land reforms : an overview

LAND REFORMS

GROUP 2

André MüllerElsa Ouvrard

Ieva BriceIpsit Dash

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CONTENT

– Land Grabbing– What is Land Reform?– Why Land Reform is needed?– Guidelines Sustainable Land Reforms– Insight into Land Reforms in India and Latvia- Conclusion

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LAND GRABBING

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DEFINING LAND GRABBING

Investment in large-scale areas of arable land Food Security

PROCESS

MOTIVES

THE HOWcontentious

WHODomestic and transnational companies

scale and frequency

DRIVERS

Population Life Styles Biofuel

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Livelihoods of Smallholders, the landless, Indegenous people

Cheap promises

Exclusion and Expropriation

Vicious Cycle of Poverty

Environmental Degradations

Developing Countries PROBLEMS

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THE NEED FOR LAND REFORMS

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WHAT IS LAND REFORM?

Two different approaches:

- Property Rights Theory

- Evolutionary Theory of Land Rights

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GUIDELINES FOR A SUSTAINABLE LAND REFORM

- Government to facilitate- Participatory and transparent design- Flexibility in implementation- Decentralised and locally managed reforms- Measures to improve access- Monitoring- Post-reform structures

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QUICK FACTS

India Latvia

Area vs Population Index

0,00271 0,0311

GDP per capita ($) 3.851 18.140

Income Category( World Bank Income Categories)

Low Upper Middle

Poverty Share Index Ranked 1; (41 % of world’s poverty)

Ranked 78

Landuse – Agriculture (%)

51,63 28,64

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LAND REFORM IN INDIA

Pre Independence-Land Reform

Post Independence-Land Reform- Land for the tiller and Growth with Equity

Voluntary Land Reform Movements

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LAND REFORM IN INDIA

COMMENTS

Abolition of Intermediaries and Land Ceiling Acts

Land Grabbing instances common after Globalization and Industrialization.

Problems of Landless labour situation

Benami Transactions, Redistributed Land are mostly fallow and waste land.

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LATVIAN LAND REFORMS

Peasant Reform (1861)

Post WW1 Reform (1920)

Post WW2 Reform (1945)

Post Disintegration of USSR Reform (1991)

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PROBLEMS

PROBLEMS

Problems with Restoring Property Rights

No Access to Own Property

Fragmentation of the Land

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CONCLUSION

- Prioritizing the poor

- Participation

- Awareness

- Framework - Regulation and Legislation

- India and Latvia

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Thank you for listening!

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PICTURESLand Grabbing: http://dapa.ciat.cgiar.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/spooner_1504_main-420x01.jpgLand Grabbing Sketch:http://elface.files.wordpress.com/2013/02/ellen-li-elface-land-grabs-in-africa.jpghttp://www.thebrokeronline.eu/var/broker/storage/images/blogs/a-new-agriculture-Scalefor-food-security/the-myths-of-global-land-grabbing-untangled/131607-2-eng-GB/The-myths-of-global-land-grabbing-untangled_full_view.jpgHayhttp://4.bp.blogspot.com/_YI7ppcKmicc/TB3PK-BBkfI/AAAAAAAAGRk/FSjIks5i1iA/s1600/6132.jpgWherehttp://trendreport.betterplace-lab.org/media/usr/000/003/067/Auswahl_002_1.pngFarmershttp://www.hakinetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Download1.jpgIFAD.http://www.ifad.org/english/land/women_land/ Fronthttp://blog.worldagroforestry.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/african-agriculture1.jpg