knowledge and tourism development coping with diversity henrik halkier professor of regional and...

KNOWLEDGE AND TOURISM DEVELOPMENT

Coping with diversity

Henrik HalkierProfessor of Regional and Tourism Studies

Aalborg UniversityDenmark

halkier@ihis.aau.dkhttp://www2.ihis.aau.dk/~halkier/

Henrik HalkierAalborg UniversityDenmark

halkier@ihis.aau.dk

KNOWLEDGE AND TOURISM DEVELOPMENT

Coping with diversity

Henrik HalkierAalborg UniversityDenmark

halkier@ihis.aau.dk

KNOWLEDGE AND TOURISM DEVELOPMENT

Coping with diversity

1. Issues: Knowledge and tourism (and EURODITE)

2. Conceptualising knowledge dynamics

3. Knowledge, public policy, and tourism diversity

http://www2.ihis.aau.dk/~halkier/

KNOWLEDGE AND TOURISM DEVELOPMENT

Coping with diversity

KNOWLEDGE, TOURISM (and EURODITE)

Policy concerns EU Lisbon strategy in practice: high-tech, big-science ? cluster-mania in policy communities across Europe

EURODITE 2005-2010 network researching regional knowledge dynamics focus on seven selected sectors, including tourism sectoral / territorial knowledge dynamics firm-level case studies

CONCEPTUALISING KNOWLEDGE DYNAMICS

knowledge types: different truth criteria analytical, synthetic, symbolic

knowledge phases: purpose of activity exploration, examination, exploitation

knowledge sites: location explicit, complicit, implicit individual, collective

knowledge processes: drivers, strategies, institutions regulation, markets, networks, corporate objectives organisational, professional, markets, products/processes

FROM TOURISM TO TOURISMS

Travel services• commercial• infrastructural

On-site services• accommodation• catering• transport

On-site activities• prescribed/voluntary• non-/commercial

Market intelligence

Production /consumption

Consumption monitoring

Conception/ design / marketing

FROM TOURISM TO TOURISMS

Drivers and organisation of tourism activities

Purpose

Pleasure Duty

Organi-sation

Indiv-idual

Tourist destinationsPilgrimage

Accidental tourismVisiting relatives

Corpo-rate

Package toursTrekking, Cruises

MICE (meetings, incentives,

conferences, exhibitions)

FROM TOURISM TO TOURISMS

INDIVIDUAL PLEASURE: DESTINATION TOURISM

Travel services• flights• roads

On-site services• hotels/B&Bs• rentals/campsites• restaurants, shops• car hire

On-site activities• voluntary, attractions• cultural/natural

Market intelligence

Conception/ design / marketing

Production /consumption

Consumption monitoring

(Budget) airlines

(Inter)national chainsSMEs

Promotional bodiesPublic/private providers

Promotional bodiesTargeted tourists

Analytical Synthetic Symbolic

Exploration (Market research) (Market research)

Examination Market research Market research

Exploitation Productdevelopment

Promotiondevelopment

INDIVIDUAL PLEASURE: DESTINATION TOURISM

Drivers /

responses

Organi-sational

Profes-sional Market Product/ process

Regulation Networking PromotionCertification Certification

Market structure

Networking (Research) Networked promotion(Research)

Networked innovation(Research)

Networks Brand-based presence

Convenient travel

Corporate objectives

Brand-based presence

Cheap travel

Destination SMEsHotel chainsAirlines

INDIVIDUAL PLEASURE: DESTINATION TOURISM

ORGANISED PLEASURE: PACKAGE TOURISM

Travel services• flights• roads

Market intelligence

Conception/ design / marketing

Production /consumption

Consumption monitoring

TOUR OPERATORSSubcontractors in

transport/accommodation

Tour operatorsPublic/private providers

Promotional bodiesTargeted tourists

On-site activities• voluntary, excursions• 4 Ss (sun, sex,...)• attractions

On-site services• hotels• restaurants, shops• car hire

Analytical Synthetic Symbolic

Exploration (Market research) (Market research)

Examination Market research Market research

Exploitation Productdevelopment

Promotiondevelopment

ORGANISED PLEASURE:

PACKAGE TOURISM

Drivers /

responses

Organi-sational Professional Market Product/ process

Regulation

Market structure

Graduate recruitment

PromotionResearch

InnovationResearch

Networks

Corporate objectives

International mergers

ORGANISED PLEASURE:

PACKAGE TOURISM

KNOWLEDGE SITESIN TOURISM

Individual Collective

Explicit

Training Guidelines

Implicit

Practice Practice

Complicit

Formal/informalnetworks

Package holidaysHotel chainsAirlinesDestination SMEs

KNOWLEDGE DYNAMICSISSUES IN TOURISM

Intersection of tourisms expectation of different knowledge dynamics degree of coexistence within localities/regions/nations some actors involved in different tourisms a challenge for schizophrenic public policies ... and for EURODITE case studies

diverse dynamics and their interaction