middle east slides

Middle East Unit

Outlining

2.1 City-States in Mesopotamia

1. Summarize how geography affected culture in the Fertile Crescent

2. Describe city-states and how other cultures learned about them

3. Describe Sumerian religious beliefs, social structure, and technology

4. Explain the influence of Sumer of later civilizations

Bronze technology developed first in Sumeria, 3300 BCE

Sargon of Akkad unites Mesopotamia, 2350 BCE

Amorites form Babylonian Empire, ~2000 BCE

Hammurabi, ~1700 BCE

Hammurabi’s Code, 282 written laws

3.4 Origins of Judaism

1. What was the ancient name for “Palestine”?

2. When did the descendants of Abraham move to Egypt?

3. Summarize the first covenant between Yahweh and Abraham.

4. How long did the Jews travel through the Sinai Desert after escaping from slavery in Egypt?

5. Why was Solomon’s kingdom divided into two?

Despite challenges, the Hebrews maintained monotheistic beliefs that were unique in the ancient world.

1. Summarize the history and beliefs of the ancient Hebrews

2. Explain the historical and cultural importance of the Exodus

3. Describe Israel under Saul, David, and Solomon

4. Describe Israel’s destruction and the Hebrews’ exile in Babylon

Palestinewas

Canaan

The TorahGenesis, Exodus,

Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy

Abraham1800 BCE, Canaan1650 BCE, Egypt

Monotheism

Hebrews migrated to Egypt to avoid draught & famine - but then enslaved.

Fled captivity between 1300 -1200 BCE, led by Moses

Legend says the Hebrews wandered the Sinai Desert for 40 years

10 Commandments . . .

Hebrew bible

• Torah

• Prophets

• Writings

Talmud

• Mishnah

• Gemara

Hebrew lawMishna

Talmud

Gemara

What do you notice about the first four commandments as opposed to the last

six?

Which two are stated in the positive form?

Why?

How would you characterize the

difference between the Ten

Commandments and Hammurabi’s Code?

12 Tribes down to Judah (Jews & Judaism)

Saul

David

Solomon

4.2 The Assyrian Empire

Assyria developed a dominant military and established a well-organized administration until revolts wore down the empire.

1. Analyze the sources of Assyrian military strength

2. Evaluate Assyrian achievements

3. Trace the Assyrian decline

850 BCE, Assyria rises

Sennacherib destroyed 89 cities and 820 villages, burned Babylon and ordered tens of thousands killed

Advances SW to Egypt

Esarhaddon: “I tore up the root of Kush, and not one therein escaped to submit to me”

Technology

• Leather & metal body armour

• Metal helmets

• Iron swords and spears

• Ladders

Strategies

• Siege

• Pontoon bridges

• Dug beneath walls

• Archers cleared walls

• Battering rams for gates

• No mercy

Archers & ladders

Tunneling

Battering ram

612 BCE, Medes & Chaldeans unite

Chaldeans rebuild Babylon, 600 BCE

Nebuchadnezzar

Hanging Gardens of Babylon

350 BCE, Assyrians try to reunite . . .

33 CE - 1300, Assyrian missionaries

10.1 The Rise of Islam

Muhammad unified the Arab people both politically and through Islam.

1. Describe Arabia before the rise of Islam

2. Explain how Muhammad began to unify the Arabian Peninsula under Islam

3. Identify Islamic beliefs and practices

622,

Hijr

ah

630,

Ret

urn

to M

ecca

Islam vs Muslim

Um

ma

Five Pillars of Faith

Quran vs Sunna vs Shari’a

Without depicting Muhammad or God, students will illustrate a storyboard of the assigned section of the text, paying particular attention to specifics.

1. Deserts, Towns, and Trade Routes

2. and 7. Revelations

3. The Hijrah

4. Returning to Mecca

5. The Five Pillars

6. A Way of Life & Sources of Authority

10.2 Islam Expands

In spite of internal conflicts, the Muslims created a huge empire that included lands on three continents.

1. Describe how Muhammad’s successors spread Islam

2. List conflicts within the Umayyad state

3. Explain how rivalries split Islam

632, Muhammad died

632, Abu-Bakr, first “Rightly-Guided Caliph”

Umar, Uthman, and Ali

Reasons for success?

Treatment of conquered?

Uthman murdered, Ali elected caliph then murdered

Umayyads take control

Moved capital to Damascus

Surrounded selves with luxury

Shi’a

Sunni

Sufi

Abbasid Empire

750-1258, Abbasids

Fatimid caliphate, among others, follow

Trade, including sakks

10.3 Muslim Culture

Muslims combined and preserved the traditions of many peoples and also advanced learning in a variety of areas.

1. Describe society under the Abbasids

2. Identify Muslim accomplishments in art and science

3. Describe Muslim attitudes toward philosophy and religion

4.3 Persia Unites Many

Lands

• Explain the rise of the Persian Empire

• Describe the unique features of the Persian government and its official religion, Zoroastrianism

Cyrus, conquered from 550 to 539 BCE

Son, Cambyses, did not rule long

Darius takes throne in 521 BCE

satrap

Royal Road

Zoroastrianism...

10.1 The Rise of Islam

• Describe Arabia before the rise of Islam

• Explain how Muhammad began to unify the Arabian Peninsula under Islam

• Identify Islamic beliefs and practices

The Prophet Muhammad

• Khadjah

• the angel Gabriel

• Allah

• Islam, “submission to the will of Allah”

• Muslim, “one who has submitted”

• Hijrah, 622, from Mecca to Yathrib

• From Medina to Mecca, 630

• Ka’aba

• umma

Five Pillars of Faith

Faith Shahada

Prayer Salat

Alms Zakaat

Fasting Sawm

Pilgrimage Hajj

Five Pillars of Faith

Faith Shahada

Prayer Salat

Alms Zakaat

Fasting Sawm

Pilgrimage Hajj

Five Pillars of Faith

Faith Shahada

Prayer Salat

Alms Zakaat

Fasting Sawm

Pilgrimage Hajj

• ulama, scholar class

• imam, spiritual leader

• Qu’ran

• Sunna

• Shari’a

• ulama, scholar class

• imam, spiritual leader

• Qu’ran

• Sunna

• Shari’a

• ulama, scholar class

• imam, spiritual leader

• Qu’ran

• Sunna

• Shari’a

• ulama, scholar class

• imam, spiritual leader

• Qu’ran

• Sunna

• Shari’aHad crimesQesas crimesTazir

{

10.2 Islam Expands

Shane’s Birthday Quiz

Shane’s Birthday Quiz

1.Who was Muhammad’s first successor?

Shane’s Birthday Quiz

1.Who was Muhammad’s first successor?

2.Which sub-group of Islam believed that the caliph had to be related to Muhammad?

Shane’s Birthday Quiz

1.Who was Muhammad’s first successor?

2.Which sub-group of Islam believed that the caliph had to be related to Muhammad?

3.What was Muhammad’s daughter’s name?

• Describe how Muhammad’s successors spread Islam

• List conflicts within the Umayyad state

• Explain how rivalries split Islam

Outcomes

• Rightly-guided caliphs (“successor”)

• Abu-Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali

• jihad

• jizra

• Uthman and Ali murdered

Sunnah Shi’a

meaning “well-trodden path” “party of Ali”

# 940m/ 90% 120m/ 10%

Locations most Muslim countries Iran, Iraq & Yemen

true CaliphAbo Bakr, father of the Prophet’s favored wife,

A’ishah

Ali ibn Abi Talib, husband of the Prophet’s

daughter Fatimah

qualifications for ruler of Islam

tribe of the Prophet (Quraysh); later, anyone

qualifiedfamily of the Prophet

Religious authority other than Qu’ran

ijma (consensus) of Muslim community

infallible imams

Abbasid EmpireFatimid Dynasty

circa 820 CE

10.3

• Describe society under the Abbasids

• Identify Muslim accomplishments in art & science

• Describe Muslim attitudes toward philosophy and religion

Outcomes