operative plasterers’ and cement masons’ international association (opcmia)
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Operative Plasterers’ and Cement Masons’ International Association (OPCMIA)
Hexavalent Chromium in Portland Cement
1
22Program Introduction
Consider:
• Does your company work with portland cement?
• Workers = Immediate employees and subcontractors = Your responsibility
• There are 1,300,000 workers in 30 occupations that may be at risk.
Topics:
• Costs associated with injuries and illness
• The presence of hexavalent chromium in portland cement
• Hexavalent chromium exposure
• Exposure prevention and control
• Worker training and recordkeeping requirements
33Program Introduction
OSHA hazard communication:
• Worker training must address: Hazards associated with hexavalent chromium Signs and symptoms of hexavalent chromium-related
health effects Preventative measures (PPE, exposure controls,
hygiene) Worker access to hygiene facilities, PPE, and
information (e.g., MSDSs)
44Program Introduction
Hexavalent chromium:
• Chemical used in the manufacturing of portland cement
• Classified as a carcinogen (inhalation and ingestion)
• Dermal contact can lead to allergic contact dermatitis (ACD)
ACD can be a debilitating skin disorder that can adversely affect an employee’s health and ability to work
55Program Introduction
Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD):
• Skin disease that may occur from working with wet portland cement
• Immunologic reaction caused by a sensitization to hexavalent chromium
• Once sensitized, exposure to small amounts can trigger a strong reaction
• Severe cases of sensitization may become a permanent disability
• Sensitization may develop years after working with cement and may not be confined to the area of contact
• Difficult to cure, exposure prevention is key
66Program Introduction
Hazard assessment:
• Employer must identify areas where a hazard is present or is likely to be present from skin or eye contact with hexavalent chromium
• A walk-through survey of the workplace is recommended to identify sources of worker hexavalent chromium exposure
• A review of workplace injury and illness records is recommended
77Program Introduction
Hazard assessment (cont.):
• Exposures must be evaluated, taking into account factors such as:
The acidity or alkalinity of the hexavalent chromium-containing compound or mixture
The magnitude and duration of exposure
• Where a hazard is identified, the employer must select the hazard control measure or measures (e.g. PPE) needed to protect workers
Employer must provide PPE that is in good working condition
88Program Introduction
Review:
• You are responsible for the health and safety of your workers
• 1,300,000 workers in 30 occupations regularly exposed to wet portland cement products
• OSHA hazard communication standard requires hexavalent chromium training
• Hexavalent chromium (carcinogen – inhalation/ingestion) can cause Allergic Contact Dermatitis (ACD)
• Employers must conduct a hazard assessment prior to beginning work
99
Costs associated with injuries and illness
1010
Objectives:
• Identify contractor costs that are associated with injuries and illness
• Explain what Experience Modifications Rates are and how they impact a company’s insurance rates
Costs associated with injuries and illness
1111
Statistics:
• There are 7 million workers in the construction trades.
• Construction trade accidents account for 370,000 injuries per year (Avg. -1,000/day).
• Construction companies spend $170 billion/year on costs associated with injuries/illness.
• Workers who suffer a disabling injury can lose 40% of their income over a 5-year period.
• Accident and injury costs account for 6.5% of construction dollars spent.
• OSHA citations and fines can affect the bottom line of a company.
• Injuries and illness = Waste
Costs associated with injuries and illness
1212Costs associated with injuries and illness
Statistics (cont.):
• Skin disorders comprise 35% of all occupational related diseases.
• ACD accounts for 20% of all cases of occupational dermatitis.
• ACD costs workers, insurers, companies, and the government between $135 million and $679 million a year.
• Wet cement is the #1 cause of occupational skin disease in the U.S.
• Portland cement accounts for 25% of work related skin problems world wide.
1313Costs associated with injuries and illness
Statistics (cont.):
• Concrete workers in the U.S. report 4 times more lost work days for skin problems than do all other construction trades.
• Of the 7 million construction workers in the U.S., 8% to 22% of them will come in contact with wet portland cement.
• 5% to 15% of workers that come in contact with portland cement may suffer from ACD at a rate 25 times that of the general population.
1414
It may be worse:
• Most skin problems are not reported: Believe it’s part of the job Fear of embarrassment
A recent survey revealed:
Costs associated with injuries and illness
Skin problems: Doctor visits:
29%71%
Yes
No
71% report rashes, bumps, red skin, burning, itching, scaling, fissures, pain.
7
93%
Yes
No
Only 7% report doctor visits or lost time.
%
1515
Costs associated with injuries and illness:
• More Compensation Claims =
Higher EMRs = Higher Insurance Rates
• Time away by experienced workers
• Training replacements
• Retraining for injured workers
• Light duty workloads
• Post-traumatic repercussions
Costs associated with injuries and illness
1616Costs associated with injuries and illness
Experience Modification Rates (EMRs):
• Insurance industry: Developed experience rating systems as means of determining premiums for workers’ compensation insurance
Rating systems: Consider average workers’ compensation losses for a given firm’s type of work and amount of payroll, and predict the dollar amount of expected losses to be paid out by that employer in a designated rating period (usually 3 years) Rating is based on comparisons with other firms doing similar work
Losses incurred by employer for the rating period are then compared to the expected losses to develop the experience rating (or EMR). Workers’ compensation insurance premiums for a contractor are adjusted by this rate (the EMR)
1717Costs associated with injuries and illness
Summary:
• Injuries and illness can increase costs:
Insurance rates Training and retraining OSHA citations and fines Absenteeism:
Faulty products Disrupted work assignments
• Worker training is crucial in minimizing job related injuries and illness
1818
The presence of hexavalent chromium in portland cement
19The presence of hexavalent chromium in portland cement
Objectives:
• Recognize the presence of hexavalent chromium in portland cement
• Identify products containing portland cement
• Identify people who are exposed to hexavalent chromium in portland cement
20The presence of hexavalent chromium in portland cement
Portland cement:
• 80% of all U.S. ready-mix concrete contains portland cement
• Portland cement is universally abrasive
• Portland cement becomes extremely alkaline when wet
21The presence of hexavalent chromium in portland cement
Portland cement (cont.):
• Occupations health hazards of portland cement include:
Inhalation Dermal Eye hazards
2222
Hexavalent chromium:
• Occupations health hazards result from contaminants generally found in portland cement, including hexavalent chromium
• 83 of 89 U.S. and Canadian manufacturers’ portland cement contains detectable hexavalent chromium
• Hexavalent chromium has been classified as a carcinogen
Inhalation and ingestion
The presence of hexavalent chromium in portland cement
2323
Hexavalent chromium (cont.):
• Hexavalent chromium (Cr[VI]) is the primary cause of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) from portland cement
• Hexavalent chromium is present in portland cement in generally trace amounts
• Hexavalent chromium is a contaminant that enters the cement mixture through raw materials or during its manufacturing
• Generally there is less than 20 µg hexavalent chromium per gram of cement, or 20 parts per million (ppm)
The presence of hexavalent chromium in portland cement
2424
Products that contain portland cement:
• Concrete
• Mortar
• Plaster
• Spackle
• Stucco
• Terrazzo
• Tile grout
The presence of hexavalent chromium in portland cement
2525
Hod carrier Plasterer Terrazzo worker Tile setter
Hexavalent chromium:
• More than 1,300,000 workers in 30 occupations are generally exposed to wet portland cement products:
Bricklayers Carpenters Cement masons Concrete finishers Ready-mixed concrete truck driver
The presence of hexavalent chromium in portland cement
2626
Discussion Questions
1. Portland cement occupies what percentage of all U.S ready-mix concrete?
2. What are the three primary areas of the body that portland cement can affect?
The presence of hexavalent chromium in portland cement
2727The presence of hexavalent chromium in portland cement
Discussion Questions
1. Portland cement occupies what percentage of all U.S ready-mix concrete? (80 percent.)
2. What are the three primary areas of the body that portland cement can affect? (Lungs/inhalation, dermis or skin through contact, eye contamination and associated hazards.)
2828
Any Questions?
Summary:
• 80% of all U.S. ready-mix concrete contains portland cement
• Hexavalent chromium is present in portland cement in generally trace amounts
• Hexavalent chromium is the primary cause of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) in portland cement
• Types of products that contain portland cement
• Types of workers that are exposed to portland cement
The presence of hexavalent chromium in portland cement
2929
Hexavalent chromium exposure
3030
Objectives:
• Explain the routes of entry and the factors that cause hexavalent chromium exposure
• Define sensitization
• Recognize symptoms and health effects of hexavalent chromium exposure
• Describe permissible exposure limits (PELs) for hexavalent chromium
Hexavalent chromium exposure
3131Hexavalent chromium exposure
Routes of exposure:
• Inhalation – Through the air
• Absorption – Through skin
• Ingestion – Through eating or drinking
Remember:
• Cement dust can react with the eye’s mucous membrane and skin
• Grinding concrete releases cement dust
• Always wear respirator and eye protection when grinding
32Hexavalent chromium exposure
Consider:
• How you use wet cement helps determine whether it causes skin problems
How long does it contact your skin? How often do you use it? Is their mechanical trauma or abrasion of your skin?
Sources of mechanical trauma include: Friction between your hand and your tool Friction between your hand, glove, and tool The pressure needed to use a tool The aggregate in concrete
33Hexavalent chromium exposure
Environmental factors:
• Environmental factors can damage skin and increase the risk of skin problems from wet cement
• Cold temperature: Dries the skin Causes microscopic cracks Reduces awareness of
chemical contact by reducing blood flow at the skin surface
34Hexavalent chromium exposure
Environmental factors (cont.):
• Heat, humidity, and sun: Cause sweating – sweat dissolves
chemicals, which de-fat the skin, causing microscopic damage
Heat increases blood flow at the skin surface and increases the rate at which skin absorbs chemicals
Humidity keeps sweat from evaporating Sun burns the skin, reacts with some
chemicals to cause light sensitization, and can cause cancer
35Hexavalent chromium exposure
Individual factors:
• Individual factors may affect skin problems caused by wet cement, including:
Pre-existing dermatitis Predisposition Knowledge Personal practices
• There is no predictable order to the development of skin problems
• You must take protective measures to reduce exposure as much as possible
36Hexavalent chromium exposure
Health effects:
• Sensitization: Sensitization is an immune system response It may be a local or a widespread reaction Usually, the chemical or substance causes no change on first contact During the period of incubation (sensitization), your immune system
alters cells invisibly to fight the foreign substance Once you are sensitized, small amounts trigger a strong reaction
37Hexavalent chromium exposure
Health effects (cont.):
• Sensitization: Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a
serious risk for construction workers who use wet portland cement
Many people cannot tolerate further exposure to the chemical
A sensitization may develop even after you’ve worked with wet cement for many years
Hexavalent chromium in cement is the primary cause of ACD
38Hexavalent chromium exposure
Health effects (cont.):
• Sensitization: Avoid using creams and lotions
containing lanolin (some individuals may be allergic to lanolin)
Do not apply creams or lotions while on the job
Contaminated gloves can trap cement against the skin
39Hexavalent chromium exposure
Permissible exposure limits:
• OSHA’s PELs for both portland cement and particulates not otherwise regulated (PNOR) are 15 mg/m3 as total dust, and 5 mg/m3 for the respirable fraction
• Because there are only trace amounts of hexavalent chromium in portland cement, these PELs could provide adequate protection against hexavalent chromium inhalation
• If maintaining portland cement exposure levels below the PEL is not possible through engineering controls, exposed employees must wear respiratory protection
40Hexavalent chromium exposure
Exposure levels:
• Activities where high levels of exposure to hexavalent chromium may occur in construction include:
Terrazzo work Mixing mortar Jobsite mixing of
concrete
4141
Discussion Questions
1. In what three ways can an individual be exposed to Hexavalent chromium?
2. A common sensitization (or reaction) for construction workers who use wet portland cement is called what?
Hexavalent chromium exposure
4242
Discussion Questions
1. In what three ways can an individual be exposed to Hexavalent chromium? (Inhalation, absorption, ingestion.)
2. A common sensitization (or reaction) for construction workers who use wet portland cement is called what? (Allergic contact dermatitis [ACD].)
Hexavalent chromium exposure
4343
Any Questions?
Hexavalent chromium exposure
Summary:
• Your workers who use portland cement may be exposed to hexavalent chromium through inhalation, absorption, and ingestion
• Environmental and individual factors can affect exposure
• Sensitization may develop after working with wet cement for many years, leading to ACD
• PELs for both portland cement and particulates not otherwise regulated (PNOR) are 15 mg/m3 as total dust, and 5 mg/m3 for the respirable fraction where listed
4444
Exposure prevention and control
4545Exposure prevention and control
Objectives:
• Identify methods for preventing and controlling worker exposure to hexavalent chromium in portland cement, including:
Hazard control measures PPE and clothing Work practices Sanitation Hazard communication and
assessment
4646
Hazard control measures:
• Engineering controls
• Administrative controls
• Use of PPE
Exposure prevention and control
4747
Engineering controls:
• Designing facility, equipment, or process to remove hazards, or substitute the process, equipment, or materials to lesson hazards
• Enclosure of hazards using enclosed cabs
• Isolation of hazards (e.g., interlocks, machine guards, shields, or curtains)
• Removal or redirection of hazards using ventilation control systems (local exhaust, general ventilation)
Exposure prevention and control
4848
Administrative controls:
• Written operating procedures, work permits, safe work practices
• Exposure time limitations
• Monitoring use of highly hazardous materials or dangerous equipment
• Alarms and warning signs
• Buddy systems and training
Exposure prevention and control
4949
Use of PPE:
• When engineering controls are not feasible or do not totally eliminate a hazard
• While engineering controls are being developed
• When safe work practices do not provide sufficient additional protection
• During emergencies when engineering controls may not be feasible
Exposure prevention and control
5050Exposure prevention and control
• PPE requirements may not be the same for every job site
• Employers are responsible for providing their workers with appropriate PPE that is in good working condition
Protective clothing and equipment:
• The type of protective clothing and equipment needed depends on:
The potential for exposure The conditions of use in the
workplace
5151Exposure prevention and control
Protective clothing and equipment (cont.):
• Examples of protective clothing and equipment that may be used include:
Gloves Knee pads Long-sleeved shirts Aprons Coveralls Boots Foot coverings Goggles Respirators
5252Exposure prevention and control
Protective clothing and equipment (cont.):
• In some instances gloves may be all that is necessary to effectively protect a worker from hexavalent chromium exposure
• In other situations, more extensive measures such as coveralls, head coverings, and goggles may be necessary
• Employers must provide protective clothing and equipment, and must ensure that it is used when required
• The chemical and physical properties of the compound or mixture may also influence the choice of clothing and equipment to use
5353Exposure prevention and control
Protective clothing and equipment (cont.):
• Other factors that should be considered: Size Flexibility Cut and tear resistance
• OSHA has issued a booklet that provides more information on assessment of workplace hazards and selection of protective clothing and equipment
5454
Discussion Questions
1. The type of protective clothing and equipment needed to protect employees from Hexavalent chromium depends on what two factors?
2. When hexavalent chromium related hazards exist, is it the employers or employees responsibility to select the appropriate level of personal protective equipment?
Exposure prevention and control
5555
Discussion Questions
1. The type of protective clothing and equipment needed to protect employees from Hexavalent chromium depends on what two factors? (The potential for exposure, the conditions of use in the workplace.)
2. When hexavalent chromium related hazards exist, is it the employers or employees responsibility to select the appropriate level of personal protective equipment? (Employers.)
Exposure prevention and control
5656Exposure prevention and control
Wearing protective clothing:
• Wear long sleeves taped inside gauntlet gloves
• Tape pants inside rubber boots to keep cement out of your boots
• If you kneel in wet cement, wear knee pads and use knee boards
5757Exposure prevention and control
Wearing protective clothing (cont.):
• If wet cement soaks clothes, remove them immediately
• Keep extra work clothes on site or in your car
• Store work clothes at work or take them home in a separate container
• Launder work clothes separately to protect you and your family
Run the washer empty after doing work clothes
5858
Glove selection:
• Make sure gloves are the right type for the work you are performing
• Manufacturers recommend butyl or nitrile gloves for cement
• Gauntlet gloves are best
• Wear gloves that fit – loose gloves and clothing allow contaminants to get trapped
• Avoid cotton and leather gloves
Exposure prevention and control
5959Exposure prevention and control
Proper glove use:
• Follow manufacturer’s instructions
• Never turn down the gauntlets
• Keep insides of gloves clean and dry
• Handle gloves by insides only
• Decontaminate gloves weekly or whenever they are contaminated
• Store gloves away from tools and materials in a cool, dark, dry place
• Practice proper hygiene
• Change and throw gloves away when they become contaminated on the inside
6060Exposure prevention and control
Proper glove use (cont.):
• Throw out grossly contaminated gloves – if in doubt, throw them out!
• Throw out disposable gloves daily
• Clean off gloves before removing them
• Remove gloves and wash hands before eating, drinking, smoking, or using the restroom
6161
Cleaning and replacement of protective clothing and equipment:
• The employer must clean, launder, repair and replace protective clothing and equipment regularly:
Ensures that clothing and equipment continues to protect workers Standards do not specify how often clothing and equipment must be
cleaned, repaired, or replaced Appropriate time intervals are based on:
Types of clothing and equipment used Level of hexavalent chromium exposure Other circumstances in the workplace
Exposure prevention and control
6262Exposure prevention and control
Cleaning and replacement of protective clothing and equipment (cont.):
• Employer responsibility for ensuring work clothes and equipment are properly cleaned
• Clothing and equipment should be laundered or cleaned in a manner that minimizes skin or eye contact with hexavalent chromium and prevents exposure in excess of the PEL
• Workers who clean or launder hexavalent chromium contaminated items must be aware of the associated hazards so that they can take appropriate protective measures
6363Exposure prevention and control
Activity: Glove demonstration
6464Exposure prevention and control
Activity: Glove demonstration (cont.)
• What should you do before putting on gloves?
• Why is it important to do so?
6565Exposure prevention and control
Activity: Glove demonstration (cont.)
1.Choose the appropriate gloves for you hand size
2. Inspect gloves before donning
3.Put on at least one glove, then try to pick up objects such as pencils, paper clips, nails
• How flexible are the gloves?
• How easy is it to do other ordinary tasks?
4.Hold tools with gloves on
5.Evaluate the gloves they are wearing for fit and usefulness
6666Exposure prevention and control
Discussion Questions
1. How should gloves be stored?
2. When should gloves be changed or thrown away?
6767Exposure prevention and control
Discussion Questions
1. How should gloves be stored? (Away from tools and materials in a cool, dark, dry place.)
• When should gloves be changed or thrown away? (When they become contaminated on the inside or when they become grossly contaminated.)
6868Exposure prevention and control
Safe practices for glove removal:
69Exposure prevention and control
Best practices:
• Reduce the amount of skin exposed and the amount of time the skin is exposed to wet cement:
Keep your exposure as low as possible Cover as much skin as you can Keep wet cement off you as you work If using protective clothing, check it to
make sure it is in good condition and without rips or tears
Clean up as soon as possible
70Exposure prevention and control
Best practices (cont.):
• Avoid occlusion: No jewelry at work No barrier creams:
Sometimes called invisible gloves, barrier creams are not recommended for work with cement
Applying the cream in the work area can occlude contaminants on your skin
71Exposure prevention and control
Best practices (cont.):
• Avoid occlusion: No creams, lotions, or skin-
softening products like Vaseline and lanolin
These products soften skin by penetrating it and can “pull” contaminants through with them (trapping them)
72Exposure prevention and control
Best practices (cont.):
• No cement in gloves and boots: Often the cause of cement burns is wet
cement occluded against skin by boots Remove clothing if cement soaked Seek medical treatment for any
persistent skin problems, even a minor one
Protect cuts and abrasions with waterproof dressings at work – change the dressing to a porous one after work
73Exposure prevention and control
Best practices (cont.):
• Only clean, dry, pH-normal hands go into gloves:
If you remove your gloves during the workday, wash and dry hands before putting them on again
Putting gloves over contaminated hands traps contaminants against your skin
Repeatedly washing your tools in the same bucket will increase the pH of the water
74Exposure prevention and control
Sanitation:
• The OSHA sanitation standard (1926.51(f)): Requires employers to “provide adequate
washing facilities… in near proximity to the worksite [that must] be so equipped as to enable employees to remove such substances.”
• Washing facilities must include: Clean water Non-alkaline soap Clean towels
75Exposure prevention and control
Washing hands:
• Plain water does not remove cement residue or restore pH balance
• Use a pH-neutral or slightly acidic soap to remove the residue and a buffer or neutralizing product to neutralize the pH (e.g., Neutralite)
• Wash with pH-neutral or slightly acidic soap at home and at work
76Exposure prevention and control
Washing hands (cont.):
• The damage to skin from alkaline exposure may not always be visible
• pH-neutral or slightly acidic soaps (e.g., Softsoap, pHisoderm) are closer to the pH of healthy skin
• Look for sensitive skin, unscented, or fragrance-free versions of soaps
• Use soaps that do not contain lanolin, limonene, perfume
• Avoid alkaline or abrasive cleaners
• Wash regularly throughout the day
• Never use solvents to wash your hands
77Exposure prevention and control
Washing hands (cont.):
• Dry hands thoroughly with a clean towel or wipe before putting on gloves
• Clean nail beds and creases between fingers
• Wash hands before breaks, before lunch, and at the end of the day
7878
Activity: pH Testing
Exposure prevention and control
7979Exposure prevention and control
Activity: pH Testing (cont.)
Supplies:
• Dry portland cement
• Household vinegar
• One gallon distilled water
• pH strips
• Color scales
• Clear plastic glasses
• Plastic spoons
• Bars of soap
• pHisoderm soap, liquid Softsoap, or another pH-neutral or slightly acidic soap
• OPTIONAL: Neutralite and/or Mason’s Hand Rinse
8080
Activity: pH Testing (cont.)
1.Dip a pH strip in distilled water
2.Determine result
3.Compare result on pH scale
Exposure prevention and control
8181
Activity: pH Testing (cont.)
Exposure prevention and control
8282
Activity: pH Testing (cont.)
4.Add water to cement and stir
5.Dip pH strip in the cement solution, determine result, and compare result to pH scale
6.Count how many times more alkaline cement is, compared to skin
Exposure prevention and control
8383
Activity: pH Testing (cont.)
7.Dip a pH strip in the vinegar, determine result, and compare result on pH scale
8.Dip a pH strip in the cement solution again and compare with pH scale
Exposure prevention and control
8484
Activity: pH Testing (cont.)
Exposure prevention and control
Add vinegar to cement solution
Dip a new pH strip in the new solution, determines result, and compare result to the pH scale
Wet the bar soap, test with a pH strip, and compare results to the pH scale
Pour Softsoap or pHisoderm in your hand, test it with a pH strip, and compare results to the pH scale
9.
10.
11.
12.
858585
Discussion Questions
1. What did adding vinegar to the cement solution do to the pH level of the mixture?
2. What would washing with bar soap after being exposed to cement do to human skin?
3. What would washing with pH-neutral soap after being exposed to cement do to human skin?
Exposure prevention and control
868686
Discussion Questions
1. What did adding vinegar to the cement solution do to the pH level of the mixture? (Vinegar can neutralize the alkalinity of cement.)
2. What would washing with bar soap after being exposed to cement do to human skin? (The alkalinity of the soap combined with the alkalinity of the cement can further harm skin.)
3. What would washing with pH-neutral soap after being exposed to cement do to human skin? (pH-neutral soap restores the skin’s pH levels after exposure to cement.)
Exposure prevention and control
878787Exposure prevention and control
Take pH strips and a glass of water to your vehicles
Dip strips in water one at a time and place on steering wheel, seats, and other locations inside the vehicle (also test the back seats)
If you have gotten cement water on your hands, test the pH of the skin
Determine results and compare results to the pH scale
Activity: pH Testing (cont.)
13.
14.
15.
16.
8888
How can we control pH?
Exposure prevention and control
8989Exposure prevention and control
Conclusion:
• Cement is strongly alkaline
• Vinegar or a buffer can neutralize alkalinity
• Construction workers should not use alkaline soap
• Workers may be taking cement dust home in their vehicles
• Workers should avoid wearing work clothes home
• Wet cement is one billion times more alkaline than human skin
• Wash hands before eating, smoking, or going to the bathroom to avoid ingesting or spreading contaminants
• Wash hands before putting gloves on to avoid occlusion
9090Exposure prevention and control
Any Questions?
Summary:
• Hazard control measures (engineering controls, administrative controls, use of PPE)
• Keep wet cement out of gloves and boots by taping sleeves and pants
• Only insert clean, dry hands into gloves
• When washing hands use clean water, non-alkaline soap, and clean towels
• Protective clothing and equipment is determined by the employers after hazards have been assessed
• If wet cement soaks clothes or gets inside gloves or boots, remove them immediately
91
Worker training and recordkeeping requirements
9292Worker training and recordkeeping requirements
Objectives:
• Identify the training requirements that workers must complete before being authorized to work with portland cement
• Identify employer record keeping requirements regarding cases of allergic contact dermatitis
9393Worker training and recordkeeping requirements
Worker exposure training and rights:
• In order to work with portland cement, workers must be trained to:
Identify hazards associated with exposure to portland cement, including hazards associated with the cement’s hexavalent chromium content
Determine preventive measures, including proper use and care of PPE, and proper hygiene practices
9494Worker training and recordkeeping requirements
Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD):
• Employer records each case of occupational dermatitis that meets the recordability criterion set by the OSHA Recordkeeping Handbook, 1904.4 Recording Criteria
• Employer informs workers of how to report their work-related illnesses and injuries
9595Worker training and recordkeeping requirements
Any Questions?
Summary:
• Employers must: Train workers on hazards and
preventive measurers Keep records of occupational dermatitis
related to hexavalent chromium exposure
Inform workers of how to report work-related illnesses and injuries
Program Review 96
Review:
• Hexavalent chromium found in portland cement can lead to allergic contact dermatitis (ACD)
• You must train your workers on the hazards associated with hexavalent chromium exposure
• You must provide appropriate PPE that is in good working condition
• Remind workers of best practices for working safely with products that contain hexavalent chromium
• Health and safety of your workers (immediate employees and subcontractors), is you responsibility
Program Complete
97
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