraw-Hill © 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Internal PreviewInternal Preview
“In discussing how Asian Americans have been stereotyped in the mass media, we’ll look first at the origins of the problem and second at its continuing impact today.”
“In discussing how Asian Americans have been stereotyped in the mass media, we’ll look first at the origins of the problem and second at its continuing impact today.”
Slide 23Slide 23
McGraw-HillMcGraw-Hill © 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Transition Combined with an Internal Preview
Transition Combined with an Internal Preview
(Transition): Now that we have seen how serious the problem of faulty credit reports is, let’s look at some solutions.
(Internal Preview): I will focus on three solutions—instituting tighter government regulation of credit bureaus, holding credit bureaus financially responsible for their errors, and giving individuals easier access to their credit reports.
(Transition): Now that we have seen how serious the problem of faulty credit reports is, let’s look at some solutions.
(Internal Preview): I will focus on three solutions—instituting tighter government regulation of credit bureaus, holding credit bureaus financially responsible for their errors, and giving individuals easier access to their credit reports.
Slide 24Slide 24
McGraw-HillMcGraw-Hill © 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Internal SummaryInternal Summary
A statement in the body of the speech that summarizes the speaker’s preceding point or points.
A statement in the body of the speech that summarizes the speaker’s preceding point or points.
Slide 25Slide 25
McGraw-HillMcGraw-Hill © 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Internal SummaryInternal Summary
“In short, palm reading is an ancient art. Developed in China more than 5,000 years ago, it was practiced in classical Greece and Rome, flourished during the Middle Ages, survived the Industrial Revolution, and remains popular today.”
“In short, palm reading is an ancient art. Developed in China more than 5,000 years ago, it was practiced in classical Greece and Rome, flourished during the Middle Ages, survived the Industrial Revolution, and remains popular today.”
Slide 26Slide 26
McGraw-HillMcGraw-Hill © 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
SignpostSignpost
A very brief statement that indicates where a speaker is in the speech or that focuses attention on key ideas.
A very brief statement that indicates where a speaker is in the speech or that focuses attention on key ideas.
Slide 27Slide 27
McGraw-HillMcGraw-Hill © 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Signposts Signposts
The first cause of this problem is inefficient
agricultural production.
The second cause is recurrent drought in the
affected countries.
The final cause is mismanagement of
available food resources by local leaders.
The first cause of this problem is inefficient
agricultural production.
The second cause is recurrent drought in the
affected countries.
The final cause is mismanagement of
available food resources by local leaders.
Slide 28Slide 28
McGraw-HillMcGraw-Hill © 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.