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Middle East Unit
Outlining
2.1 City-States in Mesopotamia
1. Summarize how geography affected culture in the Fertile Crescent
2. Describe city-states and how other cultures learned about them
3. Describe Sumerian religious beliefs, social structure, and technology
4. Explain the influence of Sumer of later civilizations
Bronze technology developed first in Sumeria, 3300 BCE
Sargon of Akkad unites Mesopotamia, 2350 BCE
Amorites form Babylonian Empire, ~2000 BCE
Hammurabi, ~1700 BCE
Hammurabi’s Code, 282 written laws
3.4 Origins of Judaism
1. What was the ancient name for “Palestine”?
2. When did the descendants of Abraham move to Egypt?
3. Summarize the first covenant between Yahweh and Abraham.
4. How long did the Jews travel through the Sinai Desert after escaping from slavery in Egypt?
5. Why was Solomon’s kingdom divided into two?
Despite challenges, the Hebrews maintained monotheistic beliefs that were unique in the ancient world.
1. Summarize the history and beliefs of the ancient Hebrews
2. Explain the historical and cultural importance of the Exodus
3. Describe Israel under Saul, David, and Solomon
4. Describe Israel’s destruction and the Hebrews’ exile in Babylon
Palestinewas
Canaan
The TorahGenesis, Exodus,
Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy
Abraham1800 BCE, Canaan1650 BCE, Egypt
Monotheism
Hebrews migrated to Egypt to avoid draught & famine - but then enslaved.
Fled captivity between 1300 -1200 BCE, led by Moses
Legend says the Hebrews wandered the Sinai Desert for 40 years
10 Commandments . . .
Hebrew bible
• Torah
• Prophets
• Writings
Talmud
• Mishnah
• Gemara
Hebrew lawMishna
Talmud
Gemara
What do you notice about the first four commandments as opposed to the last
six?
Which two are stated in the positive form?
Why?
How would you characterize the
difference between the Ten
Commandments and Hammurabi’s Code?
12 Tribes down to Judah (Jews & Judaism)
Saul
David
Solomon
4.2 The Assyrian Empire
Assyria developed a dominant military and established a well-organized administration until revolts wore down the empire.
1. Analyze the sources of Assyrian military strength
2. Evaluate Assyrian achievements
3. Trace the Assyrian decline
850 BCE, Assyria rises
Sennacherib destroyed 89 cities and 820 villages, burned Babylon and ordered tens of thousands killed
Advances SW to Egypt
Esarhaddon: “I tore up the root of Kush, and not one therein escaped to submit to me”
Technology
• Leather & metal body armour
• Metal helmets
• Iron swords and spears
• Ladders
Strategies
• Siege
• Pontoon bridges
• Dug beneath walls
• Archers cleared walls
• Battering rams for gates
• No mercy
Archers & ladders
Tunneling
Battering ram
612 BCE, Medes & Chaldeans unite
Chaldeans rebuild Babylon, 600 BCE
Nebuchadnezzar
Hanging Gardens of Babylon
350 BCE, Assyrians try to reunite . . .
33 CE - 1300, Assyrian missionaries
10.1 The Rise of Islam
Muhammad unified the Arab people both politically and through Islam.
1. Describe Arabia before the rise of Islam
2. Explain how Muhammad began to unify the Arabian Peninsula under Islam
3. Identify Islamic beliefs and practices
622,
Hijr
ah
630,
Ret
urn
to M
ecca
Islam vs Muslim
Um
ma
Five Pillars of Faith
Quran vs Sunna vs Shari’a
Without depicting Muhammad or God, students will illustrate a storyboard of the assigned section of the text, paying particular attention to specifics.
1. Deserts, Towns, and Trade Routes
2. and 7. Revelations
3. The Hijrah
4. Returning to Mecca
5. The Five Pillars
6. A Way of Life & Sources of Authority
10.2 Islam Expands
In spite of internal conflicts, the Muslims created a huge empire that included lands on three continents.
1. Describe how Muhammad’s successors spread Islam
2. List conflicts within the Umayyad state
3. Explain how rivalries split Islam
632, Muhammad died
632, Abu-Bakr, first “Rightly-Guided Caliph”
Umar, Uthman, and Ali
Reasons for success?
Treatment of conquered?
Uthman murdered, Ali elected caliph then murdered
Umayyads take control
Moved capital to Damascus
Surrounded selves with luxury
Shi’a
Sunni
Sufi
Abbasid Empire
750-1258, Abbasids
Fatimid caliphate, among others, follow
Trade, including sakks
10.3 Muslim Culture
Muslims combined and preserved the traditions of many peoples and also advanced learning in a variety of areas.
1. Describe society under the Abbasids
2. Identify Muslim accomplishments in art and science
3. Describe Muslim attitudes toward philosophy and religion
4.3 Persia Unites Many
Lands
• Explain the rise of the Persian Empire
• Describe the unique features of the Persian government and its official religion, Zoroastrianism
Cyrus, conquered from 550 to 539 BCE
Son, Cambyses, did not rule long
Darius takes throne in 521 BCE
satrap
Royal Road
Zoroastrianism...
10.1 The Rise of Islam
• Describe Arabia before the rise of Islam
• Explain how Muhammad began to unify the Arabian Peninsula under Islam
• Identify Islamic beliefs and practices
The Prophet Muhammad
• Khadjah
• the angel Gabriel
• Allah
• Islam, “submission to the will of Allah”
• Muslim, “one who has submitted”
• Hijrah, 622, from Mecca to Yathrib
• From Medina to Mecca, 630
• Ka’aba
• umma
Five Pillars of Faith
Faith Shahada
Prayer Salat
Alms Zakaat
Fasting Sawm
Pilgrimage Hajj
Five Pillars of Faith
Faith Shahada
Prayer Salat
Alms Zakaat
Fasting Sawm
Pilgrimage Hajj
Five Pillars of Faith
Faith Shahada
Prayer Salat
Alms Zakaat
Fasting Sawm
Pilgrimage Hajj
• ulama, scholar class
• imam, spiritual leader
• Qu’ran
• Sunna
• Shari’a
• ulama, scholar class
• imam, spiritual leader
• Qu’ran
• Sunna
• Shari’a
• ulama, scholar class
• imam, spiritual leader
• Qu’ran
• Sunna
• Shari’a
• ulama, scholar class
• imam, spiritual leader
• Qu’ran
• Sunna
• Shari’aHad crimesQesas crimesTazir
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10.2 Islam Expands
Shane’s Birthday Quiz
Shane’s Birthday Quiz
1.Who was Muhammad’s first successor?
Shane’s Birthday Quiz
1.Who was Muhammad’s first successor?
2.Which sub-group of Islam believed that the caliph had to be related to Muhammad?
Shane’s Birthday Quiz
1.Who was Muhammad’s first successor?
2.Which sub-group of Islam believed that the caliph had to be related to Muhammad?
3.What was Muhammad’s daughter’s name?
• Describe how Muhammad’s successors spread Islam
• List conflicts within the Umayyad state
• Explain how rivalries split Islam
Outcomes
• Rightly-guided caliphs (“successor”)
• Abu-Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali
• jihad
• jizra
• Uthman and Ali murdered
Sunnah Shi’a
meaning “well-trodden path” “party of Ali”
# 940m/ 90% 120m/ 10%
Locations most Muslim countries Iran, Iraq & Yemen
true CaliphAbo Bakr, father of the Prophet’s favored wife,
A’ishah
Ali ibn Abi Talib, husband of the Prophet’s
daughter Fatimah
qualifications for ruler of Islam
tribe of the Prophet (Quraysh); later, anyone
qualifiedfamily of the Prophet
Religious authority other than Qu’ran
ijma (consensus) of Muslim community
infallible imams
Abbasid EmpireFatimid Dynasty
circa 820 CE
10.3
• Describe society under the Abbasids
• Identify Muslim accomplishments in art & science
• Describe Muslim attitudes toward philosophy and religion
Outcomes