iv. disasters

DISASTER VS HAZARD EVENT: EARTHQUAKES

San Francisco (1989): 63 victims

Haiti (2010): 250,000 victims

DISASTER VS HAZARD EVENT: TSUNAMI

Japan (2011): 1,800 victims

California (2011): 1 victim

Hurricane Ivan, Caribbean-USA (2010) (cat.5): 100 victims

Cyclone Nargis, Burma (2008) (cat.4): 150,000 victims

DISASTER VS HAZARD EVENT: TROPICAL CYCLONES

Texas (2010): 0 people hungry

Ethiopia (2003): 20M people hungry

DISASTER VS HAZARD EVENT: DROUGHT

Three-Mile Island, USA (1979): no victims

Bhopal, India (1984): 3,000-8,000 victims

DISASTER VS HAZARD EVENT: INDUSTRIAL LEAK

SCALES USED TO MEASURE A HAZARD EVENT

Suggest other factors which can be used to measure the intensity of a disaster

NATURAL

Tôhoku, Japan (2011): M=9.0 during 6 min. (16,000 victims)List likely features for each phase:

1. PRECONDITIONS• Phase 1: everyday life (decades prior)• Phase 2: incubation period (months prior)

2. DISASTER EVENT• Phase 3: triggering of event (seconds)• Phase 4: Impact (minutes)• Phase 5: Secondary damages (hours/days)• Phase 6: Outside emergency aid (days, weeks)

3. RECOVERY/RECONSTRUCTION• Phase 7: cleanup/relief camps (weeks, months)• Phase 8: reconstruction/restoration (years)

HUMAN-INDUCED:

List causes and consequences of the benzene river pollution in China (2005) which affected 4 million people in Northern China and Eastern Russia (region of Harbin, Manchuria)See p.224-225

CAUSE AND IMPACT OF A DISASTER RESULTING FROM A NATURAL OR HUMAN-INDUCED HAZARD

DISASTERS CHANGES OVER SPACE/TIME