human osteology asa bio 2014 williams. major divisions of the body cranial – skull infracranial...

Human OsteologyASA Bio 2014

Williams

Major Divisions of the Body

Cranial – skull

Infracranial – the rest of the body

Axial – trunk & head (parts in midline)

Appendicular – appendages/ limbs

Includes pelvic and shoulder girdles

Upper Limb

Clavicle

Scapula

Humerus

Radius

Ulna

Carpals

Metacarpals

Phalanges

Clavicle

1 right & 1 left

Articulates with sternum medially and scapula laterally

Part of shoulder girdle

Scapula

1 right & 1 left

Articulates with clavicle and humerus

Does NOT articulate with ribs

Part of shoulder girdle

Humerus

1 right & 1 left

Articulates with scapula, ulna & radius

Ulna

1 right & 1 left

Articulates with humerus & radius

Connected to radius by interosseous membrane

Does NOT articulate with carpal bones

Radius

1 right & 1 left

Articulates with humerus, ulna, and proximo-lateral aspect of carpal bones

Connected to ulna by interosseous membrane

Carpals

Bones of the wrist

8 elements (per side)

2 rows of 4

Proximal row articulates with radius

Distal row articulates with metacarpals

Metacarpals

Bones of the hand

5 elements (per side)

Articulate with distal row of carpals and phalanges

Numbered lateral to medial

MC1 – MC5

Manual Phalanges

Bones of the fingers

14 elements (per side)

Separated into three rows

Proximal phalanges (5)

Intermediate phalanges (4)

Distal phalanges (5)

Singular – phalanx

Intermediate

Lower LimbInnominate

Femur

Patella

Tibia

Fibula

Tarsals

Metatarsals

Phalanges

Innominate

Os coxa

1 right & 1 left

Articulate with sacrum posteriorly, other innominate anteriorly, and femur laterally

Innominates

3 parts

Ilium

Ischium

Pubis

Femur

1 right & 1 left

Considered strongest bone

Articulates with innominate, tibia, and patella

Patella

1 right & 1 left

Sesamoid bone

Articulates only with femur

Tibia

1 right & 1 left

Articulates with femur, fibula and talus (tarsal bone)

Weight bearing bone of the lower leg

Connected to fibula with interosseous membrane

Fibula

1 right & 1 left

Non-weight bearing

Articulates with tibia and talus (tarsal bone)

Connected to tibia by interosseous membrane

Tarsals

Bones of the ankle

7 elements (per side)

Articulate with each other, tibia, fibula, and metatarsals

Metatarsals

Bones of the foot

5 elements (per side)

Numbered medially to laterally

MT1 – MT5

Articulate with tarsals and phalanges

Pedal Phalanges

Bones of the toes

14 elements (per side)

Separated into three rows

Proximal phalanges (5)

Intermediate phalanges (4)

Distal phalanges (5)

Singular – phalanx