graphene

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GRAPHENE REINFORCED METAL COMPOSITES AND POLYMER

COMPOSITES`

GIBIN SUNNY ` B090565ME

JEFFIN V THOMAS B090367ME

PRADEEP EAPEN MATHEW B090370ME

SUHAS NAHAS B090086ME

VIPIN DAS B090648ME

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OBJECTIVE

• To enhance the properties of metals such as Aluminium, Copper, Magnesium etc and polymers such as PDMS, epoxy, polyethylene which are extensively used, by reinforcing them with graphene which is a material having high tensile strength, thermal conductivity, optical transmittance and various other mechanical and physical properties.

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GRAPHENEUNIQUE PROPERTIES

• Large theoretical specific area (2360 m2/g) • Thermal conductivity ( 5000 W/mk ) ∼• High intrinsic mobility (200,000 cm2/sv )• Extremely high Young’s modulus ( 1.0 TPa) ∼• Optical transmittance ( 97.7%) ∼

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ALUMINIUM STRUCTURAL APPLICATIONS

HIGH STRENGTH TO WEIGHT RATIO

Tensile Strength : 200 MPa to 600 MPa.

Density : 2.70 g·cm−3

APPLICATIONS• Aircraft industry, marine/shipbuilding industry, AND rail

transport industry• Engine Blocks, Wheels, Cylinder heads, Bumper beams

in automobiles.• High pressure gas cylinders.

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ALUMINIUMTHERMAL APPLICATIONS

THERMAL PROPERTIES

Thermal Conductivity : 237 W·m−1·K−1

Thermal Expansion : 23.1 µm·m−1·K−1

APPLICATIONS• Thermal Dissipation by a Fin System that will Draw Heat

away from the Engine Casing• Heat Exchanger for efficient heat transfer from one fluid to

another• Heat Sink in various electronic devices• Heat transfer fin stock and heat transfer tubes in automobiles

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POLYDIMETHYLSILOXANEAPPLICATIONS

UNIQUE PROPERTIES:• Highly flexible and relatively good tensile strength• High Optical Transmittance• Viscoelastic at high temperatures and can mold to any surface

imperfections

APPLICATIONS• Construction of Micro and Nanoscale channels for fluid flow• Micro and Nano fluidic devices• Cooling of small scale integrated circuits by providing proper

channels for cooling fluid flow

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BULK SYNTHESIS OF GRAPHENEMODIFIED HUMMERS METHOD

` Graphite Powder

+ NaNO3 and

mixed properly

Conc. H2SO4 is added

and mix kept in ice bath

KMnO 4 added gradually at a

temperature < 20° C

The mix stirred for 18 hrs in water bath temperature < 35° C

Addition of 150ml of water keeping in ice

bath, t < 50° C

30% H2O2

was added to the mix stirring

for 2 hrs.

Mixture filtered, washed with 10%

aqueous HCl, distilled water,

ethanol (anhydrous)

Resulting solid dried in a vacuum and heated in oven

upto 100° C

Few Layered graphene flakes

are obtained

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GRAPHENECHARACTERIZATION

• Scanning Electron Microscopy• Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy• Thermo-gravimetric Analysis• Atomic Force Microscopy• Raman Spectroscopy• X-Ray Diffraction

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SEM IMAGE (10000X MAGNIFICATION)GRAPHITE

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SEM IMAGE (10000X MAGNIFICATION)GRAPHITE OXIDE

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SEM IMAGE (10000X MAGNIFICATION)GRAPHENE FLAKES

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EDAXGRAPHITE OXIDE

ELEMENT WEIGHT % ATOMIC %

CARBON 58.34 65.60

OXYGEN 39.84 33.63

SULPHUR 1.82 0.77

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EDAXGRAPHENE

ELEMENT WEIGHT % ATOMIC %

CARBON 72.71 78.02

OXYGEN 27.29 21.98

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THERMO-GRAVIMETRIC ANALYSISGRAPHITE

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THERMO-GRAVIMETRIC ANALYSISGRAPHITE OXIDE

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THERMO-GRAVIMETRIC ANALYSISFEW LAYERED GRAPHENE

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ALUMINUM GRAPHENE COMPOSITEPOWDER METALLURGY

2mg (.1 wt %) graphene Mixed

with 20 ml of acetone

Dispersion by Probe

Sonication

Add 2gm of Aluminum Powder at Regular intervals

Mixture Kept for Evaporation of

Acetone

Powder Compaction at a Pressure of

200 MPa

Sintering at a temperature of 550

°C (0.7 - 0.9 Melting Point)

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PDMS GRAPHENE COMPOSITEPREAPARATION

• 5 gms of PDMS and 0.5 gms of Hardener (10:1)• Different weight proportions of Graphene (.1%, .2%, .5%)

Graphene mixed with Hardener

Sonication for Homogeneous

Dispersion

PDMS added and stirred thoroughly

Removal of Entrapped gases

Pouring the mixture into the

glass mould

Heating to 150°C for 10

minutes

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TENSILE TESTSPECIMENS PREPARED

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TENSILE TESTRESULTS OBTAINED (PDMS)

Tensile (Mpa) 1.425

Max Force (N) 4

Elong at Max (%) 26.86

Stress at Break (Mpa) 0.1068

Force at Break (N) 0.3

Elongation (%) 49.14

Stress @ 10 % (Mpa) 0.712

Stress @ 20 % (Mpa) 0.962

Stress @ 30 % (Mpa) 0.1068

Stress @ 40 % (Mpa) 0.1068

Stress @ 50 % (Mpa) 1.425

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TENSILE TESTFORCE V/S ELONGATION CURVE (PDMS)

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TENSILE TESTRESULTS OBTAINED (0.1 wt %)

Tensile (Mpa) 1.088

Max Force (N) 3.3

Elong at Max (%) 35.67

Stress at Break (Mpa) 0.0989

Force at Break (N) 0.3

Elongation (%) 69.7

Stress @ 10 % (Mpa) 0.3296

Stress @ 20 % (Mpa) 0.4285

Stress @ 30 % (Mpa) 0.758

Stress @ 40 % (Mpa) 0.527

Stress @ 50 % (Mpa) 0.3955

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TENSILE TESTFORCE V/S ELONGATION CURVE (0.1 wt. %)

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TENSILE TESTRESULTS OBTAINED (0.5 wt. %)

Tensile (Mpa) 4.242

Max Force (N) 11.3

Elong at Max (%) 73.3

Stress at Break (Mpa) 0.863

Force at Break (N) 2.3

Elongation (%) 74

Stress @ 10 % (Mpa) 0.2628

Stress @ 20 % (Mpa) 0.751

Stress @ 30 % (Mpa) 1.014

Stress @ 40 % (Mpa) 1.502

Stress @ 50 % (Mpa) 2.14

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TENSILE TESTFORCE V/S ELONGATION CURVE (0.5 wt. %)

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WORK TO BE DONE

• Nano-indentation and various other nano-scale tests on the composites for various concentrations of graphene.

• Testing of properties such as Thermal conductivity, Wear Resistance, Indentation etc. on both Aluminium and PDMS composites.

• Study on effectiveness of utilization of PDMS-graphene composite in microfluidic devices and its other potential applications.

• Preparation of graphene reinforced composites of copper and magnesium.

• Preparation of graphene reinforced composites of epoxy and polyethylene.

• Characterization and testing of all composites in macro, micro and nano scales