indoor coverage

8/6/2019 Indoor Coverage

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NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL

Indoor CoverageIndoor CoverageSolutionsSolutions

V. MerleV. MerleRF Solutions Engineer RF Solutions Engineer GSM SolutionsGSM Solutions06/17/9906/17/99

2Mobistar - 06/17 - 2NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL

Indoor Solutions Objectives

Indoor Market

includes awide range of applicationsfor operators

Agenda Agenda

• Indoor Coverage SolutionsIndoor Coverage Solutions – Indoor Solutions approaches – RF distribution System

• Indoor Radio DimensioningIndoor Radio Dimensioning

• Corporate Coverage SpecificityCorporate Coverage Specificity• Indoor Design Process OutlinesIndoor Design Process Outlines

• Indoor RealizationsIndoor Realizations – Example : Corporate Coverage with PicoNode

Indoor Coverage Solutions

WhichIndoor Solution ?

Source

Macrocell & Indoor Application

Macrocell Densification

• Indoor coverage improvement, especially for higher floors

• Difficulty to get perfect indoor coverage,

especially for low floors, undergroundparking & deep indoor • No extra capacity extension if not taken intoaccount from the start

Microcell solution

Higher sitesdensity

• Good coverage solution, especially for lower floors• High capacity solution• High spectrum efficiency

• High density of sites higher cost

• Problem of dimensioning the macro/microcell in order to cope with building generatedtraffic• Localized solution• Problem of atypical areas

µ cell

Repeater solution

Extension of theoutdoor coveragecoming from amacro/microcell

• Coverage everywhere in indoor areas

• Fast & low cost solution

• No extra capacity

Possible overload of the serving cell• Limited power solution• Possible BTS blocking & BTS desensitivity

Fine tuning of repeater amplifier gains

Picocell solution

Dedicated cellsfor theconsidered buildings • Coverage everywhere in indoor areas

• Capacity extension into indoor areas

• Highest spectrum efficiency

• Higher design load : specific design for specific building

Indoor System

2 key points

- BTS source

- RF system

Indoor Objectives

- Good coverage- Good quality - Traffic capture

Repeater

RF system

DAS : Distributed Antenna System

RF Distribution System

System choice depends on :

• Building form & size

• Required capacity/coverage/quality • Available spectrum• Installation constraints

• Reuse of existing infrastructure• Resources constraints• Cost

Repeater & Picocell solution specific

Coaxial cable• + Antenna• + Leaky feeder

Distributed Antenna System• Optic Fiber DAS • CATV • Coax + Power

Amplifier

Distributed BaseStations (DBS)

Indoor RF system

Existing infrastructure

Confinement request

Interferencecompetition

2 MainTechnologies

• Coaxial feeder (antenna / leaky cable)— widely used solution

— large band system

— low hardware cost

— installation constraints and costs

•Optic Fiber System (DAS)— new technology

— possible optic infrastructure reuse

— high hardware cost

— low installation cost & constraints

— low EIRP distributed antenna approach

Coaxial cable + Antenna

— Expectation of high EIRP

— Wide area to cover

— For small building coverage (3-5 floors) or small distribution distance (100 m)

— Localized source : careful attention on proximity of apertures to minimizeoutside leaking

— Limited deployment system

— Installation constraints

Sufficient power to guaranteeantennae EIRP &compensation of feeder losses

Careful attentionon source

position to ensurecoverage over targeted area

Coaxial cable + Leaky feeder

— For small building coverage (3-5 floors) or small distributiondistance

— Homogeneous indoor coverage

— Very low outside radiation application

— Good confinement possibility

— Installation constraints

But no strong

signal … Jammer overcome ?

New solution :Flat StripRadiax

Optic Fiber System (1)

• Various OEM Fiber distributed antennasolutions— Monomode

— Multimode

• Nearly identical RF performances

• Best solution criteria :— material & installation cost

Use of fiber optic cables for signal distribution

Optic Fiber System (2)

— Low-loss low-noise fiber optics transceivers for signal conversion— For huge building (> 5 floors) & wide distribution distance (1-2 km)

with no attenuation

— Possible infrastructure reuse

— Low installation cost and constraints – ease of installation – small discrete flexible cable

– no bulky feeder trays required – minimal disruption to functions or staff

— Low output power & same low EIRP for all connected antennas

— Critical deployment speed

— Higher hardware cost

Appropriate In- building coverage for

scattered buildings

Indoor Radio Dimensioning

How todimension the

Indoor network ?

Indoor Solution

• Build your Indoor solution considering :

— Capacity needs

— Spectrum availability

—Frequency Planning

— Quality of Service

— Coverage requests

— Interference control

—Building architecture

— BSS features

RF system

C a p a c

R F d e s i

2 dimensioningpoints

- Capacity - Coverage

• Repeater / BTS Constraints

— Traffic needs & capacity evolution— Spectrum availability

— Possible frequency planning

— Power requirement issues

— Installation issues

• Nortel Networks Solutions

Capacity dimensioning

Who is thetargeted user?

Which quality of service ?

What spectrumcan be used?

First input for RF design

Capacity solutions Power solutions

• Small Capacity :• 2 TRXs S2000L / H• up to 3 TRXs CorporatePiconode & distributedpBTS portfolio

• High Capacity : S8000

• Low Power :• 2W & 8W Piconode BTS• 2.5W S2000L

• High Power :• 24W S2000H• 30W S8000

Frequency Plan

High spectrumefficiency possibility

Frequency Hopping

• Spectrum reuse

— 3 dimensional frequency planning

— by floor — from floor to floor

• Fractional reuse

— MAIO / HSN allocation per building / floor

Three dimensional frequency planning

1 single band for the wholenetwork

Outdoor +Indoor

• Single band for outdoor and indoor

Is there dedicated spectrum for indoor, how

much ?• Designing indoor radio network with spectrum

constraints – Careful borrow from distant macro cells for indoor

frequencies – Efficiency of the coverage confinement

• Optimized outdoor spectrum utilization can savesome spare frequencies for indoor design

Whole spectrum for the network

Outdoor Indoorµ cell

Spectrum sharing

Nortel solutions:BCCH plan

AFP TCH planFractional reuse

Sparefrequenciesfor indoor

• Installation constraints— Accessibility

— Distributed system : feeder runs, feeder trays …

— Antenna type (omni, panel, …)

• Minimize Cost— Equipment : BTS system, feeders, splitters, antennas,

connectors, amplifiers, …

— Installation

— Maintenance (distributed system, active elements, …)

— Transmission / Power, equipment room (leasing)

Design Constraints

Corporate Coverage Specificity

Indoor Operator Approach

• Corporate Service Offer — Commitments on QoS for a specific end-client

— Deskset / gsm mobile interoperability

— Dedicated sub-network

— PBX like Services

• Corporate Coverage— High quality of Coverage / QoS Improvement

— Good voice quality

— Traffic Capture— Part of PLMN Network Extension / Optimization

Operator interests

One solutiondedicated toone building

Corporate Coverage Specificities

• Type of customers (operators, building owner, companyrepresentatives, …)

• Specific Corporate environment

• High QoC & high QoS expected : corporate coverage should beoptimum

• Capacity availability— Specific subscriber : high penetration rate (~ 50%)

— Specific corporate call profile

• Specific features :— dialing plan, specific billing, PBX extension, supplementary services,

data ...

Indoor DesignProcess Outlines

Indoor RF Design Process

2 Strategies :

• Careful designMeasurementsmandatory • Fast designonly Optimization

Cooperationneeded with :

• Building owner • Site engineer • I&C team

P r e r e q u i s i t e s P h a

R F D e s i g n P h a s e

S y s t e m D e p l o y

m e n t P h a s e

1- Customer requirements

2- RF prerequisites

4- RF design

5- RF validation

3- BTS / Repeater choice

RFM Measurements& Site survey

RFM MeasurementsSimulationsI&C

7- System deployment

8- System validation RSV Measures

* Example for 3-5fl buildings

Indoor realizations

E l 1 C A

Example 1 : Coax + Antenna

Antenna

Splitter Coax

3 floors building, S2000L

• 7/8“ foam coax cable propagation attenuation : 4.2 dB/100m• 1/2” superflexible coax cable

propagation attenuation : 11.5 dB/100m

Limiting point : RF distribution loss 13 dB (50m 1/2 ’’ + 2 splitters)

Solution widely used in HK, Singapore,..

BTS parameters

Hybrid coupler

Jumpers

2*1:2 splitter

50 m coax cable + connectors

2dBi antenna

RF Distribution loss

Slow mobile margin

Body loss

Mobile antenna gain

Mobile parameter

Downlink

34 dBm

33 dBm

-104 dBm

Uplink

Total Link

Worst Link budget

Indoor minimum field

EIRP antenna #1

EIRP antenna #2

EIRP antenna #3

Design Threshold

dBm112 dBm

-91 dBm

23 dBm

20 dBm

19 dBm

-78 dBm

Downlink

dBmDownlink limited

Uplink

Example 1 : Coax + Antenna

-3 dB-3 dB

29.5 dBm (-10)

19.5 dBm -1 dB

-1 dB -1 dB

14.5 dBm 10.5 dBm 10.5 dBm

Splitter 1*2Antenna

Power splitter usual or directional

Bidirectional amplifier/ repeater

for huge deployment scale

Amplifier gain to be tuned carefullyImpact on Noise figure and sensitivity

Antenna location- EMC risks

- MPE limits- Blocking

Solution used in UK, Singapore

BTSS2000L

Example 2 : Corporate Coveragewith PicoNode

Corporate Offer

• NORTEL provides a dedicated Corporateapproach with PicoNode ensuring one localGSM Switching with PBX connection toprovide one unique solution to end-users.

• This solution is somehow equivalent to onesmall sized GSM system as it integratesMSC, BSC & some BTS in one really compactsystem.

Combo :

MSC/BSC/BTS in one box

Corporate Coverage withPicoNode specificities (1)

• Picocell traffic management— The objective is to save some resources of the picocell; non-

Corporate subscribers must be directed to the macrocellular network.

— Need for “better field strength” approach implying accurate RF

design & tuning – careful attention on frequency plan change – careful attention on new BTS introduction

• HO characteristics— Handover facility requested to ensure a seamless service at

entrance points.— No HO Ping-Pong between the Picocell & the Macrocell.

Future effectivesolution [R6] :SOLSA

Corporate Coverage withPicoNode specificities (2)• Frequency sharing

— Leakage issues

– from “no specific attention” to “no field radiated outside”

specific requests of radio thresholds : highest limit for outside radiation (e.g. -90 dBm@50%)

— Spectrum issues – dedicated spectrum or reuse of some spectrum used outdoor macrocells :

number of frequencies = number of TRXs

2 key points

• Leakage

• Spectrum

Piconode Datafill ParametersSetting (1)

• Favor selection & reselection towards thePiconode network for all mobiles enteringin the corporate building

– RxLevAccessMin(pcells) <= RxLevAccessMin(ext. cells) - 10

– BA list(ext. cells) = all picocells

• Ensure Piconode services & coveragecontinuity in the building

– BA list(pcells) = neighbors of 2nd crown – CellReselectionHysteresis(pcells) at max value (14dBm)

PicoCells : samecelltype as PLMN cells

2 users types(public & hybrid)

Piconode Datafill ParametersSetting (2)

• Reserve radio resources for Corporate users & push outpublic users— Favor HO towards external cells

– HO inter-BSC for visitor users – No possible HO for Hybrid users (inter-MSC)

– HO neighbors(pcells) = external cells – Standard value for RxLevMinCells(ext. Cells)

– Min. value of HO Margin

— Harden HO towards picocells except if external cells coverage is notgood enough

– High value for RxLevMinCells(pcells)

– HO Margin = +20 dB

Corporate approachNortel GSM Hdq, Guyancourt, FranceCorporate network

BTS BPicoNode

BTS APicoNode

Splitter B

Feeder

Feeder Antenna

Leaky cable

Antenna

Leaky cable

Connector

Feeder

Splitter

drycolumn

Wing BWing A

1st Gd F

Liftr Lift

Load50 Ohms

LGC-FMHFiber

Fiber Fiber

F i b e r

F i b e

F i b e r

Twisted pair

Feeder Feeder

Feeder

EH RAU RAU

RAURAU

Splitter Splitter

Splitter

Twisted pair

Strategic Locations

• 1 antenna per floor

• 2 antennae per floor

• 3 antennae per floor

• Leaky feeder input power

Pico Cellsdefinition :

• one or a groupof floors

• a wing of abuilding

•a building

among ascattered campus

Mobistar - 06/17 - 39NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL

Coax + Leaky feeder (1)

Leaky cable 120m

Guyancourt, France, Montgolfier Corporate applicationDesign threshold -70dBm

1/2 ’ Superflex leaky cable

Conclusion

• Issue : coverage of one specific area

• Needs : traffic / coverage / spectrum /services / building characterization

• Choice : one technology adapted to oneenvironment

•Benefits :— In-building coverage

— Corporate Services

Mobistar Piconode TrialMobistar Piconode Trial

Mobistar

indoor coverage

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