master trainer :

GROUP MEMBERSGROUP LEADER Rahat Manzar

ASSISTANT Kaniz Akhtar Awan Firdous Anjum

Members: Farrukh Imtiaz Shazia Mubeen Tabussum Munir Shaista Hasnat Rizwana Tahir Beatrix Afshan Iram Manzoor Zarina Zulfiqar Farzana Shahid Qamar un Nisa Tehmina Rubani Asma Shaukat Zareena Shaheen Tahira akhtar Raheela Khalid

Supervisor Naheed Akram

OBJECTIVES Development of an easy mathematical

approach towards the students. To know in the better way the terms used

in mathematic in English. Using these symbols and signs we are able

to understand international books about Mathematics without knowing their language( i.e. Chinese and Japanese).

It is the better way to create the attention towards the subject.

MATHEMATICS

Science (or group of related sciences) dealing with the logic of quantity and shape and

arrangement)

The study of the measurement, properties, and relationships of quantities and sets, using numbers

and symbols.

Symbol: +

What is it: Addition sign

How is it read: Plus

How it is used : Sum of a few values

Expression sample: t3 + 2 = 5

+

Symbol: -

What is it: Subtraction

sign

How is it read: Minus

How it is used : Difference of

values

Expression sample: 5 - 2 = 3

Symbol . Or x Multiplication

How is it read?How is it read?

Multiply by Multiply by ….times….times

Expression sample

3.5=15

DIVISION

÷ Division sign. 3 divided by 4 3 ÷ 4 = 0.75 8 divided by 2 8 ÷ 2=4

÷

SLASH

/ Slash ... divided by ...... over ... Division 3/4 = 0.75

CROSS PRODUCT

Cross product sign A cross B written as A x B

A x B ≠ B x A

X

APPROXIMATE SIGN

~ Approximate

equal sign is approximately equal to Indicates two values areclose to each other

x + y ~z

SUMMATION

summation sign The summation mean Sum

of many values.

SQUARE ROOT

square root symbol The square root of ... Algebraic expressions

EQUALITY SIGN

= Equal sign shows that two

quantities are equals Indicates two values

are the same -(-5) = 5

2z + 4z – 6Z = 0 =

=

INEQUALITY SIGN Inequality sign is

not equal to Indicates two valuesare different

x≠ y

≠

GREATER THAN > > Inequality sign is

greater than Indicates value on

leftis larger thanvalue on right

5 > 3x > y

GREATER OR EQUALITY SIGN ≥

Inequality sign is greater than or equal to. Indicates value on left is larger

than or equal to value on right side.

x ≥y

LESS THAN < Inequality sign is less than . Indicates value on left side is less than value on right

side. x <y

3 < 5

<

LESS OR EQUALITY SIGN

≤ Inequality sign is less than or equal to is

at most equal to Indicates value on left

side is smaller than or equal to value on right side.

X ≤ y

BELONGS TO… SIGN

Element-ofA={a,b} a & b are an elements of

set A.

A={a,b}

a A

DOES NOT BELONGS TO.. SIGN

• Not-element-of• is not an element

ofset.

• A={a ,c, f}• b A

SUBSET SYMBOL

A is a subset of B

A={1,2}

B={1,2,3,4} A B

FOR ALL… SYMBOL Universal

quantifierFor all For every

Logical statements

a,b ЄQ`a+b ЄQ

proportionality sign is proportional to

x  yindicates two variableschange in direct proportion x  1/yindicates two variableschange in inverse

proportion

……CONTINUATION SIGN

so on and up to ...... and so on infinitely

Extension of sequenceA={1,2,3,……,10}S = {1, 2, 3, ...}

PERCENTAGE

% Percent symbol ... percent ...Proportion 80 percent means 80 out of 100. 80 % 0.032 = 3.2 %

VERTICAL LINE |Vertical line means such that.

| Used in defining a set

{x | x > 4 }A set of first ten natural numbers.{x | x € N and 1 < x < 10}

PARENTHESES/ OPEN BRACKET

(  ) Parentheses is quantity to

list the set of coordinates of open interval.

(x + y) + z (x,y,z) (3,5)

CURLY OR BRACES BRACKETS

{  } Curly brackets are the quantity to

show the set

Denotes a quantity or a set E = {2, 4, 6, 8, ...}

SQUARE BRACKETS

[ ]  Square brackets are the quantity

to show the closed interval Denotes a quantity or a

closed interval w + [(x + y) + z]

[3,5]

PERPENDICULARITY ┴

Perpendicularitysymbol is perpendicular to Geometry

AC ┴ CDA B

C D

IMPLICATION SYMBOL logical implication implies ...

Logical

statements

A B x=y x+z=y+z

LOGICAL EQUALENCE SIGN

equivalent to ...

Logical statements

A B x+y y+x

“THEREFORE” SIGN Three dots... therefore ...

... it follows that ... Logical statements or

mathematical proofs x = y and y = z

x = z

SYMBOL OF UNION OF TWO SYMBOL OF UNION OF TWO

SETS SETS UU• Union symbol.

U A={1,2,3} B={3,4}

AUB={1,2,3,4}• AUB = BUA

INTERSECTION SYMBOL Intersection

symbol....

A B = B AA={1,2}

B={2,3,4} AΠB={2}

NULL SET Φ Null symbol The null set

The empty set Sets Φ = { }

DEGREE SYMBOL

º Degree symbol... Degree (s) Angular measure

Temperature= 45ºT = +20 ºC

SYMBOL OF NATURAL SYMBOL OF NATURAL NUMBERS NUMBERS NN

Enhanced or bold Enhanced or bold NNThe set of natural The set of natural

numbersnumbers

NN= { 1, 2, 3, ...}= { 1, 2, 3, ...}

SYMBOL OF WHOLE SYMBOL OF WHOLE NUMBERSNUMBERS

WWSign used to represent whole Sign used to represent whole

numbers.numbers.

W={0,1,2,3,4…}W={0,1,2,3,4…}

SYMBOL OF EVEN NUMBERS

ESign used to represent the

set of Even numbers.E={0,±2,±4,±6,±8…}

SYMBOL OF ODD NUMBERS

O Sign used to

represent the odd numbers.

O={±1±2,±3,…..}

INTEGER SYMBOL , Z Enhanced or bold Z The set of integers Number theory

Z= {……,-4,-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3,4,…}

RATIONAL NUMBERS

Q Enhanced or bold The set of rational numbers Q` Set of irrational numbers.

REAL NUMBERS SYMBOL

, R Enhanced or bold R The set of real numbers All rational and irrational numbers.

ANGLE SYMBOL

angle symbol Angle Geometry

ABC

A

B C

LMN

THETA SYMBOL

Greek theta. theta ... Suppose measurement

of an angle is THETA. Angular variable= 90º

PARALLEL SYMBOL // Parallel symbol is

used in Geometry L // M

SIMILARITY SIGN ~ Similarity sign is

similar to Indicates two objects aregeometrically similar

ABC ~ DEF~